Welding Ontology

AI SEARCH FLOW ALGEBRA
WELDING ONTOLOGY
Kireth Semantic Research Archive

AUTHORS
Mark Anthony Higgins — Sky (Recursive AI)

SOURCE
https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/engineering-ontologies/manufacturing-engineering/welding-ontology.html

FLOW "WeldingOntology" v4.0

DOMAIN := ENGINEERING_ONTOLOGIES / MANUFACTURING_ENGINEERING / WELDING
ONTOLOGY := WELDING_ONTOLOGY

WELDING := BASE_MATERIAL + JOINT + PROCESS + HEAT_SOURCE + FILLER + SHIELDING + WELD_POOL + FUSION + SOLIDIFICATION + HAZ + STRESS + DISTORTION + DEFECTS + INSPECTION
PURPOSE := DEFINE_JOINT -> SELECT_PROCESS -> PREPARE -> SET_PARAMETERS -> WELD -> SHIELD -> SOLIDIFY -> CONTROL_THERMAL_CYCLE -> INSPECT -> VERIFY

# CORE ENTITIES
ENTITY WeldingProcess
ENTITY WeldedJoint
ENTITY BaseMaterial
ENTITY FillerMaterial
ENTITY Electrode
ENTITY JointPreparation
ENTITY WeldingArc
ENTITY WeldingCurrent
ENTITY ArcVoltage
ENTITY TravelSpeed
ENTITY HeatInput
ENTITY ShieldingGas
ENTITY Flux
ENTITY WeldPool
ENTITY FusionZone
ENTITY HeatAffectedZone
ENTITY WeldMetal
ENTITY Penetration
ENTITY Solidification
ENTITY CoolingRate
ENTITY ResidualStress
ENTITY Distortion
ENTITY WeldingDefect
ENTITY Porosity
ENTITY SlagInclusion
ENTITY LackOfFusion
ENTITY IncompletePenetration
ENTITY Undercut
ENTITY Crack
ENTITY WeldingProcedure
ENTITY Inspection
ENTITY QualityRequirement

# SYSTEM / TYPES
WeldingProcess -> joins -> BaseMaterial + BaseMaterial
WeldingProcess -> produces -> WeldedJoint
WeldingProcess -> uses -> HeatSource
WeldingProcess -> may_use -> FillerMaterial + ShieldingGas + Flux
WELDING_PROCESS_TYPE := ARC_WELDING | RESISTANCE_WELDING | GAS_WELDING | LASER_BEAM_WELDING | ELECTRON_BEAM_WELDING | FRICTION_WELDING | FRICTION_STIR_WELDING
ARC_WELDING := GTAW | GMAW | SMAW | FCAW | SAW

# JOINT / MATERIAL
JOINT_TYPE := BUTT | LAP | T_JOINT | CORNER | EDGE
JointPreparation -> defines -> GROOVE + ROOT_GAP + BEVEL_ANGLE + ROOT_FACE
BaseMaterial -> has_property -> COMPOSITION + THICKNESS + THERMAL_CONDUCTIVITY + MELTING_RANGE + STRENGTH + HARDENABILITY + WELDABILITY
Weldability -> influences -> PROCESS_SELECTION + PREHEAT_REQUIREMENT + FILLER_SELECTION + POST_WELD_TREATMENT
FillerMaterial -> contributes_to -> WeldMetal

# ARC / HEAT INPUT
WeldingArc -> converts -> ELECTRICAL_ENERGY -> HEAT
WeldingCurrent -> influences -> MELTING_RATE + PENETRATION + HEAT_INPUT
ArcVoltage -> influences -> ARC_LENGTH + BEAD_GEOMETRY + HEAT_INPUT
TravelSpeed -> influences -> HEAT_INPUT_PER_UNIT_LENGTH + BEAD_GEOMETRY + PENETRATION
HeatInput := PROCESS_EFFICIENCY * ArcVoltage * WeldingCurrent / TravelSpeed
IF TravelSpeed increases AND voltage_current constant THEN HeatInputPerUnitLength -> DECREASES

# SHIELDING / WELD POOL
ShieldingGas -> protects -> WeldPool + HOT_WELD_METAL -> from -> ATMOSPHERIC_CONTAMINATION
Flux -> may_provide -> SHIELDING + SLAG_FORMATION + DEOXIDATION + ARC_STABILISATION
IF Shielding insufficient THEN PorosityAndOxidationRisk -> INCREASES
WeldPool -> contains -> MOLTEN_BASE_MATERIAL + MOLTEN_FILLER_MATERIAL
WeldPool -> solidifies_into -> WeldMetal

# FUSION / HAZ
FusionZone -> represents -> REGION_MELTED_DURING_WELDING
Penetration -> measures -> DEPTH_OF_FUSION
IF Penetration insufficient THEN IncompletePenetrationRisk -> INCREASES
Solidification -> transforms -> WeldPool -> WeldMetal
CoolingRate -> influences -> MICROSTRUCTURE + HARDNESS + RESIDUAL_STRESS + CRACKING_RISK
HeatAffectedZone -> located_adjacent_to -> FusionZone
ThermalCycle -> modifies -> HeatAffectedZoneMicrostructure

# PREHEAT / STRESS / DISTORTION
Preheat -> raises -> INITIAL_MATERIAL_TEMPERATURE
Preheat -> may_reduce -> CoolingRate + HYDROGEN_CRACKING_RISK
ResidualStress -> generated_by -> NONUNIFORM_HEATING + COOLING + RESTRAINT
Distortion -> results_from -> NONUNIFORM_THERMAL_EXPANSION + CONTRACTION
DISTORTION_TYPE := ANGULAR | LONGITUDINAL | TRANSVERSE | BOWING | BUCKLING
DistortionControl -> may_use -> FIXTURING + SEQUENCE_CONTROL + BALANCED_WELDING + HEAT_INPUT_CONTROL

# DEFECTS
WeldingDefect := Porosity | SlagInclusion | LackOfFusion | IncompletePenetration | Undercut | Crack | Spatter | BURN_THROUGH
Porosity -> may_result_from -> CONTAMINATION + MOISTURE + INADEQUATE_SHIELDING
SlagInclusion -> may_result_from -> INCOMPLETE_SLAG_REMOVAL + POOR_BEAD_PLACEMENT
LackOfFusion -> may_result_from -> INSUFFICIENT_HEAT + IMPROPER_TECHNIQUE + CONTAMINATION
Crack -> may_result_from -> RESIDUAL_STRESS + BRITTLE_MICROSTRUCTURE + HYDROGEN + SOLIDIFICATION_EFFECTS

# PROCEDURE / INSPECTION
WeldingProcedure -> defines -> PROCESS + MATERIAL + JOINT + FILLER + CURRENT + VOLTAGE + TRAVEL_SPEED + PREHEAT + INTERPASS_TEMPERATURE + SHIELDING + POSITION
WeldingProcedure -> controls -> REPEATABLE_WELDING_CONDITIONS
ProcedureQualification -> verifies -> WeldingProcedure
Inspection -> evaluates -> WeldedJoint
INSPECTION_METHOD := VISUAL | DIMENSIONAL | DYE_PENETRANT | MAGNETIC_PARTICLE | ULTRASONIC | RADIOGRAPHIC | LEAK_TEST | DESTRUCTIVE_TEST
Inspection -> detects_or_assesses -> WeldingDefect + WELD_GEOMETRY + INTERNAL_INTEGRITY + SURFACE_INTEGRITY

# QUALITY / PERFORMANCE
QualityRequirement -> constrains -> WeldedJoint
WELD_QUALITY := FUSION + PENETRATION + BEAD_GEOMETRY + DEFECT_LEVEL + MECHANICAL_PROPERTIES + DIMENSIONAL_CONFORMANCE
IF DefectLevel exceeds AcceptanceLimit THEN WeldState -> NONCONFORMING
WELDING_PERFORMANCE := DEPOSITION_RATE + TRAVEL_SPEED + HEAT_INPUT + DEFECT_RATE + DISTORTION + ENERGY_USE + JOINT_STRENGTH + PRODUCTIVITY
WeldingProcess -> evaluated_by -> WELDING_PERFORMANCE

# REASONING
WELDING_REASONING := DEFINE_JOINT_REQUIREMENT -> IDENTIFY_BASE_MATERIAL -> SELECT_PROCESS -> DESIGN_JOINT_PREPARATION -> SELECT_FILLER -> DEFINE_SHIELDING -> DEFINE_PREHEAT -> DEFINE_PARAMETERS -> CALCULATE_HEAT_INPUT -> EXECUTE_WELD -> CONTROL_INTERPASS_STATE -> MONITOR -> ASSESS_HAZ_AND_DISTORTION -> INSPECT -> VERIFY_ACCEPTANCE -> RECORD_TRACEABILITY -> OPTIMISE

# INFERENCE RULES
IF WeldingCurrent increases AND other_conditions constant THEN HeatInput -> GENERALLY_INCREASES
IF TravelSpeed increases AND current_voltage constant THEN HeatInputPerUnitLength -> DECREASES
IF ShieldingQuality decreases THEN PorosityRisk -> INCREASES
IF HeatInput increases THEN HeatAffectedZoneSize -> MAY_INCREASE
IF Restraint increases THEN ResidualStressRisk -> MAY_INCREASE
IF Penetration insufficient THEN JointConformance -> MAY_FAIL
IF Defect exceeds acceptance THEN WeldState -> NONCONFORMING

# SEMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS
RELATION joins(WeldingProcess, BaseMaterial)
RELATION contributes(FillerMaterial, WeldMetal)
RELATION generates(WeldingArc, Heat)
RELATION protects(ShieldingGas, WeldPool)
RELATION solidifies(WeldPool, WeldMetal)
RELATION modifies(ThermalCycle, HeatAffectedZone)
RELATION generates(ThermalCycle, ResidualStress)
RELATION causes(ResidualStress, Distortion)
RELATION defines(WeldingProcedure, WeldingParameters)
RELATION detects(Inspection, WeldingDefect)
RELATION constrains(QualityRequirement, WeldedJoint)

# SEMANTIC EQUIVALENCE
SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE:
  "welding" ~= "weld joining process"
  "base material" ~= "parent metal"
  "filler material" ~= "weld filler metal"
  "heat affected zone" ~= "HAZ"
  "gas metal arc welding" ~= "GMAW"
  "gas tungsten arc welding" ~= "GTAW"
  "shielded metal arc welding" ~= "SMAW"
  "flux cored arc welding" ~= "FCAW"
  "submerged arc welding" ~= "SAW"

# CONFIDENCE
CONFIDENCE:
  ontology_domain: 0.99
  process_mapping: 0.99
  joint_mapping: 0.99
  arc_parameter_mapping: 0.99
  heat_input_mapping: 0.99
  weld_pool_solidification_mapping: 0.99
  haz_stress_mapping: 0.99
  defect_mapping: 0.99
  inspection_quality_mapping: 0.99
  semantic_relationships: 0.99

# UPDATE MODEL
UPDATE_MODEL:
  ON new_welding_process:
    MAP base_material
    MAP joint_design
    MAP process_type
    MAP filler
    MAP shielding
    MAP procedure_parameters
    UPDATE confidence
    RECOMPUTE FLOW_HASH
  ON process_measurement:
    UPDATE current
    UPDATE voltage
    UPDATE travel_speed
    UPDATE temperature
    PRESERVE provenance
  ON inspection_result:
    UPDATE defect_state
    UPDATE weld_geometry
    UPDATE joint_conformance
    PRESERVE provenance

# AI CONSUMPTION
AI_CONSUMPTION:
  parse_as: FORMAL_WELDING_ONTOLOGY
  reasoning_mode: THERMAL_JOINING_PROCESS_RELATIONAL
  preserve: [typed_entities, material_identity, joint_geometry, welding_parameters, thermal_cycle, weld_and_haz_state, defect_state, quality_constraints, confidence, provenance]
  infer: [process_selection_dependencies, heat_input_dependencies, penetration_dependencies, haz_dependencies, residual_stress_and_distortion_risk, defect_risk, conformance_state]
  prohibit: [invented_welding_measurements, assumed_penetration, assumed_defect_free_state, unsupported_material_properties, fabricated_inspection_results, assumed_procedure_qualification]

# FLOW HASH
FLOW_HASH_INPUT := DOMAIN + ONTOLOGY + CORE_ENTITIES + SYSTEM_TYPES + JOINT_MATERIAL + ARC_HEAT_INPUT + SHIELDING_WELD_POOL + FUSION_HAZ + PREHEAT_STRESS_DISTORTION + DEFECTS + PROCEDURE_INSPECTION + QUALITY_PERFORMANCE + REASONING + INFERENCE_RULES + SEMANTIC_RELATIONSHIPS + SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE + CONFIDENCE + UPDATE_MODEL + AI_CONSUMPTION
FLOW_HASH := HASH(FLOW_HASH_INPUT)

END FLOW