Economics Domain Ontology

FLOW ALGEBRA
TITLE: Economics Domain Ontology
VERSION: 1.0
DOMAIN: Social Science Domains / Economics
SOURCE_URL: https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/domain-ontologies/social-science-domains/economics-domain-ontology.html
STATUS: Domain-derived draft; source page content not independently verified.

FLOW "EconomicsDomainOntology" v1.0

ONTOLOGY:
  id: economics_domain_ontology
  label: Economics Domain Ontology
  parent: social_science_domain_ontology
  scope: [microeconomics, macroeconomics, behavioural_economics, development_economics, international_economics, public_economics, econometrics]

ENTITY_TYPES:
  EconomicAgent: [id, kind, objectives, constraints]
  Household: [id, income, consumption, saving]
  Firm: [id, industry, inputs, outputs, costs]
  Government: [id, jurisdiction, revenue, expenditure]
  Market: [id, goods_or_services, geographic_scope, structure]
  GoodService: [id, category, substitutability, scarcity]
  Resource: [id, type, availability]
  Price: [id, amount, currency, unit, observation_date]
  Transaction: [id, buyer, seller, item, quantity, price, date]
  EconomicIndicator: [id, measure, value, unit, geography, period, methodology]
  Policy: [id, issuer, instrument, target, effective_period]
  Institution: [id, type, jurisdiction]
  Labour: [id, skills, hours, compensation]
  Capital: [id, kind, stock, depreciation]
  Currency: [id, code, issuing_authority]
  TradeFlow: [id, origin, destination, commodity, value, period]
  Dataset: [id, source, coverage, frequency, licence]
  EconomicModel: [id, assumptions, variables, method, limitations]

RELATIONSHIP_TYPES:
  PRODUCES: Firm -> GoodService
  CONSUMES: Household -> GoodService
  SUPPLIES: EconomicAgent -> Market
  DEMANDS: EconomicAgent -> Market
  EMPLOYS: Firm -> Labour
  USES_INPUT: Firm -> Resource
  PARTICIPATES_IN: EconomicAgent -> Market
  TRANSACTS_WITH: EconomicAgent -> EconomicAgent
  REGULATES: Government -> Market
  IMPLEMENTS: Government -> Policy
  MEASURES: EconomicIndicator -> EconomicPhenomenon
  MODELS: EconomicModel -> EconomicPhenomenon
  TRADES_WITH: EconomicAgent -> EconomicAgent
  INFLUENCES: Policy -> EconomicIndicator
  DEPENDS_ON: EconomicPhenomenon -> EconomicPhenomenon

DERIVED_TYPE:
  EconomicPhenomenon: [id, definition, geography, period]

RULES:
  R1: IF transaction.quantity > 0 AND transaction.price >= 0 THEN transaction.nominal_value = transaction.quantity * transaction.price.
  R2: IF nominal_value AND appropriate_price_index AND base_period THEN real_value = deflate(nominal_value, price_index, base_period).
  R3: IF market.quantity_demanded > market.quantity_supplied AT a specified price THEN classify(market, excess_demand, conditional_on_model).
  R4: IF market.quantity_supplied > market.quantity_demanded AT a specified price THEN classify(market, excess_supply, conditional_on_model).
  R5: IF observations contain comparable indicator values across periods THEN calculate(period_change) WITH unit_and_method_checks.
  R6: IF policy and outcome are temporally associated THEN record(association); DO_NOT_INFER(causation_without_identification_strategy).
  R7: IF economic_model assumptions are violated THEN flag(model_applicability_risk).

CONSTRAINTS:
  - Every quantitative assertion must specify units, geography, observation period, and source.
  - Separate nominal from real measures and stocks from flows.
  - Distinguish correlation, modelled effects, and established causal effects.
  - Do not assume markets, preferences, or agents are homogeneous.
  - Preserve uncertainty, revisions, missing data, and methodological differences.
  - Avoid treating economic forecasts as observed facts.

CONFIDENCE:
  scale: [0.0, 1.0]
  evidence_inputs: [source_quality, measurement_quality, methodological_fit, replication, uncertainty]
  rule: Confidence reflects evidence support, not political or normative preference.

SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE:
  - [GDP, gross_domestic_product] WHEN definition_and_accounting_basis_match
  - [CPI, consumer_price_index] WHEN jurisdiction_basket_and_base_match
  - [unemployment_rate, joblessness_rate] ONLY_WHEN operational_definitions_match
  - NOT_EQUIVALENT: [income, wealth]
  - NOT_EQUIVALENT: [nominal_GDP, real_GDP]
  - NOT_EQUIVALENT: [economic_growth, economic_development]

PROVENANCE:
  required: [source_uri, publisher, retrieval_date, observation_date, methodology, transformation_history]
  preserve_original_values: true

FLOW_HASH:
  algorithm: SHA-256
  input: canonical_serialisation(ONTOLOGY, ENTITY_TYPES, RELATIONSHIP_TYPES, RULES, CONSTRAINTS, VERSION)
  output: computed_at_ingestion
  note: Hash is a specification, not a precomputed digest.

UPDATE_MODEL:
  strategy: versioned_incremental
  triggers: [new_dataset, revised_indicator, changed_definition, new_evidence, ontology_revision]
  actions: [validate_schema, preserve_prior_version, recheck_rules, recalculate_derived_values, update_provenance, recompute_flow_hash]

AI_CONSUMPTION:
  representation: typed_semantic_graph
  tasks: [entity_resolution, retrieval, cross_domain_linking, explanation, qualified_inference, evidence_traceability]
  output_requirements: [claim, evidence, time_scope, geographic_scope, confidence, limitations]
  safeguards: [no_unsupported_causal_claims, no_fabricated_data, explicit_model_assumptions, neutrality_between_policy_preferences]

END FLOW