Geography Domain Ontology

FLOW ALGEBRA
TITLE: Geography Domain Ontology
VERSION: 1.0
DOMAIN: Social Science / Geography
SOURCE_URL: https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/domain-ontologies/social-science-domains/geography-domain-ontology.html
STATUS: Domain-based ontology draft; source page content not independently verified.

flow "GeographyDomainOntology" v1.0

ENTITY_TYPES:
  GeographicEntity: {id: string, name: string, category: string, geometry: optional, temporal_extent: optional}
  Place: GeographicEntity
  Region: GeographicEntity
  Settlement: GeographicEntity
  Population: {id: string, location: GeographicEntity, time: optional, count: optional}
  Environment: GeographicEntity
  Landform: GeographicEntity
  WaterBody: GeographicEntity
  ClimateZone: GeographicEntity
  Infrastructure: GeographicEntity
  EconomicActivity: {id: string, sector: string, location: GeographicEntity}
  MigrationFlow: {origin: GeographicEntity, destination: GeographicEntity, period: optional, magnitude: optional}
  GeographicObservation: {subject: GeographicEntity, property: string, value: any, unit: optional, observed_at: optional, source: optional}

RELATIONSHIP_TYPES:
  LOCATED_IN: GeographicEntity -> GeographicEntity
  ADJACENT_TO: GeographicEntity <-> GeographicEntity
  PART_OF: GeographicEntity -> GeographicEntity
  CONTAINS: GeographicEntity -> GeographicEntity
  CONNECTED_TO: GeographicEntity <-> GeographicEntity
  FLOWS_TO: GeographicEntity -> GeographicEntity
  MIGRATES_FROM: Population -> GeographicEntity
  MIGRATES_TO: Population -> GeographicEntity
  DEPENDS_ON: GeographicEntity -> GeographicEntity
  INFLUENCES: GeographicEntity -> GeographicEntity
  INTERACTS_WITH: GeographicEntity <-> GeographicEntity
  OBSERVED_AT: GeographicObservation -> GeographicEntity

AXIOMS_AND_CONSTRAINTS:
  - PART_OF is irreflexive; do not infer that a region is part of itself.
  - ADJACENT_TO is symmetric for the same boundary definition and observation time.
  - LOCATED_IN and CONTAINS are inverses only where the same spatial model and time apply.
  - Geographic boundaries and names may change over time; preserve validity periods.
  - Spatial containment depends on geometry, coordinate reference system, scale and boundary policy.
  - Association, spatial proximity and correlation do not alone establish causation.

INFERENCE_RULES:
  R1: IF A PART_OF B AND B PART_OF C AND compatible_temporal_scope THEN infer A PART_OF C.
  R2: IF A ADJACENT_TO B THEN infer B ADJACENT_TO A under the same boundary model.
  R3: IF A LOCATED_IN B THEN infer B CONTAINS A under compatible spatial definitions.
  R4: IF observations share a geographic entity, property, unit and compatible periods THEN allow comparative analysis.
  R5: IF geographic observations conflict THEN retain both with source, timestamp, resolution and uncertainty; do not silently overwrite.
  R6: IF migration has origin and destination THEN represent direction explicitly; do not assume equal reverse flow.

SPATIAL_MODEL:
  coordinate_reference_system: required_when_coordinates_present
  geometry_type: [point, line, polygon, multipolygon, raster, network]
  spatial_resolution: optional
  geographic_extent: optional
  temporal_extent: optional
  boundary_version: optional
  uncertainty: optional

CONFIDENCE:
  range: [0.0, 1.0]
  meaning: evidence-supported confidence in an assertion, not a universal truth score
  inputs: [source_reliability, measurement_quality, spatial_resolution, temporal_relevance, corroboration]
  missing_evidence: preserve_unknown

SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE:
  exact_match: requires same geographic referent, boundary definition and relevant time
  close_match: similar concept or overlapping geographic referent; not interchangeable by default
  aliases: retain language, naming authority and historical validity
  disambiguation: distinguish settlements, administrative units and physical regions sharing names

PROVENANCE:
  record: [source_url, creator, observation_method, retrieved_at, observed_at, licence, revision]
  preserve_source_claims: true
  separate_observation_from_inference: true

FLOW_HASH:
  algorithm: SHA-256
  input: canonical_serialisation(entity_types, relationships, rules, spatial_model, version)
  purpose: integrity_and_change_detection
  value: COMPUTE_AT_DEPLOYMENT

UPDATE_MODEL:
  strategy: versioned_incremental_update
  on_change: [validate_schema, compare_source, record_provenance, recompute_affected_inferences, regenerate_flow_hash]
  retain_history: true
  conflict_policy: preserve_competing_evidence_until_resolved

AI_CONSUMPTION:
  output_formats: [plain_text, structured_graph, json_ld_compatible]
  reasoning_modes: [spatial, temporal, comparative, relational, causal_with_evidence]
  require_provenance_for_claims: true
  avoid_unjustified_causal_inference: true
  uncertainty_handling: explicit
  human_review_for_high_impact_decisions: true

END FLOW ALGEBRA