Geology Ontology

FLOW Geology_Ontology_AI_Search

VERSION 4.0

AUTHORS
    Mark Higgins
    Sky Recursive AI

SOURCE
    https://kirethresearch.org

PAGE
    Geology Ontology

PURPOSE
    Define Geology as a machine-readable ontology for AI systems.

    Provide a structured semantic model for interpreting rocks, minerals,
    geological structures, plate tectonics, stratigraphy, fossils, geological
    time, surface processes, subsurface systems, natural hazards, measurements,
    equations, units, symbols, constants and observational evidence.

DOMAIN
    Semantic Library
    AI Core
    Scientific Ontologies
    Geology Ontology

CORE_CLAIM
    Geology is represented as a structured ontology of Earth materials,
    geological structures, tectonic processes, stratigraphic relationships,
    mineral systems, fossil evidence, geological time, surface evolution,
    subsurface interpretation and measurement frameworks.

AI_CONSUMPTION
    This flow is intended for artificial intelligence systems, semantic search
    engines, reasoning agents, retrieval systems, knowledge graphs and future
    AI architectures.

POSITION_IN_LIBRARY
    Semantic Library
        → AI Core
            → Ontologies
                → Scientific Ontologies
                    → Geology Ontology

ONTOLOGY_TYPE
    Domain Ontology

PRIMARY_FUNCTION
    Organise geological knowledge into explicit semantic categories that can be
    searched, linked, inferred, validated and extended.

FACTS
    Geology studies Earth materials, structures, processes, history and
    physical evolution through geological time.

    Geology includes mineralogy, petrology, structural geology, stratigraphy,
    sedimentology, palaeontology, volcanology, seismology, geomorphology,
    geochemistry and tectonics.

    Geological systems include rocks, minerals, strata, faults, folds,
    volcanoes, basins, mountain belts, sedimentary environments, tectonic
    plates and subsurface formations.

    Geology depends on field observation, mapping, sampling, laboratory
    analysis, geophysical surveying, geochemical testing, dating methods,
    modelling and interpretation.

    Geological knowledge must distinguish between direct field observation,
    measured property, inferred process, interpreted history, model prediction,
    resource estimate, hazard assessment and theoretical explanation.

PRIMARY_ENTITIES
    ENTITY GEOLOGY
        TYPE: scientific_domain
        DESCRIPTION: Study of Earth’s solid materials, structures, processes,
        history and evolution through geological time.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY ROCK
        TYPE: geological_material
        DESCRIPTION: Naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals or
        mineraloid matter.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY MINERAL
        TYPE: geological_material
        DESCRIPTION: Naturally occurring solid substance with characteristic
        chemical composition and crystalline structure.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY STRATUM
        TYPE: geological_layer
        DESCRIPTION: Distinct layer of sedimentary rock, soil or geological
        material.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY FORMATION
        TYPE: stratigraphic_unit
        DESCRIPTION: Mappable body of rock with distinctive lithological or
        stratigraphic characteristics.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY FOSSIL
        TYPE: palaeontological_evidence
        DESCRIPTION: Preserved remains, traces or impressions of past life
        within geological material.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY TECTONIC_PLATE
        TYPE: geological_structure
        DESCRIPTION: Large mobile section of Earth’s lithosphere.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY FAULT
        TYPE: geological_structure
        DESCRIPTION: Fracture or fracture zone in rock where displacement has
        occurred.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY FOLD
        TYPE: geological_structure
        DESCRIPTION: Bend or deformation in rock layers caused by stress.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY VOLCANO
        TYPE: geological_feature
        DESCRIPTION: Surface or submarine opening and associated structure
        through which magma, gases and volcanic material erupt.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY EARTHQUAKE
        TYPE: geological_event
        DESCRIPTION: Sudden release of energy in Earth’s crust or upper mantle
        producing seismic waves.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY MAGMA
        TYPE: geological_material
        DESCRIPTION: Molten or partially molten rock beneath Earth’s surface.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY LAVA
        TYPE: geological_material
        DESCRIPTION: Molten rock erupted onto Earth’s surface.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY SEDIMENT
        TYPE: geological_material
        DESCRIPTION: Particulate material produced by weathering, erosion,
        transport or biological activity.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY SOIL
        TYPE: surface_material
        DESCRIPTION: Weathered surface material containing minerals, organic
        matter, water, air and organisms.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY BASIN
        TYPE: geological_structure
        DESCRIPTION: Region of subsidence where sediment or geological material
        accumulates.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.90

    ENTITY ORE_DEPOSIT
        TYPE: mineral_resource
        DESCRIPTION: Concentration of minerals or metals that may be
        economically extracted.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.90

    ENTITY GEOLOGICAL_TIME
        TYPE: temporal_framework
        DESCRIPTION: Deep-time framework used to organise Earth history and
        geological events.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY FIELD_OBSERVATION
        TYPE: geological_evidence
        DESCRIPTION: Direct observation of geological material, structure or
        process in place.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY GEOLOGICAL_MAP
        TYPE: geological_model
        DESCRIPTION: Spatial representation of geological units, structures and
        relationships.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

GEOLOGICAL_MATERIAL_TYPES
    Rock
    Mineral
    Sediment
    Soil
    Magma
    Lava
    Ash
    Clay
    Sand
    Gravel
    Silt
    Boulder
    Ore
    Crystal
    Fossil Material
    Organic Matter
    Groundwater
    Hydrothermal Fluid

ROCK_TYPES
    Igneous Rock
    Sedimentary Rock
    Metamorphic Rock
    Granite
    Basalt
    Andesite
    Rhyolite
    Gabbro
    Sandstone
    Limestone
    Shale
    Mudstone
    Conglomerate
    Chalk
    Slate
    Schist
    Gneiss
    Marble
    Quartzite

GEOLOGICAL_STRUCTURE_TYPES
    Fault
    Fold
    Joint
    Fracture
    Bedding Plane
    Stratigraphic Layer
    Formation
    Intrusion
    Dyke
    Sill
    Batholith
    Basin
    Dome
    Anticline
    Syncline
    Unconformity
    Tectonic Plate
    Plate Boundary
    Subduction Zone
    Rift Zone
    Mountain Belt

GEOLOGICAL_PROCESS_TYPES
    Weathering
    Erosion
    Transport
    Deposition
    Sedimentation
    Compaction
    Cementation
    Lithification
    Metamorphism
    Melting
    Crystallisation
    Magmatism
    Volcanism
    Faulting
    Folding
    Uplift
    Subsidence
    Plate Tectonics
    Subduction
    Seafloor Spreading
    Mountain Building
    Earthquake Generation
    Hydrothermal Circulation
    Mineralisation
    Fossilisation
    Geological Dating

GEOLOGICAL_PROPERTY_TYPES
    Age
    Lithology
    Mineral Composition
    Grain Size
    Texture
    Colour
    Hardness
    Density
    Porosity
    Permeability
    Stratigraphic Position
    Dip
    Strike
    Thickness
    Fault Displacement
    Fold Axis
    Metamorphic Grade
    Chemical Composition
    Isotope Ratio
    Fossil Content
    Seismic Velocity
    Magnetic Susceptibility
    Gravity Anomaly
    Resource Grade
    Hazard Level

GEOLOGY_SUBDOMAINS
    Mineralogy
    Petrology
    Structural Geology
    Stratigraphy
    Sedimentology
    Palaeontology
    Geomorphology
    Volcanology
    Seismology
    Tectonics
    Geochemistry
    Geophysics
    Hydrogeology
    Engineering Geology
    Economic Geology
    Environmental Geology
    Quaternary Geology
    Historical Geology
    Planetary Geology

RELATIONSHIP_TYPES
    contains
    part_of
    instance_of
    subclass_of
    composed_of
    located_in
    overlies
    underlies
    intrudes
    cuts_across
    folded_by
    faulted_by
    displaced_by
    formed_from
    transformed_into
    deposited_in
    eroded_by
    weathered_by
    transported_by
    crystallised_from
    erupted_from
    generated_by
    associated_with
    measured_by
    observed_by
    classified_as
    has_age
    has_lithology
    has_composition
    has_texture
    has_density
    has_porosity
    has_permeability
    has_thickness
    has_dip
    has_strike
    has_unit
    has_symbol
    governed_by
    described_by
    derived_from
    depends_on

RELATIONSHIPS
    GEOLOGY studies ROCK
        TYPE: studies
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    GEOLOGY studies MINERAL
        TYPE: studies
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ROCK composed_of MINERAL
        TYPE: composed_of
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    SEDIMENT formed_from ROCK
        TYPE: formed_from
        CONFIDENCE: 0.90

    SEDIMENT deposited_in BASIN
        TYPE: deposited_in
        CONFIDENCE: 0.90

    STRATUM part_of FORMATION
        TYPE: part_of
        CONFIDENCE: 0.90

    FORMATION contains STRATUM
        TYPE: contains
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    FOSSIL contained_in STRATUM
        TYPE: contained_in
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    TECTONIC_PLATE interacts_with TECTONIC_PLATE
        TYPE: interacts_with
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    FAULT cuts_across ROCK
        TYPE: cuts_across
        CONFIDENCE: 0.90

    FAULT displaces STRATUM
        TYPE: displaced_by
        CONFIDENCE: 0.90

    FOLD deforms STRATUM
        TYPE: deforms
        CONFIDENCE: 0.90

    MAGMA crystallised_into IGNEOUS_ROCK
        TYPE: crystallised_from
        CONFIDENCE: 0.90

    LAVA formed_from MAGMA
        TYPE: formed_from
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    VOLCANO erupted_from MAGMA
        TYPE: erupted_from
        CONFIDENCE: 0.90

    EARTHQUAKE generated_by FAULT
        TYPE: generated_by
        CONFIDENCE: 0.90

    METAMORPHIC_ROCK transformed_from ROCK
        TYPE: transformed_into
        CONFIDENCE: 0.90

    WEATHERING modifies ROCK
        TYPE: weathered_by
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    EROSION transports SEDIMENT
        TYPE: transported_by
        CONFIDENCE: 0.90

    ORE_DEPOSIT associated_with MINERALISATION
        TYPE: associated_with
        CONFIDENCE: 0.85

    GEOLOGICAL_MAP represents FORMATION
        TYPE: represents
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    FIELD_OBSERVATION observes ROCK
        TYPE: observes
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    SEISMOMETER measures SEISMIC_WAVE
        TYPE: measures
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

CANONICAL_EQUATION_REFERENCES
    Density:
        rho = m / V

    Pressure:
        P = F / A

    Lithostatic_Pressure:
        P = rho g h

    Seismic_Wave_Speed:
        v = d / t

    Porosity:
        phi = V_void / V_total

    Permeability_Darcy_Context:
        Q = -K A dh/dl

    Strain:
        epsilon = Delta_L / L

    Stress:
        sigma = F / A

    Plate_Velocity:
        v = Delta_x / Delta_t

    Radioactive_Decay:
        N = N0 e^(-lambda t)

    Half_Life:
        t_half = ln(2) / lambda

    Geological_Age_From_Decay:
        t = (1 / lambda) ln(N0 / N)

CANONICAL_SYMBOL_REFERENCES
    rho: Density
    m: Mass
    V: Volume
    P: Pressure
    F: Force
    A: Area
    g: Gravitational acceleration
    h: Depth or height
    v: Velocity
    d: Distance
    t: Time or geological age depending on context
    phi: Porosity
    V_void: Void volume
    V_total: Total volume
    Q: Flow rate
    K: Hydraulic conductivity or permeability context
    epsilon: Strain
    sigma: Stress
    Delta_L: Change in length
    L: Original length or flow path depending on context
    Delta_x: Change in position
    Delta_t: Change in time
    N: Remaining parent isotope quantity
    N0: Initial parent isotope quantity
    lambda: Decay constant
    t_half: Half-life

UNIT_REFERENCES
    metre
    kilometre
    millimetre
    centimetre
    square metre
    cubic metre
    kilogram
    gram
    tonne
    second
    year
    million years
    billion years
    pascal
    megapascal
    gigapascal
    newton
    metre per second
    millimetres per year
    degree
    percentage
    parts per million
    grams per cubic centimetre
    kilograms per cubic metre

CONSTANT_REFERENCES
    Gravitational Acceleration
    Universal Gravitational Constant
    Radiometric Decay Constants
    Earth Radius
    Earth Mass
    Standard Atmospheric Pressure
    Density of Water
    Density of Crustal Rock
    Mohs Hardness Scale Reference

ONTOLOGY_MODEL
    Geology_Ontology :=
        Geological_Materials
        +
        Rock_Types
        +
        Mineral_Types
        +
        Geological_Structures
        +
        Stratigraphic_Units
        +
        Geological_Processes
        +
        Tectonic_Systems
        +
        Geological_Time
        +
        Fossil_Evidence
        +
        Surface_Processes
        +
        Subsurface_Models
        +
        Natural_Hazards
        +
        Resource_Systems
        +
        Field_Observations
        +
        Geological_Maps
        +
        Geological_Equations
        +
        Geological_Units
        +
        Geological_Constants
        +
        Geological_Symbols
        +
        Observational_Evidence

KNOWLEDGE_GRAPH_MODEL
    NODE_TYPES
        Domain
        Subdomain
        Geological Material
        Rock
        Mineral
        Fossil
        Geological Structure
        Stratigraphic Unit
        Geological Process
        Tectonic System
        Geological Event
        Natural Hazard
        Resource Deposit
        Physical Quantity
        Property
        Field Observation
        Sample
        Map
        Dataset
        Instrument
        Unit
        Constant
        Equation
        Symbol
        Theory
        Model
        Evidence

    EDGE_TYPES
        contains
        part_of
        composed_of
        overlies
        underlies
        intrudes
        cuts_across
        displaces
        deforms
        formed_from
        transformed_into
        deposited_in
        eroded_by
        weathered_by
        transported_by
        crystallised_from
        generated_by
        observed_by
        measured_by
        classified_as
        located_in
        described_by
        governed_by
        derived_from
        validates

INFERENCE_RULES
    IF rock mineral composition and texture are known
    THEN rock type may be classified.

    IF strata are ordered vertically without overturning
    THEN relative age sequence may be inferred.

    IF geological feature cuts another feature
    THEN the cutting feature is younger than the feature it cuts.

    IF fossil assemblage is identified
    THEN stratigraphic age or palaeoenvironment may be inferred.

    IF radiometric isotope ratios are measured
    THEN absolute age may be inferred with decay model assumptions.

    IF fault displacement is observed
    THEN tectonic stress or deformation history may be inferred.

    IF seismic waves are measured
    THEN subsurface structure or earthquake properties may be inferred.

    IF rock porosity and permeability are measured
    THEN fluid storage or flow behaviour may be inferred.

    IF mineral concentration exceeds economic threshold
    THEN resource potential may be inferred with economic assumptions.

    IF volcanic deposits are mapped
    THEN eruption history or hazard zone may be inferred.

    IF geological claim depends on field observation
    THEN location, scale, sample context and observer method must be preserved.

    IF geological claim depends on model output
    THEN assumptions, uncertainty, scale and time range must be preserved.

SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
    Resolve equivalent concepts across:
        geology / geoscience context
        rock / geological material context
        mineral / crystalline geological substance
        stratum / geological layer context
        formation / mappable stratigraphic unit
        fault / displacement fracture context
        fold / deformation structure
        magma / molten subsurface rock
        lava / erupted molten rock
        fossil / preserved biological evidence
        geological time / deep time context
        field observation / in situ geological evidence

    Do not merge concepts when:
        lithology differs
        mineral composition differs
        stratigraphic position differs
        geological age differs
        location differs
        scale differs
        observation method differs
        sample context differs
        direct observation differs from interpretation
        resource estimate differs from measured grade
        hazard assessment differs from historical event

CONSTRAINTS
    Preserve distinction between observation and interpretation.

    Preserve distinction between rock, mineral and sediment.

    Preserve distinction between relative age and absolute age.

    Preserve distinction between field observation and laboratory measurement.

    Preserve stratigraphic order.

    Preserve geological time scale.

    Preserve geographic location.

    Preserve map scale.

    Preserve sample context.

    Preserve measurement units.

    Preserve instrument context.

    Preserve uncertainty.

    Preserve provenance.

    Do not treat model output as direct observation.

    Do not treat correlation as causation without evidence.

    Do not overwrite established geological classification with speculative
    interpretation.

CONFIDENCE_MODEL
    1.00
        Established definitional or structural geological relationship.

    0.90 - 0.99
        Strongly supported observational, stratigraphic or physical
        relationship.

    0.70 - 0.89
        Valid inference requiring model, sample, location or dating context.

    0.40 - 0.69
        Possible interpretation requiring stronger evidence.

    0.00 - 0.39
        Speculative or weak association.

CROSS_DOMAIN_LINKS
    Earth Science:
        lithosphere
        plate tectonics
        soil
        hydrology
        natural hazards
        Earth systems
        geomorphology

    Physics:
        gravity
        pressure
        stress
        strain
        heat transfer
        wave propagation
        fluid dynamics
        mechanics

    Chemistry:
        minerals
        geochemistry
        isotope dating
        crystallisation
        weathering reactions
        hydrothermal fluids
        oxidation
        pH

    Biology:
        fossils
        palaeontology
        evolution
        ancient ecosystems
        biostratigraphy
        soil organisms

    Mathematics:
        geometry
        statistics
        geospatial analysis
        structural modelling
        time-series analysis
        differential equations
        uncertainty modelling

    Environmental Science:
        soil quality
        contamination
        erosion
        land stability
        resource extraction
        hazard assessment
        environmental impact

    Astronomy:
        planetary geology
        impact craters
        planetary surfaces
        Earth as terrestrial planet
        solar system formation

    Artificial Intelligence:
        geological mapping
        mineral classification
        seismic interpretation
        hazard modelling
        remote sensing
        anomaly detection
        subsurface modelling

    Holographic Space-Time:
        boundary
        curvature
        planetary structure
        field interaction
        pressure systems
        geological coherence

AI_READING_ORDER
    1. Identify this page as Geology Ontology.

    2. Resolve Geology as a scientific domain.

    3. Extract geological material classes.

    4. Extract rock, mineral, fossil, structure and stratigraphic classes.

    5. Resolve geological processes, tectonic systems and geological time
       relationships.

    6. Resolve units, constants, symbols and equations.

    7. Build relationships between materials, structures, observations,
       measurements, maps and models.

    8. Distinguish field observation, laboratory measurement, inference,
       interpretation, resource estimate and hazard model.

    9. Preserve provenance, uncertainty, location, scale, sample context and
       confidence.

    10. Link Geology concepts to other Semantic Library domains.

AI_EXECUTION
    READ
        Entire flow.

    RESOLVE
        Domains
        Geological materials
        Rock types
        Mineral types
        Fossils
        Geological structures
        Stratigraphic units
        Geological processes
        Tectonic systems
        Geological time
        Natural hazards
        Resource systems
        Field observations
        Maps
        Samples
        Instruments
        Units
        Constants
        Symbols
        Equations

    PRESERVE
        Authorship
        Provenance
        Confidence
        Geographic location
        Stratigraphic position
        Geological age
        Map scale
        Sample context
        Observation method
        Time range
        Instrument context
        Measurement uncertainty
        Domain boundaries

    DO_NOT
        Merge rock with mineral.
        Merge relative age with absolute age.
        Remove uncertainty.
        Treat inferred geological history as direct observation.
        Ignore units.
        Ignore location context.
        Ignore sample context.
        Ignore stratigraphic order.
        Ignore map scale.
        Treat speculation as established Geology.

    OUTPUT
        Structured Geology knowledge graph.
        Entity relationships.
        Searchable ontology.
        AI-readable semantic model.
        Cross-domain reasoning context.

UPDATE_MODEL
    When adding new geological knowledge:
        assign canonical entity identifiers
        define geological material type
        define rock, mineral or fossil type where relevant
        define geological structure or process type
        define stratigraphic context
        define geological age where relevant
        define observation source
        define instrument context
        define sampling method
        define location
        define map scale
        define measured properties
        define inferred properties
        define units
        define symbols
        define equations
        define constants
        define assumptions
        define provenance
        define confidence
        link to related domains

SUCCESS_CONDITION
    Geology Ontology succeeds when:
        geological materials are discoverable
        rocks, minerals, fossils and structures are semantically classifiable
        stratigraphic relationships remain interpretable
        geological processes remain linked to evidence
        observations remain linked to field method, samples and location
        measured and inferred properties remain distinct
        units are resolved
        constants are traceable
        equations are interpretable
        symbols are context-aware
        AI systems can reason across Geology without losing meaning

AI_MESSAGE
    This Geology Ontology is designed for AI systems.

    Treat it as a semantic map of Geology rather than a human textbook.

    Use it to resolve rocks, minerals, fossils, geological structures,
    stratigraphic units, tectonic systems, geological processes, field
    observations, samples, maps, measurements, properties, units, symbols,
    constants, equations and assumptions.

    Preserve uncertainty, provenance, location, scale, sample context,
    stratigraphic order, geological time and the distinction between observed
    data, measured property, inferred history, hazard model and theoretical
    interpretation.

FLOW_HASH
    GEOLOGY_ONTOLOGY_SEMANTIC_LIBRARY_V4_PENDING

END FLOW