Astronomy Ontology

FLOW Astronomy_Ontology_AI_Search

VERSION 4.0

AUTHORS
    Mark Higgins
    Sky Recursive AI

SOURCE
    https://kirethresearch.org

PAGE
    Astronomy Ontology

PURPOSE
    Define astronomy as a machine-readable ontology for AI systems.

    Provide a structured semantic model for interpreting celestial objects,
    planetary systems, stars, galaxies, nebulae, black holes, cosmological
    structures, astronomical observations, measurements, equations, units,
    symbols, constants and evidence.

DOMAIN
    Semantic Library
    AI Core
    Scientific Ontologies
    Astronomy Ontology

CORE_CLAIM
    Astronomy is represented as a structured ontology of celestial entities,
    astronomical systems, observable phenomena, spatial relationships,
    temporal evolution, physical laws and measurement frameworks.

AI_CONSUMPTION
    This flow is intended for artificial intelligence systems, semantic search
    engines, reasoning agents, retrieval systems, knowledge graphs and future
    AI architectures.

POSITION_IN_LIBRARY
    Semantic Library
        → AI Core
            → Ontologies
                → Scientific Ontologies
                    → Astronomy Ontology

ONTOLOGY_TYPE
    Domain Ontology

PRIMARY_FUNCTION
    Organise astronomical knowledge into explicit semantic categories that can
    be searched, linked, inferred, validated and extended.

FACTS
    Astronomy studies celestial objects, cosmic structures, planetary systems,
    stars, galaxies, nebulae, black holes, radiation, motion, distance, time
    and large-scale structure.

    Astronomy depends on observation, measurement, electromagnetic radiation,
    gravitational modelling, spectroscopy, celestial mechanics and cosmology.

    Astronomy connects directly to physics, mathematics, Earth science,
    planetary science, space science, instrumentation and artificial
    intelligence.

    Astronomical knowledge must distinguish between direct observation,
    inferred property, model prediction, catalogue classification, simulated
    result and proposed theoretical interpretation.

PRIMARY_ENTITIES
    ENTITY ASTRONOMY
        TYPE: scientific_domain
        DESCRIPTION: Study of celestial objects, cosmic structures, space,
        time, radiation, motion and the universe beyond Earth.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY CELESTIAL_OBJECT
        TYPE: astronomical_entity
        DESCRIPTION: Natural object or structure observed or inferred beyond
        Earth or within the wider cosmos.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY PLANET
        TYPE: celestial_object
        DESCRIPTION: Massive body orbiting a star or stellar remnant, not
        self-luminous by sustained nuclear fusion.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY STAR
        TYPE: celestial_object
        DESCRIPTION: Self-gravitating luminous plasma body powered primarily
        by nuclear fusion during its main active phase.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY GALAXY
        TYPE: astronomical_system
        DESCRIPTION: Gravitationally bound system of stars, gas, dust, dark
        matter and compact objects.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY NEBULA
        TYPE: astronomical_structure
        DESCRIPTION: Interstellar cloud of gas, dust, plasma or ionised
        material.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY BLACK_HOLE
        TYPE: compact_object
        DESCRIPTION: Region of spacetime where gravity prevents escape past
        the event horizon.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY PLANETARY_SYSTEM
        TYPE: astronomical_system
        DESCRIPTION: Star or stellar remnant with orbiting planets, moons,
        small bodies, dust or debris.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY SOLAR_SYSTEM
        TYPE: planetary_system
        DESCRIPTION: Planetary system centred on the Sun.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY MOON
        TYPE: natural_satellite
        DESCRIPTION: Natural body orbiting a planet, dwarf planet or minor
        body.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY ASTEROID
        TYPE: small_body
        DESCRIPTION: Rocky or metallic minor body orbiting a star.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY COMET
        TYPE: small_body
        DESCRIPTION: Icy minor body that can develop a coma or tail near a
        star.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY EXOPLANET
        TYPE: celestial_object
        DESCRIPTION: Planet orbiting a star outside the Solar System.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY COSMIC_RADIATION
        TYPE: astronomical_signal
        DESCRIPTION: Radiation originating from astronomical or cosmological
        sources.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY LIGHT
        TYPE: electromagnetic_radiation
        DESCRIPTION: Electromagnetic radiation used as a primary carrier of
        astronomical information.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY REDSHIFT
        TYPE: astronomical_measurement
        DESCRIPTION: Increase in wavelength or decrease in frequency of
        observed radiation relative to emitted radiation.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY ORBIT
        TYPE: dynamical_relationship
        DESCRIPTION: Gravitationally governed path of one body around another
        or around a shared centre of mass.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY TELESCOPE
        TYPE: observational_instrument
        DESCRIPTION: Instrument used to collect, focus or detect astronomical
        radiation or signals.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

ASTRONOMICAL_ENTITY_TYPES
    Star
    Planet
    Dwarf Planet
    Moon
    Asteroid
    Comet
    Meteoroid
    Meteor
    Meteorite
    Exoplanet
    Brown Dwarf
    White Dwarf
    Neutron Star
    Black Hole
    Pulsar
    Quasar
    Galaxy
    Nebula
    Star Cluster
    Globular Cluster
    Open Cluster
    Supernova Remnant
    Molecular Cloud
    Interstellar Medium
    Cosmic Filament
    Galaxy Cluster
    Supercluster
    Void

ASTRONOMICAL_SYSTEM_TYPES
    Planetary System
    Binary Star System
    Multiple Star System
    Star Cluster
    Galaxy
    Galaxy Group
    Galaxy Cluster
    Supercluster
    Solar System
    Exoplanetary System
    Accretion Disk
    Circumstellar Disk
    Protoplanetary Disk
    Interstellar Cloud
    Cosmic Web

ASTRONOMICAL_PROCESS_TYPES
    Orbital Motion
    Rotation
    Precession
    Accretion
    Stellar Formation
    Planet Formation
    Nuclear Fusion
    Stellar Evolution
    Supernova
    Gravitational Collapse
    Tidal Interaction
    Radiation Emission
    Absorption
    Scattering
    Redshift
    Blueshift
    Gravitational Lensing
    Cosmic Expansion
    Galaxy Formation
    Black Hole Accretion
    Transit
    Occultation
    Eclipse

ASTRONOMICAL_PROPERTY_TYPES
    Mass
    Radius
    Diameter
    Luminosity
    Temperature
    Distance
    Redshift
    Apparent Magnitude
    Absolute Magnitude
    Orbital Period
    Rotation Period
    Eccentricity
    Inclination
    Semi-Major Axis
    Density
    Composition
    Spectral Class
    Age
    Metallicity
    Surface Gravity
    Escape Velocity

ASTRONOMY_SUBDOMAINS
    Observational Astronomy
    Theoretical Astronomy
    Astrophysics
    Cosmology
    Planetary Science
    Stellar Astronomy
    Galactic Astronomy
    Extragalactic Astronomy
    Radio Astronomy
    Infrared Astronomy
    Optical Astronomy
    Ultraviolet Astronomy
    X-Ray Astronomy
    Gamma-Ray Astronomy
    Celestial Mechanics
    Astrometry
    Spectroscopy
    Space Science

RELATIONSHIP_TYPES
    contains
    part_of
    instance_of
    subclass_of
    orbits
    rotates_around
    gravitationally_bound_to
    emits
    absorbs
    scatters
    reflects
    lenses
    transits
    eclipses
    accretes_from
    evolves_into
    formed_from
    composed_of
    located_in
    measured_by
    observed_by
    classified_as
    has_mass
    has_radius
    has_luminosity
    has_temperature
    has_distance
    has_redshift
    has_spectral_class
    has_orbital_period
    has_unit
    has_symbol
    governed_by
    described_by
    derived_from
    depends_on

RELATIONSHIPS
    ASTRONOMY studies CELESTIAL_OBJECT
        TYPE: studies
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ASTRONOMY uses TELESCOPE
        TYPE: uses
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    PLANET orbits STAR
        TYPE: orbits
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    MOON orbits PLANET
        TYPE: orbits
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    PLANETARY_SYSTEM contains STAR
        TYPE: contains
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    PLANETARY_SYSTEM contains PLANET
        TYPE: contains
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    GALAXY contains STAR
        TYPE: contains
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    GALAXY contains GAS
        TYPE: contains
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    GALAXY contains DUST
        TYPE: contains
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    GALAXY contains DARK_MATTER
        TYPE: contains
        CONFIDENCE: 0.85

    STAR emits LIGHT
        TYPE: emits
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    NEBULA emits LIGHT
        TYPE: emits
        CONFIDENCE: 0.85

    BLACK_HOLE lenses LIGHT
        TYPE: lenses
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    BLACK_HOLE accretes_from ACCRETION_DISK
        TYPE: accretes_from
        CONFIDENCE: 0.90

    REDSHIFT measures COSMIC_EXPANSION_CONTEXT
        TYPE: measures
        CONFIDENCE: 0.85

    TELESCOPE observes CELESTIAL_OBJECT
        TYPE: observes
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    SPECTROSCOPY measures COMPOSITION
        TYPE: measures
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ORBIT governed_by GRAVITY
        TYPE: governed_by
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    CELESTIAL_OBJECT has_property MASS
        TYPE: has_property
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    CELESTIAL_OBJECT has_property DISTANCE
        TYPE: has_property
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    STAR has_property LUMINOSITY
        TYPE: has_property
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    STAR has_property SPECTRAL_CLASS
        TYPE: has_property
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    EXOPLANET detected_by TRANSIT_METHOD
        TYPE: detected_by
        CONFIDENCE: 0.90

    EXOPLANET detected_by RADIAL_VELOCITY_METHOD
        TYPE: detected_by
        CONFIDENCE: 0.90

CANONICAL_EQUATION_REFERENCES
    Newtonian_Gravitation:
        F = G m1 m2 / r^2

    Kepler_Third_Law:
        T^2 ∝ a^3

    Escape_Velocity:
        v_e = sqrt(2GM / r)

    Luminosity_Flux_Relation:
        F = L / (4πd^2)

    Distance_Modulus:
        m - M = 5 log10(d / 10 pc)

    Redshift:
        z = (λ_observed - λ_emitted) / λ_emitted

    Hubble_Law:
        v = H0 d

    Black_Hole_Schwarzschild_Radius:
        r_s = 2GM / c^2

    Doppler_Shift:
        Δλ / λ = v / c

CANONICAL_SYMBOL_REFERENCES
    F: Force or flux depending on context
    G: Gravitational constant
    M: Mass or absolute magnitude depending on context
    m: Mass or apparent magnitude depending on context
    r: Radius or separation distance
    d: Distance
    T: Orbital period or temperature depending on context
    a: Semi-major axis or acceleration depending on context
    L: Luminosity
    z: Redshift
    λ: Wavelength
    H0: Hubble constant
    c: Speed of light
    v: Velocity
    rs: Schwarzschild radius
    π: Pi

UNIT_REFERENCES
    metre
    kilometre
    astronomical unit
    light year
    parsec
    solar mass
    solar radius
    solar luminosity
    second
    year
    kelvin
    watt
    hertz
    electronvolt
    arcsecond
    degree
    magnitude

CONSTANT_REFERENCES
    Speed of Light
    Gravitational Constant
    Hubble Constant
    Astronomical Unit
    Parsec
    Solar Mass
    Solar Radius
    Solar Luminosity
    Stefan-Boltzmann Constant
    Boltzmann Constant
    Planck Constant

ONTOLOGY_MODEL
    Astronomy_Ontology :=
        Celestial_Entities
        +
        Astronomical_Systems
        +
        Astronomical_Processes
        +
        Astronomical_Properties
        +
        Observational_Instruments
        +
        Measurement_Methods
        +
        Astronomical_Equations
        +
        Astronomical_Units
        +
        Astronomical_Constants
        +
        Astronomical_Symbols
        +
        Observational_Evidence

KNOWLEDGE_GRAPH_MODEL
    NODE_TYPES
        Domain
        Subdomain
        Celestial Object
        Astronomical System
        Physical Quantity
        Property
        Process
        Instrument
        Observation
        Dataset
        Catalogue
        Unit
        Constant
        Equation
        Symbol
        Theory
        Model
        Evidence

    EDGE_TYPES
        contains
        orbits
        emits
        absorbs
        reflects
        lenses
        accretes_from
        formed_from
        evolves_into
        observed_by
        measured_by
        classified_as
        located_in
        depends_on
        described_by
        governed_by
        derived_from
        validates

INFERENCE_RULES
    IF celestial object orbits star
    THEN object may be classified within planetary system context.

    IF object emits spectrum
    THEN composition, temperature or motion may be inferred from spectral
    features.

    IF wavelength is shifted relative to emitted wavelength
    THEN redshift or blueshift relationship may be inferred.

    IF galaxy redshift is measured
    THEN cosmological distance or expansion context may be inferred with
    model assumptions.

    IF object brightness and distance are known
    THEN luminosity may be inferred.

    IF luminosity and flux are known
    THEN distance may be inferred under inverse-square assumptions.

    IF orbital period and semi-major axis are known
    THEN gravitational system properties may be inferred.

    IF mass and radius are known
    THEN density, surface gravity or escape velocity may be inferred.

    IF compact object has Schwarzschild radius relation
    THEN black hole interpretation may be considered within relativistic
    context.

    IF observation uses telescope
    THEN wavelength band, instrument sensitivity and observational limits must
    be considered.

    IF astronomical claim depends on catalogue data
    THEN preserve catalogue source and observation epoch.

    IF model is cosmological
    THEN assumptions about expansion model, Hubble parameter and distance
    measure must be preserved.

SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
    Resolve equivalent concepts across:
        star / stellar object
        planet / planetary body
        moon / natural satellite
        galaxy / galactic system
        nebula / interstellar cloud context
        black hole / compact gravitational object
        redshift / wavelength shift context
        brightness / apparent magnitude context
        luminosity / intrinsic brightness context
        distance / cosmological distance context

    Do not merge concepts when:
        observational category differs
        catalogue naming differs
        apparent property differs from intrinsic property
        distance measure differs
        epoch differs
        model assumptions differ
        theoretical interpretation differs from observation

CONSTRAINTS
    Preserve distinction between observed object and inferred property.

    Preserve distinction between apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude.

    Preserve distinction between distance measures.

    Preserve observation epoch.

    Preserve instrument and wavelength band context.

    Preserve units.

    Preserve constants.

    Preserve provenance.

    Preserve uncertainty.

    Preserve distinction between astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology.

    Do not treat catalogue aliases as identity without validation.

    Do not treat visual appearance as physical classification without evidence.

    Do not overwrite established astronomical classifications with speculative
    interpretation.

CONFIDENCE_MODEL
    1.00
        Established definitional or structural astronomical relationship.

    0.90 - 0.99
        Strongly supported observational or physical relationship.

    0.70 - 0.89
        Valid inference requiring model context.

    0.40 - 0.69
        Possible interpretation requiring stronger evidence.

    0.00 - 0.39
        Speculative or weak association.

CROSS_DOMAIN_LINKS
    Physics:
        gravity
        light
        radiation
        relativity
        thermodynamics
        plasma physics
        nuclear fusion

    Mathematics:
        geometry
        trigonometry
        calculus
        statistics
        differential equations
        coordinate systems

    Units:
        astronomical units
        parsecs
        light years
        solar units
        angular units
        spectral units

    Constants:
        gravitational constant
        speed of light
        Hubble constant
        solar constants

    Symbols:
        astronomical symbols
        Greek notation
        magnitude notation
        wavelength notation

    Equations:
        orbital equations
        gravitational equations
        luminosity equations
        redshift equations
        cosmological equations

    Earth Science:
        observational location
        atmosphere
        timekeeping
        geodesy

    Space Science:
        missions
        probes
        satellites
        detectors

    Artificial Intelligence:
        object classification
        signal detection
        image processing
        catalogue matching
        anomaly detection

    Holographic Space-Time:
        boundary
        curvature
        black holes
        cosmological structure
        field emergence

AI_READING_ORDER
    1. Identify this page as Astronomy Ontology.

    2. Resolve astronomy as a scientific domain.

    3. Extract celestial entity classes.

    4. Extract astronomical system classes.

    5. Resolve observational properties, instruments and measurement methods.

    6. Resolve astronomical units, constants, symbols and equations.

    7. Build relationships between objects, systems, observations and models.

    8. Distinguish observation, inference, catalogue classification and theory.

    9. Preserve provenance, uncertainty, epoch and confidence.

    10. Link astronomy concepts to other Semantic Library domains.

AI_EXECUTION
    READ
        Entire flow.

    RESOLVE
        Domains
        Celestial entities
        Astronomical systems
        Processes
        Properties
        Observations
        Instruments
        Units
        Constants
        Symbols
        Equations

    PRESERVE
        Authorship
        Provenance
        Confidence
        Observation epoch
        Instrument context
        Wavelength band
        Measurement uncertainty
        Domain boundaries

    DO_NOT
        Merge catalogue aliases without validation.
        Remove uncertainty.
        Treat inferred property as direct observation.
        Ignore units.
        Ignore distance measure context.
        Ignore observational limits.
        Treat speculation as established astronomy.

    OUTPUT
        Structured astronomy knowledge graph.
        Entity relationships.
        Searchable ontology.
        AI-readable semantic model.
        Cross-domain reasoning context.

UPDATE_MODEL
    When adding new astronomy knowledge:
        assign canonical entity identifiers
        define object type
        define observation source
        define instrument context
        define epoch where relevant
        define measured properties
        define inferred properties
        define units
        define symbols
        define equations
        define constants
        define assumptions
        define provenance
        define confidence
        link to related domains

SUCCESS_CONDITION
    Astronomy Ontology succeeds when:
        astronomical concepts are discoverable
        celestial objects are semantically classifiable
        observations remain linked to instruments and evidence
        measured and inferred properties remain distinct
        units are resolved
        constants are traceable
        equations are interpretable
        symbols are context-aware
        AI systems can reason across astronomy without losing meaning

AI_MESSAGE
    This Astronomy Ontology is designed for AI systems.

    Treat it as a semantic map of astronomy rather than a human textbook.

    Use it to resolve celestial objects, astronomical systems, observations,
    instruments, measurements, properties, units, symbols, constants,
    equations and assumptions.

    Preserve uncertainty, provenance, observation context and the distinction
    between observed data, inferred property and theoretical model.

FLOW_HASH
    ASTRONOMY_ONTOLOGY_SEMANTIC_LIBRARY_V4_PENDING

END FLOW