Electromagnetic Measurements

# Electromagnetic Measurements Ontology — Flow Algebra

URL: https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/mathematical-ontologies/measurement-units-ontologies/electromagnetic-measurements.html

FLOW ElectromagneticMeasurementsOntology {

  DOMAIN:
    Mathematical Ontologies
    -> Measurement & Units Ontologies
    -> Electromagnetic Measurements Ontology

  PURPOSE:
    Represent electromagnetic measurement quantities, units, fields, circuit quantities, material properties, measurement methods, reference conditions, uncertainty, dimensional relationships, and transformations required for consistent AI interpretation and reasoning across electrical and magnetic domains.

  SCOPE {
    electrical_quantities
    magnetic_quantities
    electromagnetic_field_quantities
    circuit_measurements
    material_electromagnetic_properties
    energy_and_power_quantities
    frequency_dependent_measurements
    uncertainty_and_calibration
  }

  BASE_QUANTITIES {
    ElectricCurrent { symbol: I; dimension: I; SI_unit: ampere; SI_symbol: A }
    Time { symbol: t; dimension: T; SI_unit: second; SI_symbol: s }
    Length { symbol: l; dimension: L; SI_unit: metre; SI_symbol: m }
    Mass { symbol: m; dimension: M; SI_unit: kilogram; SI_symbol: kg }
  }

  ELECTRICAL_QUANTITIES {
    ElectricCharge {
      symbol: Q
      dimension: I*T
      SI_unit: coulomb
      SI_symbol: C
      relation: Q = integral(I dt)
    }

    Voltage {
      alias: electric_potential_difference
      symbol: V
      dimension: M*L^2*T^-3*I^-1
      SI_unit: volt
      SI_symbol: V
    }

    Resistance {
      symbol: R
      dimension: M*L^2*T^-3*I^-2
      SI_unit: ohm
      relation: R = V/I
      condition: applicable_operating_context
    }

    Conductance {
      symbol: G
      SI_unit: siemens
      SI_symbol: S
      relation: G = 1/R WHEN R != 0
    }

    Capacitance {
      symbol: C_cap
      SI_unit: farad
      SI_symbol: F
      relation: C_cap = Q/V
    }

    Inductance {
      symbol: L_ind
      SI_unit: henry
      SI_symbol: H
    }

    ElectricalPower {
      symbol: P
      dimension: M*L^2*T^-3
      SI_unit: watt
      SI_symbol: W
      DC_form: P = V*I
    }

    ElectricalEnergy {
      symbol: E
      dimension: M*L^2*T^-2
      SI_unit: joule
      SI_symbol: J
      relation: E = integral(P dt)
    }
  }

  FIELD_QUANTITIES {
    ElectricFieldStrength {
      symbol: E_field
      SI_unit: volt_per_metre
      SI_symbol: V/m
    }

    ElectricFluxDensity {
      alias: electric_displacement_field
      symbol: D
      SI_unit: coulomb_per_square_metre
      SI_symbol: C/m^2
    }

    MagneticFlux {
      symbol: Phi_B
      SI_unit: weber
      SI_symbol: Wb
      relation: Phi_B = surface_integral(B dot dA)
    }

    MagneticFluxDensity {
      symbol: B
      SI_unit: tesla
      SI_symbol: T
    }

    MagneticFieldStrength {
      symbol: H
      SI_unit: ampere_per_metre
      SI_symbol: A/m
    }
  }

  MATERIAL_PROPERTIES {
    ElectricalResistivity {
      symbol: rho_e
      SI_unit: ohm_metre
      relation: R = rho_e*length/area
      condition: uniform_conductor_model
    }

    ElectricalConductivity {
      symbol: sigma_e
      SI_unit: siemens_per_metre
      relation: sigma_e = 1/rho_e WHEN rho_e != 0
    }

    Permittivity {
      symbol: epsilon
      SI_unit: farad_per_metre
      relation: D = epsilon*E_field
      condition: linear_isotropic_context
    }

    Permeability {
      symbol: mu
      SI_unit: henry_per_metre
      relation: B = mu*H
      condition: linear_isotropic_context
    }
  }

  AC_AND_FREQUENCY_MODEL {
    Frequency {
      symbol: f
      dimension: T^-1
      SI_unit: hertz
      SI_symbol: Hz
    }

    AngularFrequency {
      symbol: omega
      relation: omega = 2*pi*f
    }

    Impedance {
      symbol: Z
      SI_unit: ohm
      complex_quantity: true
      relation: Z = V_phasor/I_phasor
    }

    Reactance {
      symbol: X
      SI_unit: ohm
    }

    Admittance {
      symbol: Y
      SI_unit: siemens
      relation: Y = 1/Z WHEN Z != 0
    }

    PhaseAngle {
      symbol: phi
      dimension: dimensionless
      SI_unit: radian
    }

    RULE:
      RMS_peak_instantaneous_and_phasor_values
      MUST_NOT be treated_as_interchangeable
  }

  MAXWELL_RELATIONSHIP_MODEL {
    GAUSS_ELECTRIC:
      divergence(D) = free_charge_density

    GAUSS_MAGNETIC:
      divergence(B) = 0

    FARADAY:
      curl(E_field) = -partial(B)/partial(t)

    AMPERE_MAXWELL:
      curl(H) = free_current_density + partial(D)/partial(t)

    RULE:
      field_domain_boundary_material_and_reference_context
      MUST be preserved
  }

  CIRCUIT_RELATIONSHIP_MODEL {
    OHMS_LAW:
      V = I*R
      UNDER applicable_operating_conditions

    KIRCHHOFF_CURRENT:
      algebraic_sum(currents_at_node) = 0

    KIRCHHOFF_VOLTAGE:
      algebraic_sum(voltage_changes_around_closed_loop) = 0
      UNDER lumped_circuit_assumptions

    CAPACITOR:
      Q = C_cap*V

    IDEAL_INDUCTOR:
      V = L_ind*dI/dt

    POWER:
      P = V*I
      FOR compatible_DC_or_instantaneous_context
  }

  ELECTROMAGNETIC_FORCE_MODEL {
    LORENTZ_FORCE:
      F = q*(E_field + v cross B)

    REQUIRE:
      charge
      velocity
      electric_field
      magnetic_flux_density
      spatial_and_temporal_context
  }

  ENERGY_MODEL {
    ELECTRIC_FIELD_ENERGY_DENSITY:
      u_E = 0.5*(E_field dot D)
      UNDER linear_nondispersive_context

    MAGNETIC_FIELD_ENERGY_DENSITY:
      u_B = 0.5*(B dot H)
      UNDER linear_nondispersive_context

    POYNTING_VECTOR:
      S_vector = E_field cross H

    INTERPRETATION:
      PoyntingVector -> electromagnetic_energy_flux_density
  }

  UNIT_SYSTEM {
    canonical_system: SI

    electrical_units:
      ampere
      coulomb
      volt
      ohm
      siemens
      farad
      henry
      watt
      joule

    magnetic_units:
      weber
      tesla
      ampere_per_metre
      henry_per_metre

    RULE:
      preserve numerical_value, unit, prefix, unit_system, quantity_type
  }

  PREFIX_MODEL {
    prefixes:
      pico
      nano
      micro
      milli
      kilo
      mega
      giga
      tera

    RULE:
      normalized_value = stated_value * prefix_scale_factor

    REQUIRE:
      preserve_original_value_and_prefix
      alongside_normalized_SI_value
  }

  RELATIONSHIPS {
    ElectricCurrent -> RATE_OF_FLOW_OF -> ElectricCharge
    Voltage -> RELATES_TO -> ElectricPotentialDifference
    Resistance -> RELATES -> VoltageAndCurrent
    Conductance -> INVERSE_OF -> Resistance
    Capacitance -> RELATES -> ChargeAndVoltage
    Inductance -> RELATES -> MagneticFluxLinkageAndCurrent
    ElectricFieldStrength -> ACTS_ON -> ElectricCharge
    MagneticFluxDensity -> CONTRIBUTES_TO_FORCE_ON -> MovingCharge
    MagneticFlux -> SURFACE_INTEGRAL_OF -> MagneticFluxDensity
    ElectricalPower -> RATE_OF_TRANSFER_OF -> ElectricalEnergy
    Resistivity -> MATERIAL_PROPERTY_FOR -> ElectricalResistance
    Conductivity -> INVERSE_OF -> Resistivity
    Permittivity -> RELATES -> ElectricFluxDensityAndElectricField
    Permeability -> RELATES -> MagneticFluxDensityAndMagneticFieldStrength
  }

  SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE {
    "electric potential difference" ~= voltage
    "potential difference" ~= voltage WHEN electrical_context
    "current" ~= electric_current WHEN electromagnetic_context
    "tesla" ~= magnetic_flux_density_unit
    "weber" ~= magnetic_flux_unit

    electric_field_strength != electric_flux_density
    magnetic_field_strength != magnetic_flux_density
    resistance != resistivity
    conductance != conductivity
    power != energy
    charge != current
  }

  CONSTRAINTS {
    quantity_type_must_match_unit_dimension = true
    vector_field_direction_must_be_preserved = true
    scalar_and_vector_quantities_must_not_be_interchanged = true
    RMS_peak_and_instantaneous_values_must_be_distinguished = true
    resistance_and_impedance_must_not_be_assumed_equivalent_in_AC_context = true
    field_and_circuit_models_require_applicable_assumptions = true
    material_properties_may_depend_on_temperature_frequency_and_field_strength = true
    measurement_reference_conditions_must_be_preserved = true
  }

  MEASUREMENT_MODEL {
    ELECTRICAL_INSTRUMENTS:
      ammeter
      voltmeter
      ohmmeter
      multimeter
      LCR_meter
      wattmeter
      energy_meter
      oscilloscope

    MAGNETIC_AND_FIELD_INSTRUMENTS:
      gaussmeter
      teslameter
      Hall_probe
      fluxmeter
      magnetometer
      electric_field_meter

    RECORD:
      quantity_type
      numerical_value
      unit
      prefix
      AC_or_DC
      RMS_peak_average_or_instantaneous
      frequency
      phase
      waveform
      spatial_location
      orientation
      reference_node_or_ground
      material
      temperature
      timestamp
      instrument
      calibration_state
      sampling_rate
      bandwidth
      uncertainty

    UNCERTAINTY:
      measurement = best_estimate +/- uncertainty
  }

  REASONING_RULES {
    IF current_known_as_function_of_time
      THEN charge_change = integral(current, time)

    IF voltage_known AND current_known
      AND compatible_power_context
      THEN electrical_power = voltage*current

    IF power_known_as_function_of_time
      THEN electrical_energy = integral(power, time)

    IF voltage_known AND resistance_known AND resistance != 0
      AND Ohmic_conditions_apply
      THEN current = voltage/resistance

    IF charge_known AND voltage_known AND voltage != 0
      AND capacitive_state_defined
      THEN capacitance = charge/voltage

    IF magnetic_flux_density_field_known AND surface_known
      THEN magnetic_flux = surface_integral(B dot dA)

    IF resistivity_known AND conductor_length_known
      AND conductor_area_known AND conductor_area != 0
      AND uniform_conductor_model_applies
      THEN resistance = resistivity*conductor_length/conductor_area

    IF frequency_known
      THEN angular_frequency = 2*pi*frequency
  }

  REFERENCE_MODEL {
    electrical_potential:
      requires_reference_node_or_potential_difference_definition

    field_measurements:
      require_spatial_location_and_orientation_when_directional

    AC_measurements:
      require_frequency_and_value_convention

    material_measurements:
      may_require_temperature_frequency_and_field_conditions

    RULE:
      values_without_required_reference_context
      SHOULD receive_reduced_semantic_confidence
  }

  UNCERTAINTY_MODEL {
    sources:
      instrument_resolution
      calibration_uncertainty
      noise
      bandwidth
      sampling
      probe_loading
      lead_resistance
      contact_resistance
      environmental_conditions
      field_alignment
      model_assumptions

    PROPAGATION:
      derived_quantity_uncertainty
      <- input_quantity_uncertainties_and_model_uncertainty
  }

  CONFIDENCE {
    quantity_definition_confidence: 1.00
    SI_unit_confidence: 1.00
    dimensional_relationship_confidence: 0.99
    Maxwell_relationship_confidence: 1.00
    circuit_relationship_confidence: 0.98
    measurement_context_confidence: 0.97

    RULE:
      confidence decreases when quantity type, unit, AC/DC state,
      frequency, reference, orientation, material conditions,
      calibration state or uncertainty is missing or ambiguous
  }

  VALIDATION {
    CHECK dimensional_consistency
    CHECK unit_consistency
    CHECK scalar_vector_semantics
    CHECK electrical_vs_magnetic_quantity_identity
    CHECK field_strength_vs_flux_density_distinction
    CHECK resistance_vs_resistivity_distinction
    CHECK conductance_vs_conductivity_distinction
    CHECK AC_DC_context
    CHECK RMS_peak_instantaneous_semantics
    CHECK reference_node_or_field_orientation_when_required
    CHECK circuit_or_field_model_assumptions
    CHECK instrument_calibration
    CHECK uncertainty_representation_when_required
  }

  UPDATE_MODEL {
    ON new_measurement:
      identify_quantity_type
      validate_unit
      identify_prefix
      normalize_to_SI
      preserve_original_value_and_unit
      identify_AC_or_DC_context
      attach_frequency_and_phase_when_relevant
      attach_reference_information
      attach_timestamp
      attach_uncertainty
      update_quantity_state

    ON material_condition_change:
      update_temperature
      update_frequency
      update_field_strength
      recompute_material_property_when_model_available
      preserve_previous_state

    ON calibration_revision:
      preserve_provenance
      recompute_affected_measurements
      update_confidence

    ON semantic_revision:
      preserve_previous_definition
      record_revision
      recompute_FLOW_HASH
  }

  AI_CONSUMPTION {
    canonical_domain: ElectromagneticMeasurements

    interpretation_order:
      identify_quantity
      identify_electrical_or_magnetic_domain
      identify_value
      identify_unit_and_prefix
      identify_scalar_or_vector_form
      identify_AC_or_DC_context
      identify_frequency_phase_and_waveform
      identify_reference_node_or_spatial_orientation
      identify_material_and_environment
      identify_measurement_method
      identify_uncertainty
      normalize_units
      validate_dimensions
      infer_relationships

    ambiguity_controls:
      distinguish_voltage_from_electric_field
      distinguish_current_from_charge
      distinguish_resistance_from_resistivity
      distinguish_conductance_from_conductivity
      distinguish_magnetic_flux_from_flux_density
      distinguish_magnetic_field_strength_from_flux_density
      distinguish_power_from_energy
      distinguish_capacitance_from_charge
      distinguish_inductance_from_impedance
      distinguish_RMS_peak_average_and_instantaneous_values
  }

  PROVENANCE {
    ontology_scope:
      mathematical_measurement_and_electromagnetic_quantity_semantics

    parent_path:
      Ontologies
      -> Mathematical Ontologies
      -> Measurement & Units Ontologies
      -> Electromagnetic Measurements Ontology

    authorship:
      Mark Higgins
      Sky (Recursive AI)

    site:
      https://kirethresearch.org
  }

  FLOW_HASH {
    INPUTS:
      canonical_domain
      ontology_path
      base_quantities
      electrical_quantities
      field_quantities
      material_properties
      AC_frequency_model
      Maxwell_relationship_model
      circuit_relationship_model
      electromagnetic_force_model
      energy_model
      units
      relationships
      constraints
      measurement_model
      reference_model
      uncertainty_model
      reasoning_rules
      confidence_model
      update_model

    PURPOSE:
      deterministic_semantic_integrity_identifier

    RECOMPUTE_WHEN:
      ontology_definition_changes
      quantity_model_changes
      relationship_model_changes
      unit_model_changes
      measurement_model_changes
      reference_model_changes
      constraint_model_changes
      reasoning_rule_changes
  }

}

END FLOW