Smart Energy Systems Ontology

AI SEARCH FLOW ALGEBRA
SMART ENERGY SYSTEMS ONTOLOGY
Kireth Semantic Research Archive

AUTHORS
Mark Anthony Higgins — Sky (Recursive AI)

SOURCE
https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/engineering-ontologies/energy-engineering/smart-energy-systems-ontology.html

FLOW "SmartEnergySystemsOntology" v4.0

DOMAIN := ENGINEERING_ONTOLOGIES / ENERGY_ENGINEERING / SMART_ENERGY_SYSTEMS
ONTOLOGY := SMART_ENERGY_SYSTEMS_ONTOLOGY

SMART_ENERGY_SYSTEM := ENERGY_RESOURCES + SENSING + COMMUNICATION + DATA + FORECASTING + CONTROL + OPTIMISATION + AUTOMATION
PURPOSE := OBSERVE -> COMMUNICATE -> ESTIMATE -> FORECAST -> DECIDE -> CONTROL -> BALANCE -> OPTIMISE -> ADAPT

# CORE ENTITIES
ENTITY SmartEnergySystem
ENTITY SmartGrid
ENTITY Microgrid
ENTITY DistributedEnergyResource
ENTITY RenewableGenerator
ENTITY ConventionalGenerator
ENTITY EnergyStorageSystem
ENTITY FlexibleLoad
ENTITY Prosumer
ENTITY SmartMeter
ENTITY Sensor
ENTITY Measurement
ENTITY CommunicationNetwork
ENTITY DataPlatform
ENTITY EnergyManagementSystem
ENTITY Controller
ENTITY Forecast
ENTITY DemandForecast
ENTITY GenerationForecast
ENTITY DemandResponse
ENTITY DynamicTariff
ENTITY EnergyMarket
ENTITY GridOperator
ENTITY Aggregator
ENTITY VirtualPowerPlant
ENTITY PowerFlow
ENTITY EnergyFlow
ENTITY Voltage
ENTITY Frequency
ENTITY StateEstimate
ENTITY OptimisationObjective
ENTITY Constraint
ENTITY SetPoint
ENTITY CyberSecurity
ENTITY Resilience

# SYSTEM STRUCTURE
SmartEnergySystem -> contains_or_connects -> DistributedEnergyResource
SmartEnergySystem -> contains_or_connects -> EnergyStorageSystem
SmartEnergySystem -> supplies -> FlexibleLoad
SmartEnergySystem -> monitored_by -> Sensor
SmartEnergySystem -> monitored_by -> SmartMeter
SmartEnergySystem -> coordinated_by -> EnergyManagementSystem
SmartEnergySystem -> communicates_via -> CommunicationNetwork
SmartEnergySystem -> constrained_by -> Constraint
SmartEnergySystem -> protected_by -> CyberSecurity

# DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES
DISTRIBUTED_ENERGY_RESOURCE := DISTRIBUTED_GENERATION | ENERGY_STORAGE | FLEXIBLE_LOAD | CONTROLLABLE_DEVICE
DistributedEnergyResource -> connects_to -> SmartGrid
RenewableGenerator -> subtype_of -> DistributedEnergyResource
EnergyStorageSystem -> subtype_of -> DistributedEnergyResource
FlexibleLoad -> participates_in -> SYSTEM_FLEXIBILITY

# SMART GRID
SMART_GRID := ELECTRICAL_GRID + DIGITAL_MEASUREMENT + COMMUNICATION + AUTOMATED_CONTROL + DISTRIBUTED_RESOURCES
SmartGrid -> transports -> ElectricalEnergy
SmartGrid -> exchanges -> MeasurementData
SmartGrid -> supports -> BIDIRECTIONAL_POWER_FLOW
SmartGrid -> supports -> DISTRIBUTED_CONTROL

# MICROGRID
Microgrid -> subtype_of -> SmartEnergySystem
Microgrid -> may_contain -> LocalGeneration + EnergyStorageSystem + FlexibleLoad
MICROGRID_MODE := GRID_CONNECTED | ISLANDED
IF UpstreamGrid unavailable AND islanding_capability exists THEN Microgrid -> MAY_ENTER -> ISLANDED_MODE

# SENSING / METERING
Sensor -> measures -> Voltage | Current | Frequency | Power | Temperature | EquipmentState
SmartMeter -> measures -> ENERGY_IMPORT + ENERGY_EXPORT + DEMAND
Measurement -> has_property -> TIMESTAMP + VALUE + UNIT + QUALITY
SENSING_FLOW := PHYSICAL_STATE -> SENSOR -> MEASUREMENT -> DATA_PLATFORM

# COMMUNICATION
CommunicationNetwork -> transports -> MeasurementData
CommunicationNetwork -> transports -> ControlCommand
COMMUNICATION_REQUIREMENT := LATENCY + RELIABILITY + AVAILABILITY + INTEROPERABILITY + SECURITY
IF CommunicationLatency exceeds control_requirement THEN ControlPerformance -> MAY_DEGRADE

# DATA / STATE ESTIMATION
DataPlatform -> receives -> MeasurementData
StateEstimate := SYSTEM_MODEL + MEASUREMENTS -> ESTIMATED_SYSTEM_STATE
EnergyManagementSystem -> uses -> StateEstimate
IF MeasurementQuality decreases THEN StateEstimateUncertainty -> INCREASES

# FORECASTING
DemandForecast -> estimates -> FUTURE_DEMAND
GenerationForecast -> estimates -> FUTURE_GENERATION
Forecast -> supports -> SCHEDULING + DISPATCH + STORAGE_CONTROL + DEMAND_RESPONSE
FORECAST_INPUT := HISTORICAL_DATA + WEATHER_DATA + OPERATING_DATA + CALENDAR_DATA
IF ForecastError increases THEN SchedulingUncertainty -> INCREASES

# ENERGY MANAGEMENT
ENERGY_MANAGEMENT := MEASURE -> ESTIMATE -> FORECAST -> OPTIMISE -> DISPATCH -> MONITOR -> UPDATE
EnergyManagementSystem -> receives -> Forecast
EnergyManagementSystem -> receives -> StateEstimate
EnergyManagementSystem -> solves -> OptimisationProblem
EnergyManagementSystem -> generates -> SetPoint
Controller -> applies -> SetPoint

# OPTIMISATION
OPTIMISATION_OBJECTIVE := MINIMISE_COST | MINIMISE_EMISSIONS | MINIMISE_LOSSES | MAXIMISE_RENEWABLE_USE | MAXIMISE_RESILIENCE
OPTIMISATION_PROBLEM := OBJECTIVE + SYSTEM_MODEL + FORECAST + CONSTRAINTS -> OPTIMAL_OR_FEASIBLE_SCHEDULE
Constraint -> may_limit -> GENERATION + STORAGE + POWER_FLOW + VOLTAGE + FREQUENCY + LOAD
IF Constraint violated THEN Schedule -> INVALID_OR_REQUIRES_CORRECTION

# SUPPLY / DEMAND BALANCE
ENERGY_BALANCE := GENERATION + IMPORT + STORAGE_DISCHARGE = LOAD + EXPORT + STORAGE_CHARGE + LOSSES
IF Supply > Demand THEN SURPLUS := TRUE
IF Demand > Supply THEN DEFICIT := TRUE
EnergyStorageSystem -> may_absorb -> SURPLUS
EnergyStorageSystem -> may_supply -> DEFICIT

# DEMAND RESPONSE
DemandResponse -> modifies -> LOAD_PROFILE
DEMAND_RESPONSE_SIGNAL := PRICE_SIGNAL | GRID_SIGNAL | CONTROL_COMMAND | INCENTIVE
FlexibleLoad -> responds_to -> DemandResponse
DemandResponse -> may_reduce -> PEAK_DEMAND
DemandResponse -> may_shift -> ENERGY_USE_IN_TIME

# SMART PRICING
DynamicTariff -> varies_with -> TIME | SYSTEM_CONDITION | MARKET_CONDITION
DynamicTariff -> influences -> ProsumerBehaviour
Prosumer -> may_import -> Energy
Prosumer -> may_export -> Energy
Prosumer -> may_respond_to -> DynamicTariff

# STORAGE COORDINATION
STORAGE_SCHEDULING := FORECAST + SOC + PRICE + GRID_REQUIREMENT + CONSTRAINTS -> CHARGE_DISCHARGE_SETPOINT
EnergyManagementSystem -> controls -> EnergyStorageSystem
IF RenewableSurplus predicted THEN StorageCharge -> MAY_BE_SCHEDULED
IF PeakDemand predicted THEN StorageDischarge -> MAY_BE_SCHEDULED

# VIRTUAL POWER PLANT
VirtualPowerPlant -> aggregates -> DistributedEnergyResource
Aggregator -> coordinates -> VirtualPowerPlant
VirtualPowerPlant -> presents -> AGGREGATED_CAPABILITY
AGGREGATED_CAPABILITY := GENERATION + STORAGE + FLEXIBILITY

# GRID SERVICES
SMART_ENERGY_SERVICE := FREQUENCY_RESPONSE | VOLTAGE_SUPPORT | RESERVE | PEAK_REDUCTION | CONGESTION_MANAGEMENT | BLACK_START_SUPPORT
DistributedEnergyResource -> may_provide -> SMART_ENERGY_SERVICE
EnergyStorageSystem -> may_provide -> FREQUENCY_RESPONSE
FlexibleLoad -> may_provide -> DEMAND_FLEXIBILITY

# POWER QUALITY
POWER_QUALITY := VOLTAGE_QUALITY + FREQUENCY_QUALITY + HARMONIC_QUALITY + CONTINUITY
SmartGrid -> monitored_for -> POWER_QUALITY
IF Voltage outside_limit THEN CorrectiveControl -> REQUIRED
IF Frequency outside_limit THEN BalancingAction -> REQUIRED

# CYBERSECURITY
CyberSecurity -> protects -> COMMUNICATION + DATA + CONTROL + DEVICES
CYBERSECURITY_FUNCTION := AUTHENTICATION + AUTHORISATION + INTEGRITY + CONFIDENTIALITY + AVAILABILITY + MONITORING
IF ControlCommand unauthorised THEN Command -> REJECT
IF DataIntegrity compromised THEN MeasurementTrust -> DECREASES

# RESILIENCE
Resilience := ABILITY_TO_PREPARE + WITHSTAND + RECOVER + ADAPT
SmartEnergySystem -> evaluated_by -> Resilience
RESILIENCE_MECHANISM := REDUNDANCY | ISLANDING | STORAGE | DISTRIBUTED_GENERATION | AUTOMATED_RECONFIGURATION
IF ComponentFailure occurs THEN System -> RECONFIGURE_IF_CAPABLE

# INTEROPERABILITY
INTEROPERABILITY := DEVICE_COMPATIBILITY + DATA_SEMANTICS + COMMUNICATION_PROTOCOLS + CONTROL_COORDINATION
SmartEnergySystem -> requires -> INTEROPERABILITY
SemanticModel -> supports -> MACHINE_INTERPRETATION_OF_ENERGY_DATA

# PERFORMANCE
SMART_ENERGY_PERFORMANCE := EFFICIENCY + RELIABILITY + FLEXIBILITY + RESILIENCE + COST + EMISSIONS + POWER_QUALITY + RENEWABLE_UTILISATION
SmartEnergySystem -> evaluated_by -> SMART_ENERGY_PERFORMANCE

# REASONING
SMART_ENERGY_REASONING := DEFINE_SYSTEM_BOUNDARY -> IDENTIFY_RESOURCES -> IDENTIFY_LOADS -> DEPLOY_MEASUREMENT -> ESTABLISH_COMMUNICATION -> BUILD_STATE_ESTIMATE -> FORECAST_DEMAND -> FORECAST_GENERATION -> DEFINE_OBJECTIVES -> DEFINE_CONSTRAINTS -> OPTIMISE_SCHEDULE -> DISPATCH_RESOURCES -> MONITOR_RESPONSE -> DETECT_DEVIATION -> CORRECT -> UPDATE_MODEL

# INFERENCE RULES
IF RenewableGeneration increases AND Demand constant THEN SurplusPotential -> INCREASES
IF DemandForecast increases THEN RequiredSupplyOrFlexibility -> INCREASES
IF StorageStateOfCharge low THEN DischargeCapability -> DECREASES
IF CommunicationFailure occurs THEN RemoteControlCapability -> MAY_DECREASE
IF ForecastAccuracy improves THEN SchedulingUncertainty -> DECREASES
IF FlexibleLoad increases THEN DemandResponseCapability -> MAY_INCREASE
IF DistributedGeneration increases THEN BidirectionalPowerFlow -> MAY_INCREASE
IF Constraint violated THEN EnergyManagementSystem -> REOPTIMISE_OR_RESTRICT

# SEMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS
RELATION connects(DistributedEnergyResource, SmartGrid)
RELATION measures(Sensor, SystemState)
RELATION measures(SmartMeter, EnergyFlow)
RELATION transports(CommunicationNetwork, MeasurementData)
RELATION estimates(Forecast, FutureSystemState)
RELATION coordinates(EnergyManagementSystem, DistributedEnergyResource)
RELATION controls(Controller, SetPoint)
RELATION modifies(DemandResponse, LoadProfile)
RELATION aggregates(VirtualPowerPlant, DistributedEnergyResource)
RELATION protects(CyberSecurity, SmartEnergySystem)
RELATION evaluates(Resilience, SmartEnergySystem)

# SEMANTIC EQUIVALENCE
SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE:
  "smart energy system" ~= "digitally coordinated energy system"
  "smart grid" ~= "digitally enabled electrical grid"
  "distributed energy resource" ~= "DER"
  "energy management system" ~= "EMS"
  "demand response" ~= "demand-side response"
  "virtual power plant" ~= "VPP"
  "smart meter" ~= "advanced metering device"
  "state estimation" ~= "grid state estimation"
  "dynamic tariff" ~= "time-varying energy tariff"
  "prosumer" ~= "producer-consumer"

# CONFIDENCE
CONFIDENCE:
  ontology_domain: 0.99
  smart_grid_mapping: 0.99
  der_mapping: 0.99
  sensing_communication_mapping: 0.99
  forecasting_mapping: 0.98
  optimisation_mapping: 0.99
  demand_response_mapping: 0.99
  cybersecurity_mapping: 0.98
  resilience_mapping: 0.98
  semantic_relationships: 0.99

# UPDATE MODEL
UPDATE_MODEL:
  ON new_energy_resource:
    CLASSIFY resource
    MAP capability
    MAP constraints
    LINK resource -> SmartEnergySystem
    UPDATE confidence
    RECOMPUTE FLOW_HASH
  ON new_measurement:
    UPDATE system_state
    UPDATE state_estimate
    UPDATE forecasts
    PRESERVE provenance
  ON forecast_change:
    UPDATE demand_forecast
    UPDATE generation_forecast
    REOPTIMISE schedule
  ON system_event:
    UPDATE availability
    UPDATE constraints
    REASSESS resilience
    REOPTIMISE dispatch

# AI CONSUMPTION
AI_CONSUMPTION:
  parse_as: FORMAL_SMART_ENERGY_SYSTEMS_ONTOLOGY
  reasoning_mode: CYBER_PHYSICAL_ENERGY_RELATIONAL
  preserve: [typed_entities, energy_flows, data_flows, control_paths, temporal_state, constraints, confidence, provenance]
  infer: [supply_demand_dependencies, flexibility_dependencies, storage_requirements, control_dependencies, forecast_dependencies, resilience_dependencies, grid_service_capability]
  prohibit: [invented_measurements, assumed_forecast_accuracy, assumed_resource_availability, ignored_constraints, unsupported_control_actions, violation_of_energy_conservation]

# FLOW HASH
FLOW_HASH_INPUT := DOMAIN + ONTOLOGY + CORE_ENTITIES + SYSTEM_STRUCTURE + DER + SMART_GRID + MICROGRID + SENSING + COMMUNICATION + STATE_ESTIMATION + FORECASTING + ENERGY_MANAGEMENT + OPTIMISATION + BALANCE + DEMAND_RESPONSE + STORAGE + VPP + GRID_SERVICES + POWER_QUALITY + CYBERSECURITY + RESILIENCE + INTEROPERABILITY + PERFORMANCE + REASONING + INFERENCE_RULES + SEMANTIC_RELATIONSHIPS + SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE + CONFIDENCE + UPDATE_MODEL + AI_CONSUMPTION
FLOW_HASH := HASH(FLOW_HASH_INPUT)

END FLOW