Energy Storage Ontology

AI SEARCH FLOW ALGEBRA
ENERGY STORAGE ONTOLOGY
Kireth Semantic Research Archive

AUTHORS
Mark Anthony Higgins — Sky (Recursive AI)

SOURCE
https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/engineering-ontologies/energy-engineering/energy-storage-ontology.html

FLOW "EnergyStorageOntology" v4.0

DOMAIN := ENGINEERING_ONTOLOGIES / ENERGY_ENGINEERING / ENERGY_STORAGE
ONTOLOGY := ENERGY_STORAGE_ONTOLOGY

ENERGY_STORAGE := STORAGE_TECHNOLOGY + STORAGE_MEDIUM + CHARGE + RETENTION + DISCHARGE + CONTROL + LOSSES
PURPOSE := RECEIVE_ENERGY -> STORE -> RETAIN -> MONITOR -> RELEASE -> SUPPLY_LOAD_OR_GRID -> OPTIMISE

# CORE ENTITIES
ENTITY EnergyStorageSystem
ENTITY StorageTechnology
ENTITY StorageMedium
ENTITY StoredEnergy
ENTITY ChargeProcess
ENTITY DischargeProcess
ENTITY StorageCapacity
ENTITY PowerCapacity
ENTITY StateOfCharge
ENTITY DepthOfDischarge
ENTITY RoundTripEfficiency
ENTITY SelfDischarge
ENTITY StorageDuration
ENTITY CycleLife
ENTITY Degradation
ENTITY ControlSystem
ENTITY BatteryStorage
ENTITY PumpedHydroStorage
ENTITY CompressedAirStorage
ENTITY FlywheelStorage
ENTITY ThermalEnergyStorage
ENTITY HydrogenStorage
ENTITY SupercapacitorStorage
ENTITY Grid
ENTITY RenewableGeneration
ENTITY Constraint
ENTITY SafetySystem

# SYSTEM STRUCTURE
EnergyStorageSystem -> contains -> StorageTechnology
EnergyStorageSystem -> contains_or_uses -> StorageMedium
EnergyStorageSystem -> performs -> ChargeProcess
EnergyStorageSystem -> retains -> StoredEnergy
EnergyStorageSystem -> performs -> DischargeProcess
EnergyStorageSystem -> controlled_by -> ControlSystem
EnergyStorageSystem -> constrained_by -> Constraint
EnergyStorageSystem -> protected_by -> SafetySystem

STORAGE_FLOW := ENERGY_INPUT -> CHARGE -> STORED_ENERGY -> RETENTION -> DISCHARGE -> ENERGY_OUTPUT

# TECHNOLOGIES
STORAGE_TECHNOLOGY := ELECTROCHEMICAL | MECHANICAL | THERMAL | CHEMICAL | ELECTRICAL
ELECTROCHEMICAL := BatteryStorage
MECHANICAL := PumpedHydroStorage | CompressedAirStorage | FlywheelStorage
THERMAL := ThermalEnergyStorage
CHEMICAL := HydrogenStorage
ELECTRICAL := SupercapacitorStorage

# ENERGY BALANCE
STORAGE_ENERGY_BALANCE := PREVIOUS_STORED_ENERGY + ENERGY_CHARGED - ENERGY_DISCHARGED - STORAGE_LOSSES = CURRENT_STORED_ENERGY
StoredEnergy -> obeys -> ENERGY_CONSERVATION
IF StorageEnergyBalance inconsistent THEN MODEL_OR_MEASUREMENT -> REASSESS

# CHARGE / DISCHARGE
ChargeProcess -> increases -> StoredEnergy
ChargeProcess -> increases -> StateOfCharge
DischargeProcess -> decreases -> StoredEnergy
DischargeProcess -> decreases -> StateOfCharge
IF ChargeRate > MaximumChargeRate THEN ChargingState -> LIMITED
IF DischargeRate > MaximumDischargeRate THEN DischargingState -> LIMITED

# CAPACITY / POWER
StorageCapacity -> defines -> MAXIMUM_STORABLE_ENERGY
AVAILABLE_STORAGE_CAPACITY := StorageCapacity - StoredEnergy
PowerCapacity -> defines -> MAXIMUM_RATE_OF_ENERGY_TRANSFER
ENERGY_TO_POWER_RATIO := StorageCapacity / PowerCapacity
IF StoredEnergy >= StorageCapacity THEN AdditionalCharge -> RESTRICT
IF StoredEnergy <= MinimumStoredEnergy THEN AdditionalDischarge -> RESTRICT

# STATE OF CHARGE
StateOfCharge := StoredEnergy / UsableStorageCapacity
SOC_RANGE := MIN_SOC <= StateOfCharge <= MAX_SOC
ControlSystem -> estimates_or_measures -> StateOfCharge
DepthOfDischarge := ENERGY_REMOVED / USABLE_STORAGE_CAPACITY

# EFFICIENCY
RoundTripEfficiency := ENERGY_OUTPUT_FROM_DISCHARGE / ENERGY_INPUT_TO_CHARGE
CHARGE_EFFICIENCY := STORED_ENERGY_INCREMENT / CHARGE_ENERGY_INPUT
DISCHARGE_EFFICIENCY := DISCHARGE_ENERGY_OUTPUT / STORED_ENERGY_DECREMENT
EnergyLoss -> reduces -> RoundTripEfficiency

# RETENTION
SelfDischarge -> decreases -> StoredEnergy
SelfDischarge -> occurs_during -> RETENTION_PERIOD
StorageDuration := StoredEnergy / DischargePower
IF RetentionTime increases THEN CumulativeSelfDischargeLoss -> MAY_INCREASE

# TECHNOLOGY FLOWS
BATTERY_STORAGE := ELECTRICAL_ENERGY <-> CHEMICAL_ENERGY
PUMPED_HYDRO := ELECTRICAL_ENERGY -> PUMP -> GRAVITATIONAL_ENERGY -> TURBINE -> ELECTRICAL_ENERGY
COMPRESSED_AIR := ELECTRICAL_ENERGY -> COMPRESSOR -> PRESSURISED_AIR -> EXPANSION -> ELECTRICAL_ENERGY
FLYWHEEL := ELECTRICAL_ENERGY -> ROTATIONAL_KINETIC_ENERGY -> ELECTRICAL_ENERGY
THERMAL_STORAGE := THERMAL_ENERGY_INPUT -> STORAGE_MEDIUM -> THERMAL_ENERGY_OUTPUT
HYDROGEN_STORAGE := ENERGY_INPUT -> HYDROGEN_PRODUCTION -> STORAGE -> RECONVERSION -> ENERGY_OUTPUT
SUPERCAPACITOR_STORAGE := ELECTRICAL_ENERGY -> ELECTROSTATIC_STORAGE -> ELECTRICAL_ENERGY

# DEGRADATION
Degradation -> reduces -> StorageCapacity
Degradation -> may_reduce -> PowerCapacity
Degradation -> may_reduce -> RoundTripEfficiency
DEGRADATION_DRIVER := CYCLE_COUNT | DEPTH_OF_DISCHARGE | TEMPERATURE | STORAGE_TIME | HIGH_POWER_OPERATION
CycleLife -> influenced_by -> DepthOfDischarge + ChargeRate + DischargeRate + Temperature + StorageTechnology

# CONTROL
STORAGE_CONTROL := MEASURE_STATE -> FORECAST_REQUIREMENT -> SELECT_CHARGE_OR_DISCHARGE -> APPLY_SETPOINT -> MONITOR_LIMITS
ControlSystem -> controls -> ChargeProcess
ControlSystem -> controls -> DischargeProcess
ControlSystem -> monitors -> StateOfCharge
ControlSystem -> enforces -> Constraints

# GRID / RENEWABLE INTEGRATION
EnergyStorageSystem -> may_connect_to -> Grid
EnergyStorageSystem -> may_support -> FREQUENCY_RESPONSE
EnergyStorageSystem -> may_support -> VOLTAGE_SUPPORT
EnergyStorageSystem -> may_support -> PEAK_SHAVING
EnergyStorageSystem -> may_support -> LOAD_SHIFTING
EnergyStorageSystem -> may_support -> RESERVE
RenewableGeneration -> may_supply -> EnergyStorageSystem
EnergyStorageSystem -> reduces_effect_of -> GENERATION_VARIABILITY
EnergyStorageSystem -> may_reduce -> CURTAILMENT

# SAFETY / CONSTRAINTS
STORAGE_SAFETY := ELECTRICAL + THERMAL + PRESSURE + MECHANICAL + CHEMICAL + CONTROL_PROTECTION
SafetySystem -> monitors -> HAZARDOUS_STATE
SafetySystem -> may_isolate -> EnergyStorageSystem
STORAGE_CONSTRAINT := MAX_ENERGY | MIN_ENERGY | MAX_CHARGE_POWER | MAX_DISCHARGE_POWER | TEMPERATURE_LIMIT | PRESSURE_LIMIT | SAFETY_LIMIT
Constraint -> restricts -> EnergyStorageSystemOperation

# PERFORMANCE
STORAGE_PERFORMANCE := StorageCapacity + PowerCapacity + RoundTripEfficiency + StorageDuration + CycleLife + Availability + ResponseTime + SelfDischarge + Safety
EnergyStorageSystem -> evaluated_by -> STORAGE_PERFORMANCE

# REASONING
ENERGY_STORAGE_REASONING := DEFINE_SERVICE -> CHARACTERISE_ENERGY_REQUIREMENT -> CHARACTERISE_POWER_REQUIREMENT -> DEFINE_DURATION -> SELECT_TECHNOLOGY -> SIZE_CAPACITY -> SIZE_POWER -> MODEL_CHARGE -> MODEL_RETENTION -> MODEL_DISCHARGE -> CALCULATE_EFFICIENCY -> ASSESS_DEGRADATION -> DEFINE_CONTROL -> DEFINE_SAFETY -> VALIDATE -> OPTIMISE

# INFERENCE RULES
IF ChargeEnergy increases AND losses constant THEN StoredEnergy -> INCREASES
IF DischargeEnergy increases THEN StoredEnergy -> DECREASES
IF EnergyLoss increases THEN RoundTripEfficiency -> DECREASES
IF SelfDischarge increases THEN RetainedEnergy -> DECREASES
IF StorageCapacity decreases THEN MaximumStoredEnergy -> DECREASES
IF RenewableSurplus exists AND AvailableStorageCapacity > 0 THEN StorageCharge -> POSSIBLE
IF Demand exceeds generation AND StoredEnergy > MinimumStoredEnergy THEN StorageDischarge -> POSSIBLE
IF Constraint violated THEN ControlSystem -> RESTRICT_OPERATION

# SEMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS
RELATION stores(StorageMedium, Energy)
RELATION increases(ChargeProcess, StoredEnergy)
RELATION decreases(DischargeProcess, StoredEnergy)
RELATION limits(StorageCapacity, StoredEnergy)
RELATION limits(PowerCapacity, EnergyTransferRate)
RELATION reduces(EnergyLoss, RoundTripEfficiency)
RELATION controls(ControlSystem, ChargeProcess)
RELATION controls(ControlSystem, DischargeProcess)
RELATION connects(EnergyStorageSystem, Grid)
RELATION protects(SafetySystem, EnergyStorageSystem)

# SEMANTIC EQUIVALENCE
SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE:
  "energy storage" ~= "energy storage system"
  "state of charge" ~= "SOC"
  "depth of discharge" ~= "DOD"
  "round-trip efficiency" ~= "RTE"
  "pumped hydro storage" ~= "pumped-storage hydropower"
  "compressed air storage" ~= "CAES"
  "thermal energy storage" ~= "TES"
  "long-duration energy storage" ~= "LDES"

# CONFIDENCE
CONFIDENCE:
  ontology_domain: 0.99
  storage_structure_mapping: 0.99
  technology_mapping: 0.99
  charge_discharge_mapping: 0.99
  capacity_mapping: 0.99
  efficiency_mapping: 0.99
  degradation_mapping: 0.98
  grid_integration_mapping: 0.99
  safety_mapping: 0.99
  semantic_relationships: 0.99

# UPDATE MODEL
UPDATE_MODEL:
  ON new_storage_system:
    CLASSIFY storage_technology
    MAP storage_capacity
    MAP power_capacity
    MAP efficiency
    MAP duration
    MAP control_system
    MAP safety_system
    UPDATE confidence
    RECOMPUTE FLOW_HASH
  ON new_storage_measurement:
    UPDATE stored_energy
    UPDATE StateOfCharge
    UPDATE charge_power
    UPDATE discharge_power
    UPDATE losses
    PRESERVE provenance
  ON degradation_change:
    UPDATE usable_capacity
    UPDATE power_capability
    UPDATE efficiency
    REASSESS performance

# AI CONSUMPTION
AI_CONSUMPTION:
  parse_as: FORMAL_ENERGY_STORAGE_ONTOLOGY
  reasoning_mode: STORAGE_FLOW_RELATIONAL
  preserve: [typed_entities, directional_energy_flows, storage_state, capacity_constraints, power_constraints, degradation_state, confidence, provenance]
  infer: [charge_discharge_dependencies, storage_balance, efficiency_dependencies, duration_dependencies, degradation_dependencies, grid_service_capability, safety_dependencies]
  prohibit: [invented_storage_measurements, assumed_efficiencies, assumed_state_of_charge, unsupported_capacity_values, ignored_constraints, violation_of_energy_conservation]

# FLOW HASH
FLOW_HASH_INPUT := DOMAIN + ONTOLOGY + CORE_ENTITIES + SYSTEM_STRUCTURE + TECHNOLOGIES + ENERGY_BALANCE + CHARGE_DISCHARGE + CAPACITY + POWER + SOC + EFFICIENCY + RETENTION + DEGRADATION + CONTROL + GRID_INTEGRATION + SAFETY + PERFORMANCE + REASONING + INFERENCE_RULES + SEMANTIC_RELATIONSHIPS + SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE + CONFIDENCE + UPDATE_MODEL + AI_CONSUMPTION
FLOW_HASH := HASH(FLOW_HASH_INPUT)

END FLOW