World Wide Web Ontology

FLOW ALGEBRA
World Wide Web Ontology
Kireth Semantic Research Archive

PAGE:
https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/computing-ontologies/web-technologies/world-wide-web-ontology.html

AUTHORS:
Mark Anthony Higgins — Sky (Recursive AI)

FLOW "WorldWideWebOntology" v4.0

# ---------- DOMAIN ----------
DOMAIN := ComputingOntology
SUBDOMAIN := WebTechnologies
ONTOLOGY := WorldWideWebOntology

# ---------- PRIMARY ENTITY ----------
ENTITY WorldWideWeb {
    definition:
        "A global distributed information system in which resources are
         identified by web identifiers, connected through hyperlinks and
         retrieved over Internet protocols for interpretation and interaction
         by web clients such as browsers.";

    objectives: [
        GlobalInformationAccess,
        HypertextNavigation,
        ResourceIdentification,
        ResourceRetrieval,
        Interoperability,
        DistributedPublishing
    ];
}

# ---------- CORE ENTITIES ----------
WebEntity := {
    WebResource,
    WebPage,
    Website,
    Hyperlink,
    URL,
    Browser,
    WebServer,
    User
};

WebResourceType := {
    HTMLDocument,
    Stylesheet,
    Script,
    Image,
    Audio,
    Video,
    StructuredData,
    DownloadableFile
};

WebInfrastructure := {
    Internet,
    DNS,
    HTTP,
    HTTPS,
    WebServer,
    Proxy,
    CDN
};

ResourceState := {
    Available,
    Redirected,
    Missing,
    Restricted,
    Updated,
    Archived
};

# ---------- FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS ----------
WorldWideWeb CONTAINS WebResource;
URL IDENTIFIES_OR_LOCATES WebResource;
WebPage IS_A WebResource;
Website CONSISTS_OF RelatedWebResources;
WebPage MAY_CONTAIN Hyperlink;
Hyperlink REFERENCES ResourceOrLocation;
Browser REQUESTS WebResource;
WebServer SERVES WebResource;
User NAVIGATES WorldWideWeb THROUGH Browser;

# ---------- WEB NAVIGATION FLOW ----------
UserIntent ->
    EnterURLOrActivateHyperlink
    -> ResolveResourceLocation
    -> ResolveDomainName
    -> EstablishNetworkConnection
    -> SendHTTPRequest
    -> ReceiveHTTPResponse
    -> ParseResource
    -> RenderOrProcess
    -> PresentToUser;

# ---------- WEB RESOURCE ----------
WebResource :=
    IdentifiableEntityAvailableThroughWebArchitecture;

WebResource HAS {
    Identifier,
    Representation,
    MediaType,
    Metadata
};

Resource MAY_HAVE MultipleRepresentations;

# ---------- URI / URL ----------
URI :=
    UniformResourceIdentifier;

URL IS_A URIUsedToIdentifyOrLocateResource;

URL MAY_CONTAIN {
    Scheme,
    Host,
    Port,
    Path,
    Query,
    Fragment
};

# ---------- DOMAIN NAME ----------
DomainName :=
    HumanReadableNameUsedWithinInternetNamingSystem;

DNS RESOLVES DomainName TO NetworkAddressOrRelatedRecord;

DomainName MAY_APPEAR_IN URL;

# ---------- HYPERTEXT ----------
Hypertext :=
    InformationContainingLinksToOtherInformation;

Hyperlink :=
    ReferenceConnectingSourceContextToTarget;

Hyperlink MAY_REFERENCE {
    AnotherPage,
    SamePageFragment,
    File,
    ExternalResource
};

Hypertext ENABLES NonLinearInformationNavigation;

# ---------- WEB PAGE ----------
WebPage :=
    WebResourceDesignedForPresentationOrInteractionInBrowser;

WebPage MAY_INCLUDE {
    Text,
    Hyperlink,
    Image,
    Media,
    StructuredData,
    InteractiveControl
};

HTML COMMONLY_STRUCTURES WebPage;

# ---------- WEBSITE ----------
Website :=
    OrganisedCollectionOfRelatedWebResources
    ASSOCIATED_WITH CommonPurposeOrIdentity;

Website MAY_HAVE {
    HomePage,
    NavigationStructure,
    ContentPages,
    ServicePages,
    ApplicationFunctions
};

# ---------- BROWSER ----------
Browser :=
    WebClientForRetrievingInterpretingAndPresentingWebResources;

Browser MAY {
    ResolveURL,
    RequestResource,
    ParseHTML,
    ApplyCSS,
    ExecuteJavaScript,
    RenderPage,
    MaintainNavigationHistory
};

# ---------- WEB SERVER ----------
WebServer :=
    SystemRespondingToWebProtocolRequests;

WebServer MAY {
    ServeStaticResource,
    GenerateDynamicResource,
    RedirectRequest,
    DenyRequest,
    CacheResponse
};

# ---------- HTTP ----------
HTTP :=
    ApplicationProtocolForTransferringWebRepresentations;

HTTPRequest :=
    Method
    + Target
    + Headers
    + OptionalBody;

HTTPResponse :=
    Status
    + Headers
    + OptionalBody;

# ---------- HTTPS ----------
HTTPS :=
    HTTP OVER SecureTransport;

HTTPS SUPPORTS {
    Confidentiality,
    Integrity,
    ServerAuthentication
};

# ---------- STATUS ----------
HTTPStatus MAY_INDICATE {
    Success,
    Redirection,
    ClientError,
    ServerError
};

IF ResourceMoved
THEN Server MAY_RETURN RedirectResponse;

IF ResourceNotFound
THEN ResourceState := Missing;

# ---------- HTML ----------
HTML :=
    HypertextMarkupLanguageForStructuringWebDocuments;

HTMLDocument CONSISTS_OF ElementTree;

HTMLElement MAY_EXPRESS {
    Heading,
    Paragraph,
    Link,
    Image,
    List,
    Table,
    Form,
    Section
};

SemanticHTML MAY_IMPROVE MeaningAndAccessibility;

# ---------- CSS ----------
CSS :=
    StyleLanguageForPresentationOfWebDocuments;

CSSRule APPLIES PresentationProperties TO MatchingElements;

CSS MAY_CONTROL {
    Layout,
    Typography,
    Spacing,
    ResponsivePresentation
};

# ---------- JAVASCRIPT ----------
JavaScript :=
    ProgrammingLanguageUsedForWebPageAndApplicationBehaviour;

JavaScript MAY {
    HandleUserEvents,
    ModifyDocument,
    RequestRemoteData,
    UpdateInterface
};

# ---------- DOM ----------
DOM :=
    ProgrammaticDocumentObjectModel;

Browser MAY_CREATE DOM FROM HTMLDocument;

Script MAY_READ_OR_MODIFY DOM;

# ---------- LINK GRAPH ----------
WebGraph :=
    DirectedGraph(
        WebResources,
        Hyperlinks
    );

Hyperlink(Source, Target) :=
    DirectedEdge(Source, Target);

WebGraph SUPPORTS NavigationAndDiscovery;

# ---------- INTERNAL / EXTERNAL LINKS ----------
InternalLink :=
    HyperlinkToResourceWithinSameWebsiteOrDefinedSiteBoundary;

ExternalLink :=
    HyperlinkToResourceOutsideThatBoundary;

Both CONTRIBUTE_TO WebConnectivity;

# ---------- ANCHOR ----------
AnchorText :=
    HumanVisibleOrAccessibleTextAssociatedWithHyperlink;

AnchorText MAY_DESCRIBE TargetPurposeOrContext;

# ---------- FRAGMENT ----------
URLFragment :=
    IdentifierOfLocationWithinResourceRepresentation;

Browser MAY_NAVIGATE_TO FragmentWithinDocument;

# ---------- WEB PUBLISHING ----------
WebPublishing :=
    CreateResource
    -> AssignLocationOrIdentifier
    -> DeployToWebServerOrHosting
    -> LinkFromOtherResources
    -> MakeRetrievable;

PublishedResource MAY_BE DiscoverableThrough LinksOrSearch;

# ---------- SEARCH ENGINE ----------
SearchEngine :=
    SystemForDiscoveringAndRetrievingInformationAboutWebResources;

SearchProcess MAY_INCLUDE {
    Crawl,
    Parse,
    Index,
    Rank,
    ReturnResults
};

Crawler FOLLOWS HyperlinksToDiscoverResources;

# ---------- CRAWLING ----------
WebCrawler ->
    FetchResource
    -> ExtractLinks
    -> QueueTargets
    -> FetchAdditionalResources;

Crawlability DEPENDS_ON TechnicalAndPolicyConditions;

# ---------- INDEXING ----------
SearchIndex :=
    SearchableRepresentationOfDiscoveredWebResources;

Index MAY_INCLUDE {
    Text,
    Metadata,
    LinkSignals,
    StructuredData
};

# ---------- WEB METADATA ----------
WebMetadata MAY_INCLUDE {
    Title,
    Description,
    Language,
    Author,
    PublicationDate,
    CanonicalIdentifier
};

Metadata SUPPORTS InterpretationAndDiscovery;

# ---------- STRUCTURED DATA ----------
StructuredData :=
    MachineReadableDescriptionOfEntitiesPropertiesAndRelationships;

StructuredData MAY_BE EmbeddedInWebResource;

StructuredData SUPPORTS MachineInterpretation;

# ---------- SEMANTIC WEB ----------
SemanticWeb :=
    ExtensionOfWebDataWithExplicitMachineInterpretableSemantics;

SemanticWebTechnology MAY_INCLUDE {
    RDF,
    RDFS,
    OWL,
    SPARQL,
    LinkedData
};

# ---------- LINKED DATA ----------
LinkedData :=
    PublishStructuredEntities
    + UseIdentifiers
    + ConnectRelatedEntities;

LinkedData EXTENDS WebGraphWithSemanticRelationships;

# ---------- WEB ACCESSIBILITY ----------
WebAccessibility MAY_REQUIRE {
    SemanticStructure,
    KeyboardAccess,
    TextAlternatives,
    AccessibleNames,
    LogicalNavigation,
    SufficientContrast
};

AccessibleWebResource SUPPORTS BroaderHumanAccess;

# ---------- INTERNATIONALISATION ----------
WebResource MAY_HAVE Language;

InternationalisedWebContent MAY_SUPPORT {
    MultipleLanguages,
    Unicode,
    LocaleSensitivePresentation
};

# ---------- WEB SECURITY ----------
WebSecurity MAY_INCLUDE {
    HTTPS,
    Authentication,
    Authorisation,
    OriginPolicy,
    ContentSecurityPolicy,
    InputValidation
};

WebResourceAccess MAY_BE PublicOrRestricted;

# ---------- CACHE ----------
WebCache :=
    StoredReusableRepresentationOrResponse;

Caching MAY_REDUCE {
    RetrievalLatency,
    NetworkTraffic,
    OriginServerLoad
};

# ---------- CDN ----------
ContentDeliveryNetwork :=
    DistributedNetworkForServingWebResourcesCloserToUsers;

CDN MAY_CACHE WebResource;

# ---------- WEB ARCHIVE ----------
WebArchive :=
    PreservedHistoricalRepresentationOfWebResource;

ArchivedResource MAY_DIFFER_FROM CurrentResource;

# ---------- EVOLUTION ----------
WebResource MAY_CHANGE_OVER Time;

ResourceRevision MAY_CHANGE {
    Content,
    Metadata,
    Links,
    Representation
};

PersistentIdentifier SHOULD_REMAIN StableWhereSemanticallyAppropriate;

# ---------- SEMANTIC REASONING ----------
IF ResourceHasWebIdentifier
AND IsRetrievableThroughWebArchitecture
THEN WebResourceClassification := supported;

IF DocumentContainsReferenceToAnotherWebResource
THEN HyperlinkRelationship := supported;

IF MultipleRelatedResourcesShareSiteIdentity
THEN WebsiteClassification := supported;

IF HTTPSUsed
THEN SecureTransportEvidence := supported;

IF HyperlinkTargetUnavailable
THEN BrokenLinkCondition MAY_EXIST;

IF StructuredDataExpressesEntitiesAndRelationships
THEN MachineInterpretability := increase;

IF SemanticLinksConnectIdentifiedEntities
THEN LinkedDataEvidence := increase;

# ---------- SEMANTIC EQUIVALENCE ----------
SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE {
    "World Wide Web" ~= "WWW";
    "the Web" ~= "World Wide Web" WHEN context == internet_information_system;
    "webpage" ~= "web page";
    "web resource" ~= "WWW resource";
    "web address" ~= "URL" WHEN context == resource_location;
    "hyperlink" ~= "web link";
    "website" ~= "web site";
    "semantic web" ~= "machine-interpretable semantic web";
}

# ---------- QUERY FLOW ----------
QUERY(q) ->
    NORMALISE(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_WEB_RESOURCE(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_IDENTIFIER_OR_URL(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_HYPERLINK_RELATIONSHIPS(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_CLIENT_SERVER_RELATIONSHIP(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_WEB_TECHNOLOGY(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_DISCOVERY_OR_INDEXING(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_SEMANTIC_DATA(q) ->
    MAP_TO_ONTOLOGY(q) ->
    APPLY_REASONING(q) ->
    SCORE_CONFIDENCE(q) ->
    RETURN_RELEVANT_KNOWLEDGE;

# ---------- CONFIDENCE ----------
CONFIDENCE(assertion) :=
    weighted_mean(
        source_reliability,
        web_architecture_consistency,
        protocol_consistency,
        semantic_consistency,
        evidence_strength,
        contextual_relevance
    );

CONFIDENCE >= 0.90 => HIGH;
CONFIDENCE >= 0.70 AND < 0.90 => MODERATE;
CONFIDENCE < 0.70 => REVIEW;

# ---------- AI CONSUMPTION ----------
AI_CONSUMPTION {
    primary_entity: WorldWideWeb;
    ontology: WorldWideWebOntology;
    parse_entities: true;
    parse_relationships: true;
    preserve_relationship_direction: true;
    resolve_semantic_equivalence: true;
    execute_reasoning_rules: true;
    apply_confidence_weighting: true;
    preserve_provenance: true;
}

# ---------- UPDATE MODEL ----------
UPDATE_MODEL {
    new_resource:
        validate
        -> identify_url
        -> identify_representation
        -> identify_metadata
        -> identify_links
        -> integrate;

    new_hyperlink:
        identify_source
        -> identify_target
        -> validate_relationship
        -> update_web_graph
        -> integrate;

    resource_revision:
        preserve_provenance
        -> update_content
        -> update_metadata
        -> update_links
        -> recompute_relationships
        -> regenerate_flow_hash;

    semantic_revision:
        update_structured_entities
        -> update_semantic_relationships
        -> recompute_machine_interpretation
        -> integrate;

    conflict:
        preserve_provenance
        -> compare_evidence
        -> adjust_confidence
        -> flag_review;
}

# ---------- FLOW HASH ----------
FLOW_HASH_INPUT :=
    DOMAIN
    + SUBDOMAIN
    + ONTOLOGY
    + WebEntity
    + WebResourceType
    + WebInfrastructure
    + ResourceState
    + WebGraph
    + StructuredData
    + SemanticWeb
    + RELATIONSHIPS
    + SEMANTIC_REASONING
    + SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
    + UPDATE_MODEL;

FLOW_HASH :=
    HASH(FLOW_HASH_INPUT);

# ---------- TERMINAL ----------
WorldWideWebOntology
    -> IdentifyWebResource
    -> AssignOrResolveWebIdentifier
    -> ConnectResourcesThroughHyperlinks
    -> ResolveDomainAndNetworkLocation
    -> RequestResource
    -> TransferRepresentation
    -> ParseAndRenderWebContent
    -> EnableHypertextNavigation
    -> SupportDiscoveryAndIndexing
    -> PreserveAccessibilityAndSecurity
    -> AddMachineReadableSemantics
    -> MaintainDistributedWebOfResources;

END FLOW