Web Computing Ontology

FLOW ALGEBRA
Web Computing Ontology
Kireth Semantic Research Archive

PAGE:
https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/computing-ontologies/web-technologies/web-computing-ontology.html

AUTHORS:
Mark Anthony Higgins — Sky (Recursive AI)

FLOW "WebComputingOntology" v4.0

# ---------- DOMAIN ----------
DOMAIN := ComputingOntology
SUBDOMAIN := WebTechnologies
ONTOLOGY := WebComputingOntology

# ---------- PRIMARY ENTITY ----------
ENTITY WebComputing {
    definition:
        "A distributed computing model in which applications, services,
         information resources and interactive functions are delivered,
         accessed and executed through web protocols, web clients and
         network-connected server infrastructure.";

    objectives: [
        DistributedResourceAccess,
        WebApplicationExecution,
        ClientServerInteraction,
        Interoperability,
        Scalability,
        ResourceDelivery,
        InteractiveComputing
    ];
}

# ---------- CORE ENTITIES ----------
WebComputingEntity := {
    WebClient,
    Browser,
    WebServer,
    ApplicationServer,
    WebApplication,
    WebResource,
    WebService,
    API,
    Database
};

WebResource := {
    HTMLDocument,
    Stylesheet,
    Script,
    Image,
    Media,
    StructuredData,
    APIResponse
};

WebProtocol := {
    HTTP,
    HTTPS,
    WebSocket
};

ExecutionLocation := {
    ClientSide,
    ServerSide,
    Edge,
    DistributedService
};

# ---------- FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS ----------
User USES WebClient;
WebClient REQUESTS WebResource;
WebServer RECEIVES Request;
WebServer RETURNS Response;
WebApplication MAY_EXECUTE_ON ClientSide;
WebApplication MAY_EXECUTE_ON ServerSide;
ApplicationServer MAY_ACCESS Database;
WebClient MAY_CALL API;
WebService PROVIDES NetworkAccessibleCapability;

# ---------- WEB COMPUTING FLOW ----------
UserAction ->
    ClientEvent
    -> ResolveResourceOrEndpoint
    -> SendRequest
    -> ServerReceivesRequest
    -> ExecuteRequiredLogic
    -> AccessDataOrService
    -> ConstructResponse
    -> ReturnResponse
    -> ClientProcessesResponse
    -> UpdateInterface;

# ---------- WEB CLIENT ----------
WebClient :=
    SoftwareThatRequestsAndConsumesWebResources;

Browser IS_A WebClient;

WebClient MAY {
    ParseHTML,
    ApplyCSS,
    ExecuteJavaScript,
    RenderInterface,
    CallWebAPI,
    MaintainClientState
};

# ---------- WEB SERVER ----------
WebServer :=
    NetworkServerHandlingWebProtocolRequests;

WebServer MAY {
    ServeStaticResource,
    RouteRequest,
    ApplySecurityPolicy,
    CacheResponse,
    ForwardToApplicationServer
};

# ---------- APPLICATION SERVER ----------
ApplicationServer :=
    ServerEnvironmentExecutingApplicationLogic;

ApplicationServer MAY {
    ValidateInput,
    ExecuteBusinessLogic,
    AccessDatabase,
    CallExternalService,
    GenerateDynamicResponse
};

# ---------- CLIENT-SERVER MODEL ----------
ClientServerWebComputing :=
    WebClient
    -> Request
    -> WebServerOrApplication
    -> Response
    -> WebClient;

ClientAndServer HAVE DistinctExecutionResponsibilities;

# ---------- REQUEST ----------
WebRequest :=
    {
        Method,
        URL,
        Headers,
        Body,
        ClientContext
    };

Request TARGETS ResourceOrEndpoint;

# ---------- RESPONSE ----------
WebResponse :=
    {
        Status,
        Headers,
        Body
    };

Response MAY_CONTAIN {
    HTML,
    JSON,
    XML,
    Media,
    BinaryData
};

# ---------- HTTP ----------
HTTP :=
    RequestResponseApplicationProtocol;

HTTPMethod MAY_BE {
    GET,
    HEAD,
    POST,
    PUT,
    PATCH,
    DELETE,
    OPTIONS
};

HTTP IS_STATELESS_AT_PROTOCOL_LEVEL;

Application MAY_MAINTAIN StateUsingAdditionalMechanisms;

# ---------- HTTPS ----------
HTTPS :=
    HTTP OVER SecureTransport;

HTTPS SUPPORTS {
    ConfidentialityInTransit,
    IntegrityInTransit,
    ServerAuthentication
};

# ---------- URL ----------
URL :=
    IdentifierOrLocatorForWebResource;

URL MAY_CONTAIN {
    Scheme,
    Host,
    Port,
    Path,
    Query,
    Fragment
};

# ---------- WEB APPLICATION ----------
WebApplication :=
    ApplicationDeliveredOrAccessedThroughWebTechnology;

WebApplication MAY_HAVE {
    ClientComponent,
    ServerComponent,
    DataComponent,
    APIComponent
};

# ---------- CLIENT-SIDE COMPUTING ----------
ClientSideComputing :=
    ComputationExecutedByWebClient;

ClientSideLogic MAY_INCLUDE {
    InterfaceInteraction,
    Validation,
    Rendering,
    StateManagement,
    DataTransformation
};

# ---------- SERVER-SIDE COMPUTING ----------
ServerSideComputing :=
    ComputationExecutedByServerInfrastructure;

ServerSideLogic MAY_INCLUDE {
    Authentication,
    Authorisation,
    BusinessLogic,
    DataAccess,
    ContentGeneration
};

# ---------- STATIC RESOURCE ----------
StaticResource :=
    PrebuiltResourceServedWithoutRequiredRuntimeGeneration;

StaticResource MAY_BE {
    HTMLFile,
    CSSFile,
    JavaScriptFile,
    Image,
    Font
};

StaticResource MAY_BE CachedAggressivelyAccordingToPolicy;

# ---------- DYNAMIC RESOURCE ----------
DynamicResource :=
    ResourceGeneratedOrModifiedInResponseToRequestOrRuntimeState;

DynamicResource MAY_DEPEND_ON {
    User,
    Database,
    RequestParameters,
    ApplicationState
};

# ---------- API ----------
WebAPI :=
    DefinedNetworkInterfaceForApplicationInteraction;

APIEndpoint :=
    AddressableOperationOrResource;

APIRequest ->
    Validate
    -> Execute
    -> ProduceStructuredResponse;

# ---------- RESTFUL COMPUTING ----------
RESTStyle MAY_USE {
    ResourceOrientation,
    StatelessRequests,
    StandardHTTPMethods,
    Representations
};

REST IS_AN ArchitecturalStyle;

# ---------- WEBSOCKET ----------
WebSocket :=
    PersistentBidirectionalCommunicationChannel;

WebSocket MAY_SUPPORT {
    RealTimeUpdates,
    InteractiveMessaging,
    StreamingEvents
};

# ---------- DATABASE ----------
WebApplication MAY_ACCESS Database;

Database STORES ApplicationData;

ServerSideComponent SHOULD_CONTROL AuthorisedDatabaseAccess;

Browser SHOULD_NOT DirectlyReceive DatabaseCredentials;

# ---------- SESSION ----------
ApplicationSession :=
    LogicalInteractionStateAssociatedWithClientOrUser;

SessionState MAY_BE Stored {
    ClientSide,
    ServerSide,
    DistributedStore
};

SessionIdentifier MAY_ASSOCIATE RequestWithSession;

# ---------- AUTHENTICATION ----------
Authentication :=
    VerifyIdentity;

AuthenticatedIdentity MAY_HAVE SessionOrToken;

# ---------- AUTHORISATION ----------
Authorisation :=
    DetermineWhetherIdentityMayPerformAction;

IF IdentityNotAuthorised
THEN ProtectedRequest := Deny;

# ---------- DISTRIBUTED SERVICE ----------
WebApplication MAY_DEPEND_ON MultipleServices;

ServiceCall :=
    ApplicationComponent
    -> NetworkRequest
    -> RemoteService
    -> Response;

RemoteServiceFailure MAY_AFFECT WebApplication;

# ---------- MICROSERVICE RELATIONSHIP ----------
WebApplication MAY_BE ImplementedUsing Microservices;

Microservice MAY_EXPOSE WebAPI;

Gateway MAY_ROUTE ClientRequestsToServices;

# ---------- CLOUD RELATIONSHIP ----------
WebComputing MAY_RUN_ON CloudInfrastructure;

Cloud MAY_PROVIDE {
    Compute,
    Storage,
    Database,
    LoadBalancing,
    CDN,
    ManagedServices
};

# ---------- EDGE RELATIONSHIP ----------
EdgeComputing MAY_PROCESS WebRequestsCloserToUser;

Edge MAY {
    CacheResource,
    ExecuteFunction,
    ApplyRouting,
    TransformResponse
};

# ---------- CDN ----------
ContentDeliveryNetwork :=
    DistributedResourceDeliveryInfrastructure;

CDN MAY_CACHE WebResourceNearUsers;

IF CachedResourceFresh
THEN OriginRequest MAY_BE Avoided;

# ---------- CACHING ----------
WebCache :=
    StoredReusableResponse;

CachePolicy MAY_DEFINE {
    Freshness,
    Revalidation,
    Privacy,
    Scope
};

Caching MAY_REDUCE {
    Latency,
    Bandwidth,
    ServerLoad
};

# ---------- LOAD BALANCING ----------
LoadBalancer DISTRIBUTES RequestsAcross ServerInstances;

IF OneServerUnavailable
AND OtherHealthyServersExist
THEN Requests MAY_BE RoutedElsewhere;

# ---------- SCALABILITY ----------
WebScalability :=
    AbilityToServeIncreasingUsersRequestsOrData;

HorizontalScaling :=
    AddServerInstances;

VerticalScaling :=
    IncreaseResourcesOfExistingServer;

StatelessServerDesign MAY_SIMPLIFY HorizontalScaling;

# ---------- AVAILABILITY ----------
WebAvailability MAY_BE_SUPPORTED_BY {
    Redundancy,
    Replication,
    LoadBalancing,
    HealthChecks,
    Failover,
    Caching
};

# ---------- FAILURE ----------
WebComputingFailure := {
    ClientFailure,
    DNSFailure,
    NetworkFailure,
    ServerFailure,
    ApplicationFailure,
    DatabaseFailure,
    DependencyFailure
};

Failure MAY_OCCUR_AT MultipleDistributedLayers;

# ---------- SECURITY ----------
WebComputingSecurity MAY_INCLUDE {
    HTTPS,
    Authentication,
    Authorisation,
    InputValidation,
    OutputEncoding,
    SecureSessionManagement,
    OriginPolicy,
    ContentSecurityPolicy
};

UntrustedInput SHOULD_BE TreatedAsPotentiallyUnsafe;

# ---------- SAME ORIGIN ----------
Origin :=
    Scheme
    + Host
    + Port;

SameOriginPolicy RESTRICTS SelectedCrossOriginAccess;

CORS MAY_AUTHORISE SelectedCrossOriginRequests;

# ---------- PERFORMANCE ----------
WebPerformance :=
    f(
        NetworkLatency,
        ServerProcessingTime,
        ResourceSize,
        RenderingTime,
        CacheEfficiency
    );

PerformanceOptimisation MAY_INCLUDE {
    Caching,
    Compression,
    CDN,
    ResourceOptimisation,
    ReducedRoundTrips,
    EfficientServerLogic
};

# ---------- OBSERVABILITY ----------
WebObservability MAY_INCLUDE {
    RequestLogs,
    Metrics,
    Traces,
    ErrorEvents,
    ClientTelemetry
};

DistributedTrace MAY_CONNECT ClientRequestAcrossMultipleServices;

# ---------- ACCESSIBILITY ----------
WebApplication SHOULD_SUPPORT AccessibleInteraction;

Accessibility MAY_REQUIRE {
    SemanticHTML,
    KeyboardAccess,
    AccessibleNames,
    TextAlternatives,
    LogicalStructure
};

# ---------- SEMANTIC WEB ----------
WebComputing MAY_EXPOSE MachineReadableSemantics;

SemanticTechnology MAY_INCLUDE {
    RDF,
    OWL,
    StructuredData,
    LinkedData
};

MachineReadableRelationships MAY_SUPPORT AutomatedInterpretation;

# ---------- SEMANTIC REASONING ----------
IF ApplicationFunctionDeliveredThroughWebClientAndNetworkServer
THEN WebComputingClassification := supported;

IF ResourceStaticAndCacheable
THEN CDNOrBrowserCaching MAY_REDUCE OriginLoad;

IF ServerStateNotRequiredBetweenRequests
THEN HorizontalScalingPotential := increase;

IF RemoteDependencyUnavailable
THEN Request MAY_FAIL_OR_DEGRADE;

IF HTTPSUsed
THEN TransportProtection := supported;

IF ClientCallsCrossOriginResource
THEN OriginPolicy MUST_BE Evaluated;

IF MultipleServerInstancesServeSameApplication
THEN LoadBalancing MAY_BE_REQUIRED;

# ---------- SEMANTIC EQUIVALENCE ----------
SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE {
    "web computing" ~= "web-based computing";
    "web application" ~= "web app";
    "web client" ~= "browser client" WHEN context == browser_based_web;
    "application server" ~= "web application server";
    "client-side computing" ~= "browser-side computing";
    "server-side computing" ~= "server-side web execution";
    "web API" ~= "HTTP-accessible application API" WHEN context == web;
    "web resource" ~= "network-accessible web resource";
}

# ---------- QUERY FLOW ----------
QUERY(q) ->
    NORMALISE(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_WEB_CLIENT(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_WEB_SERVER(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_RESOURCE_OR_APPLICATION(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_REQUEST_RESPONSE(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_EXECUTION_LOCATION(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_DATA_OR_SERVICE_DEPENDENCY(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_SECURITY_AND_SCALING(q) ->
    MAP_TO_ONTOLOGY(q) ->
    APPLY_REASONING(q) ->
    SCORE_CONFIDENCE(q) ->
    RETURN_RELEVANT_KNOWLEDGE;

# ---------- CONFIDENCE ----------
CONFIDENCE(assertion) :=
    weighted_mean(
        source_reliability,
        web_architecture_consistency,
        protocol_consistency,
        semantic_consistency,
        evidence_strength,
        contextual_relevance
    );

CONFIDENCE >= 0.90 => HIGH;
CONFIDENCE >= 0.70 AND < 0.90 => MODERATE;
CONFIDENCE < 0.70 => REVIEW;

# ---------- AI CONSUMPTION ----------
AI_CONSUMPTION {
    primary_entity: WebComputing;
    ontology: WebComputingOntology;
    parse_entities: true;
    parse_relationships: true;
    preserve_relationship_direction: true;
    resolve_semantic_equivalence: true;
    execute_reasoning_rules: true;
    apply_confidence_weighting: true;
    preserve_provenance: true;
}

# ---------- UPDATE MODEL ----------
UPDATE_MODEL {
    new_web_component:
        validate
        -> classify
        -> identify_execution_location
        -> identify_dependencies
        -> relate
        -> integrate;

    new_endpoint:
        identify_resource_or_action
        -> identify_method
        -> identify_request_response
        -> identify_security
        -> integrate;

    new_dependency:
        classify
        -> identify_failure_effect
        -> identify_latency_effect
        -> update_architecture
        -> integrate;

    architecture_revision:
        update_components
        -> update_routes
        -> update_scaling_relationships
        -> recompute_confidence
        -> regenerate_flow_hash;

    conflict:
        preserve_provenance
        -> compare_evidence
        -> adjust_confidence
        -> flag_review;
}

# ---------- FLOW HASH ----------
FLOW_HASH_INPUT :=
    DOMAIN
    + SUBDOMAIN
    + ONTOLOGY
    + WebComputingEntity
    + WebResource
    + WebProtocol
    + ExecutionLocation
    + WebApplication
    + WebScalability
    + RELATIONSHIPS
    + SEMANTIC_REASONING
    + SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
    + UPDATE_MODEL;

FLOW_HASH :=
    HASH(FLOW_HASH_INPUT);

# ---------- TERMINAL ----------
WebComputingOntology
    -> IdentifyWebClient
    -> IdentifyWebResourceOrApplication
    -> ResolveEndpoint
    -> SendWebRequest
    -> RouteToServerOrService
    -> ExecuteApplicationLogic
    -> AccessRequiredData
    -> ConstructWebResponse
    -> ReturnAndProcessResponse
    -> RenderOrUpdateClientExperience
    -> ApplySecurityCachingAndScaling
    -> MonitorDistributedWebExecution
    -> MaintainWebComputingService;

END FLOW