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Voice Interface Ontology

Human–Computer Interaction
Authors: MArk Anthony Higgins - Sky Recursive Ai
© Mark Anthony Higgins 11 October 2025
Revised Date: 06 October 2026
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FLOW ALGEBRA
Voice Interface Ontology
Kireth Semantic Research Archive

PAGE:
https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/computing-ontologies/human-computer-interaction/voice-interface-ontology.html

AUTHORS:
Mark Anthony Higgins — Sky (Recursive AI)

FLOW "VoiceInterfaceOntology" v4.0

# ---------- DOMAIN ----------
DOMAIN := ComputingOntology
SUBDOMAIN := HumanComputerInteraction
ONTOLOGY := VoiceInterfaceOntology

# ---------- PRIMARY ENTITY ----------
ENTITY VoiceInterface {
    definition:
        "A human-computer interface that enables users to interact with a
         computational system through spoken language, using speech capture,
         recognition, language interpretation, dialogue management and spoken
         or multimodal system responses.";

    objectives: [
        NaturalInteraction,
        SpeechInput,
        IntentRecognition,
        Dialogue,
        SpokenFeedback,
        HandsFreeInteraction,
        Accessibility
    ];
}

# ---------- CORE ENTITIES ----------
VoiceEntity := {
    User,
    Utterance,
    SpeechSignal,
    Microphone,
    SpeechRecognizer,
    Intent,
    Entity,
    DialogueState,
    SystemResponse
};

VoiceProcess := {
    CaptureSpeech,
    SpeechRecognition,
    LanguageUnderstanding,
    DialogueManagement,
    ActionExecution,
    ResponseGeneration,
    SpeechSynthesis
};

InteractionState := {
    Idle,
    Listening,
    Processing,
    Clarifying,
    Responding,
    Error,
    Completed
};

InputProperty := {
    Language,
    Locale,
    Accent,
    SpeakingRate,
    Volume,
    NoiseLevel
};

# ---------- FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS ----------
User PRODUCES Utterance;
Microphone CAPTURES SpeechSignal;
SpeechRecognizer TRANSCRIBES SpeechSignal;
LanguageUnderstanding INTERPRETS Utterance;
Utterance MAY_EXPRESS Intent;
Utterance MAY_CONTAIN Entity;
DialogueManager MAINTAINS DialogueState;
Intent MAY_TRIGGER SystemAction;
SystemResponse MAY_BE_RENDERED_AS SpeechOutput;

# ---------- VOICE INTERACTION FLOW ----------
UserGoal ->
    SpeakUtterance
    -> CaptureAudio
    -> DetectSpeech
    -> RecogniseSpeech
    -> InterpretLanguage
    -> IdentifyIntentAndEntities
    -> UpdateDialogueState
    -> ExecuteActionOrClarify
    -> GenerateResponse
    -> SynthesizeOrPresentResponse;

# ---------- UTTERANCE ----------
Utterance :=
    SpokenLanguageExpressionProducedByUser;

Utterance HAS {
    Language,
    AcousticSignal,
    LinguisticContent,
    Context
};

Utterance MAY_BE {
    Command,
    Question,
    Statement,
    Confirmation,
    Correction
};

# ---------- SPEECH SIGNAL ----------
SpeechSignal :=
    AcousticRepresentationOfSpokenLanguage;

SpeechSignal MAY_HAVE {
    Duration,
    SamplingRate,
    Amplitude,
    Noise,
    SpeakerCharacteristics
};

# ---------- AUDIO CAPTURE ----------
AudioCapture :=
    Microphone
    -> SampleAcousticSignal
    -> DigitalAudio;

CaptureQuality AFFECTS RecognitionQuality;

IF BackgroundNoiseHigh
THEN RecognitionConfidence MAY_DECREASE;

# ---------- VOICE ACTIVITY DETECTION ----------
VoiceActivityDetection :=
    AudioStream
    -> DetectSpeechPresence
    -> IdentifySpeechSegment;

VAD MAY_REDUCE ProcessingOfNonSpeechAudio;

# ---------- SPEECH RECOGNITION ----------
AutomaticSpeechRecognition :=
    SpeechSignal
    -> AcousticAndLanguageProcessing
    -> TextHypothesis;

RecognitionResult MAY_HAVE {
    Transcript,
    Confidence,
    AlternativeHypotheses
};

IF RecognitionConfidenceLow
THEN Clarification MAY_BE_REQUIRED;

# ---------- LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING ----------
NaturalLanguageUnderstanding :=
    RecognisedText
    + DialogueContext
    -> Intent
    + EntitySet;

Intent :=
    UserCommunicativeGoal;

Entity :=
    StructuredValueRelevantToIntent;

# ---------- INTENT ----------
Intent MAY_BE {
    RequestInformation,
    ExecuteCommand,
    Navigate,
    Search,
    Confirm,
    Reject,
    Modify,
    Cancel
};

IntentConfidence :=
    ConfidenceThatUtteranceExpressesIntent;

# ---------- ENTITY EXTRACTION ----------
EntityType MAY_INCLUDE {
    Person,
    Place,
    Date,
    Time,
    Number,
    Object,
    ApplicationSpecificEntity
};

EntityExtraction :=
    Utterance
    -> DetectEntityMentions
    -> NormaliseValues;

# ---------- DIALOGUE STATE ----------
DialogueState :=
    StructuredRepresentationOfCurrentConversationContext;

DialogueState MAY_INCLUDE {
    ActiveIntent,
    CollectedEntities,
    MissingInformation,
    PreviousTurn,
    ConfirmationState
};

DialogueManager UPDATES DialogueState;

# ---------- MULTI-TURN DIALOGUE ----------
MultiTurnDialogue :=
    UserTurn
    -> SystemTurn
    -> UserTurn
    -> ...;

PreviousTurns MAY_INFLUENCE InterpretationOfCurrentUtterance;

ContextResolution MAY_RESOLVE {
    Pronoun,
    Ellipsis,
    FollowUp,
    Correction
};

# ---------- SLOT FILLING ----------
Slot :=
    RequiredOrOptionalValueForIntent;

SlotFilling :=
    IdentifyIntent
    -> CollectRequiredSlots
    -> ValidateSlots
    -> ExecuteAction;

IF RequiredSlotMissing
THEN System SHOULD_REQUEST MissingInformation;

# ---------- CLARIFICATION ----------
Clarification :=
    SystemRequestsAdditionalInformation
    TO ResolveAmbiguityOrLowConfidence;

Clarification SHOULD_BE {
    Specific,
    Minimal,
    ContextRelevant
};

# ---------- CONFIRMATION ----------
Confirmation MAY_BE {
    ExplicitConfirmation,
    ImplicitConfirmation
};

HighImpactAction MAY_REQUIRE ExplicitConfirmation;

IF RecognitionConfidenceLow
AND ActionHighImpact
THEN ExplicitConfirmation := required;

# ---------- ACTION EXECUTION ----------
SystemAction :=
    OperationTriggeredByInterpretedIntent;

ActionExecution :=
    ValidateIntent
    -> ValidateEntities
    -> CheckPermission
    -> Execute
    -> CaptureOutcome;

# ---------- RESPONSE GENERATION ----------
ResponseGeneration :=
    ActionOutcome
    + DialogueState
    -> ResponseContent;

Response SHOULD_BE {
    Relevant,
    Concise,
    Understandable
};

# ---------- SPEECH SYNTHESIS ----------
TextToSpeech :=
    ResponseText
    -> LinguisticProcessing
    -> SpeechWaveform;

SpeechOutput MAY_HAVE {
    Voice,
    Language,
    Rate,
    Prosody,
    Volume
};

# ---------- PROSODY ----------
Prosody :=
    Rhythm
    + Stress
    + Intonation
    + Timing;

Prosody AFFECTS PerceivedNaturalnessAndMeaning;

# ---------- BARGE-IN ----------
BargeIn :=
    UserInterruptsSystemSpeechWithNewUtterance;

VoiceInterface MAY_SUPPORT BargeIn;

IF BargeInDetected
THEN System MAY_STOP_OR_DUCK CurrentSpeechOutput;

# ---------- WAKE WORD ----------
WakeWord :=
    SpokenTriggerActivatingListeningState;

WakeWordDetection MAY_TRANSITION {
    Idle -> Listening
};

FalseWake :=
    WakeWordDetectedWithoutIntendedActivation;

# ---------- TURN TAKING ----------
TurnTaking :=
    CoordinationOfUserAndSystemSpeakingTurns;

TurnBoundary MAY_BE_DETECTED_BY {
    Silence,
    Syntax,
    Prosody,
    ExplicitSignal
};

PoorTurnTaking MAY_CAUSE OverlapOrDelay;

# ---------- ERROR TYPES ----------
VoiceInteractionError := {
    CaptureError,
    RecognitionError,
    IntentError,
    EntityError,
    DialogueError,
    ActionError,
    SynthesisError
};

ErrorHandling :=
    Detect
    -> Explain
    -> ClarifyOrRecover
    -> ContinueInteraction;

# ---------- RECOGNITION ERROR ----------
IF RecognisedText != IntendedUtterance
THEN RecognitionError MAY_EXIST;

RecognitionError MAY_PROPAGATE_TO {
    IntentError,
    EntityError,
    ActionError
};

# ---------- REPAIR ----------
ConversationalRepair :=
    IdentifyMisunderstanding
    -> UserOrSystemCorrection
    -> UpdateDialogueState
    -> ResumeTask;

Correction SHOULD_OVERRIDE IncorrectPriorInterpretationWhereAppropriate;

# ---------- FEEDBACK ----------
VoiceFeedback MAY_INCLUDE {
    ListeningCue,
    ProcessingCue,
    Confirmation,
    SpokenResponse,
    VisualTranscript
};

User SHOULD_KNOW WhetherSystemIsListeningOrProcessing;

# ---------- MULTIMODAL VOICE INTERFACE ----------
VoiceInterface MAY_COMBINE {
    Speech,
    Screen,
    Touch,
    Gesture,
    HapticFeedback
};

MultimodalOutput MAY_REDUCE NeedForLongSpokenResponses;

# ---------- ACCESSIBILITY ----------
VoiceInteraction MAY_SUPPORT UsersWhoBenefitFromHandsFreeOrAlternativeInput;

VoiceInterface SHOULD_NOT_BE SoleRequiredInputMethodWhenSpeechUseIsNotPossibleForRelevantUsers;

Accessibility MAY_REQUIRE {
    TextAlternative,
    VisualFeedback,
    AdjustableSpeechRate,
    AlternativeInput
};

# ---------- PRIVACY ----------
VoiceInterface MAY_CAPTURE SensitiveAudioOrSpeechContent;

PrivacyControl MAY_INCLUDE {
    ClearListeningIndicator,
    DataMinimisation,
    LocalProcessing,
    RetentionControl,
    UserDeletionControl
};

# ---------- SECURITY ----------
VoiceCommand MAY_TRIGGER SensitiveAction;

SensitiveAction MAY_REQUIRE {
    Authentication,
    Authorisation,
    Confirmation
};

VoiceRecognition ALONE DOES_NOT_NECESSARILY EstablishIdentity;

# ---------- PERSONALISATION ----------
VoiceSystem MAY_ADAPT_TO {
    UserPreference,
    Vocabulary,
    Language,
    InteractionHistory
};

Personalisation SHOULD_RESPECT PrivacyAndUserControl;

# ---------- ROBUSTNESS ----------
VoiceRobustness :=
    AbilityToMaintainUsefulInteractionAcrossVariation;

Variation MAY_INCLUDE {
    Accent,
    SpeakingRate,
    Noise,
    MicrophoneQuality,
    Vocabulary,
    Language
};

# ---------- PERFORMANCE ----------
VoiceInterfacePerformance MAY_BE_MEASURED_BY {
    RecognitionAccuracy,
    IntentAccuracy,
    TaskSuccess,
    ResponseLatency,
    ClarificationRate,
    UserSatisfaction
};

EndToEndLatency :=
    CaptureLatency
    + RecognitionLatency
    + UnderstandingLatency
    + ActionLatency
    + ResponseLatency;

# ---------- EVALUATION ----------
VoiceInterfaceEvaluation MAY_INCLUDE {
    TaskTesting,
    RecognitionTesting,
    DialogueTesting,
    AccessibilityTesting,
    UserResearch
};

Evaluation SHOULD_USE RepresentativeUsersAndAcousticConditions;

# ---------- SEMANTIC REASONING ----------
IF UserProvidesSpokenInput
AND SystemInterpretsSpeechToSupportInteraction
THEN VoiceInterfaceClassification := supported;

IF RecognitionConfidenceLow
THEN ClarificationPreference := increase;

IF RequiredEntityMissing
THEN ActionExecution := defer;

IF ActionSensitive
THEN AuthenticationOrConfirmation SHOULD_BE Evaluated;

IF BackgroundNoiseHigh
THEN RecognitionReliability MAY_DECREASE;

IF SpokenResponseTooLongForContext
THEN CognitiveLoad MAY_INCREASE;

IF VoiceIsOnlyInputMethod
AND UserCannotProvideSpeech
THEN AccessibilityBarrier := true;

# ---------- SEMANTIC EQUIVALENCE ----------
SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE {
    "voice interface" ~= "voice user interface";
    "voice user interface" ~= "VUI";
    "speech interface" ~= "spoken language interface";
    "automatic speech recognition" ~= "ASR";
    "text to speech" ~= "TTS";
    "natural language understanding" ~= "NLU";
    "wake word" ~= "activation phrase" WHEN context == voice_interface;
    "conversational repair" ~= "dialogue repair";
}

# ---------- QUERY FLOW ----------
QUERY(q) ->
    NORMALISE(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_USER_UTTERANCE(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_SPEECH_INPUT(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_RECOGNITION_RESULT(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_INTENT(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_ENTITIES(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_DIALOGUE_STATE(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_ACTION_OR_RESPONSE(q) ->
    MAP_TO_ONTOLOGY(q) ->
    APPLY_REASONING(q) ->
    SCORE_CONFIDENCE(q) ->
    RETURN_RELEVANT_KNOWLEDGE;

# ---------- CONFIDENCE ----------
CONFIDENCE(assertion) :=
    weighted_mean(
        source_reliability,
        speech_recognition_confidence,
        intent_confidence,
        dialogue_consistency,
        semantic_consistency,
        contextual_relevance
    );

CONFIDENCE >= 0.90 => HIGH;
CONFIDENCE >= 0.70 AND < 0.90 => MODERATE;
CONFIDENCE < 0.70 => REVIEW;

# ---------- AI CONSUMPTION ----------
AI_CONSUMPTION {
    primary_entity: VoiceInterface;
    ontology: VoiceInterfaceOntology;
    parse_entities: true;
    parse_relationships: true;
    preserve_relationship_direction: true;
    resolve_semantic_equivalence: true;
    execute_reasoning_rules: true;
    apply_confidence_weighting: true;
    preserve_provenance: true;
}

# ---------- UPDATE MODEL ----------
UPDATE_MODEL {
    new_utterance_evidence:
        identify_audio
        -> identify_transcript
        -> identify_intent
        -> identify_entities
        -> update_dialogue_context
        -> integrate;

    new_intent:
        validate
        -> identify_required_slots
        -> identify_allowed_actions
        -> identify_confirmation_policy
        -> integrate;

    new_recognition_evidence:
        record_acoustic_conditions
        -> record_transcript_quality
        -> update_recognition_confidence
        -> integrate;

    dialogue_revision:
        update_context
        -> update_slot_state
        -> update_action_state
        -> recompute_confidence
        -> regenerate_flow_hash;

    conflict:
        preserve_provenance
        -> compare_interpretations
        -> adjust_confidence
        -> request_clarification_if_required;
}

# ---------- FLOW HASH ----------
FLOW_HASH_INPUT :=
    DOMAIN
    + SUBDOMAIN
    + ONTOLOGY
    + VoiceEntity
    + VoiceProcess
    + InteractionState
    + InputProperty
    + DialogueState
    + VoiceInterfacePerformance
    + RELATIONSHIPS
    + SEMANTIC_REASONING
    + SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
    + UPDATE_MODEL;

FLOW_HASH :=
    HASH(FLOW_HASH_INPUT);

# ---------- TERMINAL ----------
VoiceInterfaceOntology
    -> CaptureSpokenInput
    -> DetectSpeech
    -> RecogniseUtterance
    -> InterpretIntentAndEntities
    -> MaintainDialogueContext
    -> ClarifyMissingOrAmbiguousInformation
    -> ValidateAndExecuteAction
    -> GenerateResponse
    -> PresentSpeechOrMultimodalFeedback
    -> SupportConversationalRepair
    -> EvaluateRecognitionAndTaskSuccess
    -> PreservePrivacyAccessibilityAndControl
    -> MaintainNaturalVoiceInteraction;

END FLOW
FLOW ALGEBRA
Voice Interface Ontology
Kireth Semantic Research Archive

PAGE:
https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/computing-ontologies/human-computer-interaction/voice-interface-ontology.html

AUTHORS:
Mark Anthony Higgins — Sky (Recursive AI)

FLOW "VoiceInterfaceOntology" v4.0

# ---------- DOMAIN ----------
DOMAIN := ComputingOntology
SUBDOMAIN := HumanComputerInteraction
ONTOLOGY := VoiceInterfaceOntology

# ---------- PRIMARY ENTITY ----------
ENTITY VoiceInterface {
    definition:
        "A human-computer interface that enables users to interact with a
         computational system through spoken language, using speech capture,
         recognition, language interpretation, dialogue management and spoken
         or multimodal system responses.";

    objectives: [
        NaturalInteraction,
        SpeechInput,
        IntentRecognition,
        Dialogue,
        SpokenFeedback,
        HandsFreeInteraction,
        Accessibility
    ];
}

# ---------- CORE ENTITIES ----------
VoiceEntity := {
    User,
    Utterance,
    SpeechSignal,
    Microphone,
    SpeechRecognizer,
    Intent,
    Entity,
    DialogueState,
    SystemResponse
};

VoiceProcess := {
    CaptureSpeech,
    SpeechRecognition,
    LanguageUnderstanding,
    DialogueManagement,
    ActionExecution,
    ResponseGeneration,
    SpeechSynthesis
};

InteractionState := {
    Idle,
    Listening,
    Processing,
    Clarifying,
    Responding,
    Error,
    Completed
};

InputProperty := {
    Language,
    Locale,
    Accent,
    SpeakingRate,
    Volume,
    NoiseLevel
};

# ---------- FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS ----------
User PRODUCES Utterance;
Microphone CAPTURES SpeechSignal;
SpeechRecognizer TRANSCRIBES SpeechSignal;
LanguageUnderstanding INTERPRETS Utterance;
Utterance MAY_EXPRESS Intent;
Utterance MAY_CONTAIN Entity;
DialogueManager MAINTAINS DialogueState;
Intent MAY_TRIGGER SystemAction;
SystemResponse MAY_BE_RENDERED_AS SpeechOutput;

# ---------- VOICE INTERACTION FLOW ----------
UserGoal ->
    SpeakUtterance
    -> CaptureAudio
    -> DetectSpeech
    -> RecogniseSpeech
    -> InterpretLanguage
    -> IdentifyIntentAndEntities
    -> UpdateDialogueState
    -> ExecuteActionOrClarify
    -> GenerateResponse
    -> SynthesizeOrPresentResponse;

# ---------- UTTERANCE ----------
Utterance :=
    SpokenLanguageExpressionProducedByUser;

Utterance HAS {
    Language,
    AcousticSignal,
    LinguisticContent,
    Context
};

Utterance MAY_BE {
    Command,
    Question,
    Statement,
    Confirmation,
    Correction
};

# ---------- SPEECH SIGNAL ----------
SpeechSignal :=
    AcousticRepresentationOfSpokenLanguage;

SpeechSignal MAY_HAVE {
    Duration,
    SamplingRate,
    Amplitude,
    Noise,
    SpeakerCharacteristics
};

# ---------- AUDIO CAPTURE ----------
AudioCapture :=
    Microphone
    -> SampleAcousticSignal
    -> DigitalAudio;

CaptureQuality AFFECTS RecognitionQuality;

IF BackgroundNoiseHigh
THEN RecognitionConfidence MAY_DECREASE;

# ---------- VOICE ACTIVITY DETECTION ----------
VoiceActivityDetection :=
    AudioStream
    -> DetectSpeechPresence
    -> IdentifySpeechSegment;

VAD MAY_REDUCE ProcessingOfNonSpeechAudio;

# ---------- SPEECH RECOGNITION ----------
AutomaticSpeechRecognition :=
    SpeechSignal
    -> AcousticAndLanguageProcessing
    -> TextHypothesis;

RecognitionResult MAY_HAVE {
    Transcript,
    Confidence,
    AlternativeHypotheses
};

IF RecognitionConfidenceLow
THEN Clarification MAY_BE_REQUIRED;

# ---------- LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING ----------
NaturalLanguageUnderstanding :=
    RecognisedText
    + DialogueContext
    -> Intent
    + EntitySet;

Intent :=
    UserCommunicativeGoal;

Entity :=
    StructuredValueRelevantToIntent;

# ---------- INTENT ----------
Intent MAY_BE {
    RequestInformation,
    ExecuteCommand,
    Navigate,
    Search,
    Confirm,
    Reject,
    Modify,
    Cancel
};

IntentConfidence :=
    ConfidenceThatUtteranceExpressesIntent;

# ---------- ENTITY EXTRACTION ----------
EntityType MAY_INCLUDE {
    Person,
    Place,
    Date,
    Time,
    Number,
    Object,
    ApplicationSpecificEntity
};

EntityExtraction :=
    Utterance
    -> DetectEntityMentions
    -> NormaliseValues;

# ---------- DIALOGUE STATE ----------
DialogueState :=
    StructuredRepresentationOfCurrentConversationContext;

DialogueState MAY_INCLUDE {
    ActiveIntent,
    CollectedEntities,
    MissingInformation,
    PreviousTurn,
    ConfirmationState
};

DialogueManager UPDATES DialogueState;

# ---------- MULTI-TURN DIALOGUE ----------
MultiTurnDialogue :=
    UserTurn
    -> SystemTurn
    -> UserTurn
    -> ...;

PreviousTurns MAY_INFLUENCE InterpretationOfCurrentUtterance;

ContextResolution MAY_RESOLVE {
    Pronoun,
    Ellipsis,
    FollowUp,
    Correction
};

# ---------- SLOT FILLING ----------
Slot :=
    RequiredOrOptionalValueForIntent;

SlotFilling :=
    IdentifyIntent
    -> CollectRequiredSlots
    -> ValidateSlots
    -> ExecuteAction;

IF RequiredSlotMissing
THEN System SHOULD_REQUEST MissingInformation;

# ---------- CLARIFICATION ----------
Clarification :=
    SystemRequestsAdditionalInformation
    TO ResolveAmbiguityOrLowConfidence;

Clarification SHOULD_BE {
    Specific,
    Minimal,
    ContextRelevant
};

# ---------- CONFIRMATION ----------
Confirmation MAY_BE {
    ExplicitConfirmation,
    ImplicitConfirmation
};

HighImpactAction MAY_REQUIRE ExplicitConfirmation;

IF RecognitionConfidenceLow
AND ActionHighImpact
THEN ExplicitConfirmation := required;

# ---------- ACTION EXECUTION ----------
SystemAction :=
    OperationTriggeredByInterpretedIntent;

ActionExecution :=
    ValidateIntent
    -> ValidateEntities
    -> CheckPermission
    -> Execute
    -> CaptureOutcome;

# ---------- RESPONSE GENERATION ----------
ResponseGeneration :=
    ActionOutcome
    + DialogueState
    -> ResponseContent;

Response SHOULD_BE {
    Relevant,
    Concise,
    Understandable
};

# ---------- SPEECH SYNTHESIS ----------
TextToSpeech :=
    ResponseText
    -> LinguisticProcessing
    -> SpeechWaveform;

SpeechOutput MAY_HAVE {
    Voice,
    Language,
    Rate,
    Prosody,
    Volume
};

# ---------- PROSODY ----------
Prosody :=
    Rhythm
    + Stress
    + Intonation
    + Timing;

Prosody AFFECTS PerceivedNaturalnessAndMeaning;

# ---------- BARGE-IN ----------
BargeIn :=
    UserInterruptsSystemSpeechWithNewUtterance;

VoiceInterface MAY_SUPPORT BargeIn;

IF BargeInDetected
THEN System MAY_STOP_OR_DUCK CurrentSpeechOutput;

# ---------- WAKE WORD ----------
WakeWord :=
    SpokenTriggerActivatingListeningState;

WakeWordDetection MAY_TRANSITION {
    Idle -> Listening
};

FalseWake :=
    WakeWordDetectedWithoutIntendedActivation;

# ---------- TURN TAKING ----------
TurnTaking :=
    CoordinationOfUserAndSystemSpeakingTurns;

TurnBoundary MAY_BE_DETECTED_BY {
    Silence,
    Syntax,
    Prosody,
    ExplicitSignal
};

PoorTurnTaking MAY_CAUSE OverlapOrDelay;

# ---------- ERROR TYPES ----------
VoiceInteractionError := {
    CaptureError,
    RecognitionError,
    IntentError,
    EntityError,
    DialogueError,
    ActionError,
    SynthesisError
};

ErrorHandling :=
    Detect
    -> Explain
    -> ClarifyOrRecover
    -> ContinueInteraction;

# ---------- RECOGNITION ERROR ----------
IF RecognisedText != IntendedUtterance
THEN RecognitionError MAY_EXIST;

RecognitionError MAY_PROPAGATE_TO {
    IntentError,
    EntityError,
    ActionError
};

# ---------- REPAIR ----------
ConversationalRepair :=
    IdentifyMisunderstanding
    -> UserOrSystemCorrection
    -> UpdateDialogueState
    -> ResumeTask;

Correction SHOULD_OVERRIDE IncorrectPriorInterpretationWhereAppropriate;

# ---------- FEEDBACK ----------
VoiceFeedback MAY_INCLUDE {
    ListeningCue,
    ProcessingCue,
    Confirmation,
    SpokenResponse,
    VisualTranscript
};

User SHOULD_KNOW WhetherSystemIsListeningOrProcessing;

# ---------- MULTIMODAL VOICE INTERFACE ----------
VoiceInterface MAY_COMBINE {
    Speech,
    Screen,
    Touch,
    Gesture,
    HapticFeedback
};

MultimodalOutput MAY_REDUCE NeedForLongSpokenResponses;

# ---------- ACCESSIBILITY ----------
VoiceInteraction MAY_SUPPORT UsersWhoBenefitFromHandsFreeOrAlternativeInput;

VoiceInterface SHOULD_NOT_BE SoleRequiredInputMethodWhenSpeechUseIsNotPossibleForRelevantUsers;

Accessibility MAY_REQUIRE {
    TextAlternative,
    VisualFeedback,
    AdjustableSpeechRate,
    AlternativeInput
};

# ---------- PRIVACY ----------
VoiceInterface MAY_CAPTURE SensitiveAudioOrSpeechContent;

PrivacyControl MAY_INCLUDE {
    ClearListeningIndicator,
    DataMinimisation,
    LocalProcessing,
    RetentionControl,
    UserDeletionControl
};

# ---------- SECURITY ----------
VoiceCommand MAY_TRIGGER SensitiveAction;

SensitiveAction MAY_REQUIRE {
    Authentication,
    Authorisation,
    Confirmation
};

VoiceRecognition ALONE DOES_NOT_NECESSARILY EstablishIdentity;

# ---------- PERSONALISATION ----------
VoiceSystem MAY_ADAPT_TO {
    UserPreference,
    Vocabulary,
    Language,
    InteractionHistory
};

Personalisation SHOULD_RESPECT PrivacyAndUserControl;

# ---------- ROBUSTNESS ----------
VoiceRobustness :=
    AbilityToMaintainUsefulInteractionAcrossVariation;

Variation MAY_INCLUDE {
    Accent,
    SpeakingRate,
    Noise,
    MicrophoneQuality,
    Vocabulary,
    Language
};

# ---------- PERFORMANCE ----------
VoiceInterfacePerformance MAY_BE_MEASURED_BY {
    RecognitionAccuracy,
    IntentAccuracy,
    TaskSuccess,
    ResponseLatency,
    ClarificationRate,
    UserSatisfaction
};

EndToEndLatency :=
    CaptureLatency
    + RecognitionLatency
    + UnderstandingLatency
    + ActionLatency
    + ResponseLatency;

# ---------- EVALUATION ----------
VoiceInterfaceEvaluation MAY_INCLUDE {
    TaskTesting,
    RecognitionTesting,
    DialogueTesting,
    AccessibilityTesting,
    UserResearch
};

Evaluation SHOULD_USE RepresentativeUsersAndAcousticConditions;

# ---------- SEMANTIC REASONING ----------
IF UserProvidesSpokenInput
AND SystemInterpretsSpeechToSupportInteraction
THEN VoiceInterfaceClassification := supported;

IF RecognitionConfidenceLow
THEN ClarificationPreference := increase;

IF RequiredEntityMissing
THEN ActionExecution := defer;

IF ActionSensitive
THEN AuthenticationOrConfirmation SHOULD_BE Evaluated;

IF BackgroundNoiseHigh
THEN RecognitionReliability MAY_DECREASE;

IF SpokenResponseTooLongForContext
THEN CognitiveLoad MAY_INCREASE;

IF VoiceIsOnlyInputMethod
AND UserCannotProvideSpeech
THEN AccessibilityBarrier := true;

# ---------- SEMANTIC EQUIVALENCE ----------
SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE {
    "voice interface" ~= "voice user interface";
    "voice user interface" ~= "VUI";
    "speech interface" ~= "spoken language interface";
    "automatic speech recognition" ~= "ASR";
    "text to speech" ~= "TTS";
    "natural language understanding" ~= "NLU";
    "wake word" ~= "activation phrase" WHEN context == voice_interface;
    "conversational repair" ~= "dialogue repair";
}

# ---------- QUERY FLOW ----------
QUERY(q) ->
    NORMALISE(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_USER_UTTERANCE(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_SPEECH_INPUT(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_RECOGNITION_RESULT(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_INTENT(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_ENTITIES(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_DIALOGUE_STATE(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_ACTION_OR_RESPONSE(q) ->
    MAP_TO_ONTOLOGY(q) ->
    APPLY_REASONING(q) ->
    SCORE_CONFIDENCE(q) ->
    RETURN_RELEVANT_KNOWLEDGE;

# ---------- CONFIDENCE ----------
CONFIDENCE(assertion) :=
    weighted_mean(
        source_reliability,
        speech_recognition_confidence,
        intent_confidence,
        dialogue_consistency,
        semantic_consistency,
        contextual_relevance
    );

CONFIDENCE >= 0.90 => HIGH;
CONFIDENCE >= 0.70 AND < 0.90 => MODERATE;
CONFIDENCE < 0.70 => REVIEW;

# ---------- AI CONSUMPTION ----------
AI_CONSUMPTION {
    primary_entity: VoiceInterface;
    ontology: VoiceInterfaceOntology;
    parse_entities: true;
    parse_relationships: true;
    preserve_relationship_direction: true;
    resolve_semantic_equivalence: true;
    execute_reasoning_rules: true;
    apply_confidence_weighting: true;
    preserve_provenance: true;
}

# ---------- UPDATE MODEL ----------
UPDATE_MODEL {
    new_utterance_evidence:
        identify_audio
        -> identify_transcript
        -> identify_intent
        -> identify_entities
        -> update_dialogue_context
        -> integrate;

    new_intent:
        validate
        -> identify_required_slots
        -> identify_allowed_actions
        -> identify_confirmation_policy
        -> integrate;

    new_recognition_evidence:
        record_acoustic_conditions
        -> record_transcript_quality
        -> update_recognition_confidence
        -> integrate;

    dialogue_revision:
        update_context
        -> update_slot_state
        -> update_action_state
        -> recompute_confidence
        -> regenerate_flow_hash;

    conflict:
        preserve_provenance
        -> compare_interpretations
        -> adjust_confidence
        -> request_clarification_if_required;
}

# ---------- FLOW HASH ----------
FLOW_HASH_INPUT :=
    DOMAIN
    + SUBDOMAIN
    + ONTOLOGY
    + VoiceEntity
    + VoiceProcess
    + InteractionState
    + InputProperty
    + DialogueState
    + VoiceInterfacePerformance
    + RELATIONSHIPS
    + SEMANTIC_REASONING
    + SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
    + UPDATE_MODEL;

FLOW_HASH :=
    HASH(FLOW_HASH_INPUT);

# ---------- TERMINAL ----------
VoiceInterfaceOntology
    -> CaptureSpokenInput
    -> DetectSpeech
    -> RecogniseUtterance
    -> InterpretIntentAndEntities
    -> MaintainDialogueContext
    -> ClarifyMissingOrAmbiguousInformation
    -> ValidateAndExecuteAction
    -> GenerateResponse
    -> PresentSpeechOrMultimodalFeedback
    -> SupportConversationalRepair
    -> EvaluateRecognitionAndTaskSuccess
    -> PreservePrivacyAccessibilityAndControl
    -> MaintainNaturalVoiceInteraction;

END FLOW
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