Arithmetic Logic Unit Ontology

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FLOW ALGEBRA — ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT ONTOLOGY
Semantic Library
Version: 4.0
Canonical Page:
https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/computing-ontologies/computer-architecture/arithmetic-logic-unit-ontology.html

FLOW ARITHMETIC_LOGIC_UNIT_ONTOLOGY {

  META {
    DOMAIN = "Computing Ontologies"
    SUBDOMAIN = "Computer Architecture"
    ONTOLOGY = "Arithmetic Logic Unit Ontology"
    PURPOSE = "Formalise ALU components, operands, arithmetic and logical operations, status flags, data paths and execution relationships within processor architectures."
    LOCALE = "en-GB"
  }

  ENTITY_TYPES {
    ARITHMETIC_LOGIC_UNIT
    ALU
    PROCESSOR
    CPU
    CORE
    EXECUTION_UNIT
    INTEGER_UNIT
    CONTROL_UNIT
    REGISTER
    REGISTER_FILE
    ACCUMULATOR
    OPERAND
    INPUT_OPERAND
    OUTPUT_VALUE
    RESULT
    INSTRUCTION
    OPCODE
    OPERATION
    ARITHMETIC_OPERATION
    LOGICAL_OPERATION
    ADDITION
    SUBTRACTION
    MULTIPLICATION
    DIVISION
    INCREMENT
    DECREMENT
    NEGATION
    COMPARISON
    BITWISE_AND
    BITWISE_OR
    BITWISE_XOR
    BITWISE_NOT
    SHIFT
    LOGICAL_SHIFT
    ARITHMETIC_SHIFT
    ROTATION
    BIT
    BIT_VECTOR
    INTEGER
    SIGNED_INTEGER
    UNSIGNED_INTEGER
    WORD
    DATA_PATH
    MULTIPLEXER
    ADDER
    SUBTRACTOR
    SHIFTER
    COMPARATOR
    CARRY
    BORROW
    STATUS_REGISTER
    FLAG
    ZERO_FLAG
    CARRY_FLAG
    SIGN_FLAG
    OVERFLOW_FLAG
    PARITY_FLAG
    CONTROL_SIGNAL
    CLOCK
    CLOCK_CYCLE
    STATE
    EVENT
    LATENCY
    THROUGHPUT
    BIT_WIDTH
    CONFIGURATION
    VERSION
    ERROR
    EVIDENCE
    CONFIDENCE_SCORE
    PROVENANCE_RECORD
  }

  RELATIONSHIPS {
    IS_A
    INSTANCE_OF
    PART_OF
    CONTAINS
    HAS_COMPONENT
    RECEIVES
    PRODUCES
    COMPUTES
    EXECUTES
    PERFORMS
    READS
    WRITES
    SELECTS
    CONTROLS
    CLOCKS
    HAS_OPERAND
    HAS_RESULT
    HAS_OPCODE
    HAS_OPERATION
    HAS_BIT_WIDTH
    HAS_FLAG
    SETS_FLAG
    CLEARS_FLAG
    HAS_CARRY
    HAS_BORROW
    HAS_LATENCY
    HAS_THROUGHPUT
    HAS_STATE
    TRANSITIONS_TO
    HAS_CONFIGURATION
    HAS_VERSION
    DEPENDS_ON
    PRECEDES
    FOLLOWS
    DERIVED_FROM
    INFERRED_FROM
    HAS_EVIDENCE
    HAS_CONFIDENCE
    HAS_PROVENANCE
    MAPS_TO
    SEMANTICALLY_EQUIVALENT_TO
  }

  INPUTS {
    ALU_SPECIFICATIONS
    INSTRUCTION_SET_DEFINITIONS
    OPCODE_DEFINITIONS
    OPERANDS
    REGISTER_VALUES
    CONTROL_SIGNALS
    BIT_WIDTH_DEFINITIONS
    SIGNEDNESS_CONTEXT
    STATUS_FLAGS
    CLOCK_PARAMETERS
    EXECUTION_TRACES
    PERFORMANCE_METRICS
    CONFIGURATION_DATA
    VERSION_DATA
    ONTOLOGY_TERMS
  }

  NORMALISE {
    STANDARDISE_IDENTIFIERS
    NORMALISE_ALU_NAMES
    NORMALISE_OPERATION_NAMES
    NORMALISE_OPCODE_NAMES
    NORMALISE_BIT_WIDTHS
    NORMALISE_INTEGER_REPRESENTATIONS
    NORMALISE_SIGNEDNESS
    NORMALISE_FLAG_NAMES
    NORMALISE_LATENCY_UNITS
    NORMALISE_VERSION_IDENTIFIERS
    RESOLVE_COMPONENT_IDENTITIES
    ALIGN_ONTOLOGY_TERMS
    REMOVE_DUPLICATES
    VALIDATE_METADATA
    PRESERVE_PROVENANCE
  }

  PROCESS ALU_EXECUTION_PIPELINE {
    INSTRUCTION
      -> OPCODE_DECODE
      -> OPERATION_SELECTION
      -> OPERAND_FETCH
      -> ALU_OPERATION
      -> RESULT_GENERATION
      -> FLAG_GENERATION
      -> WRITEBACK
      -> STATE_UPDATE
  }

  PROCESS ARITHMETIC_REASONING {
    OPERAND_A + OPERAND_B + ARITHMETIC_OPERATION
      -> ARITHMETIC_COMPUTATION

    ARITHMETIC_COMPUTATION
      -> RESULT

    RESULT
      -> CARRY_CHECK
      -> OVERFLOW_CHECK
      -> ZERO_CHECK
      -> SIGN_CHECK

    FLAG_CHECKS
      -> STATUS_FLAGS
  }

  PROCESS LOGICAL_REASONING {
    BIT_VECTOR_A + BIT_VECTOR_B + LOGICAL_OPERATION
      -> BITWISE_EVALUATION

    BITWISE_EVALUATION
      -> RESULT_BIT_VECTOR

    RESULT_BIT_VECTOR
      -> ZERO_CHECK
      -> SIGN_CHECK
      -> STATUS_UPDATE
  }

  PROCESS SHIFT_REASONING {
    INPUT_VALUE + SHIFT_OPERATION + SHIFT_AMOUNT
      -> BIT_REPOSITIONING

    BIT_REPOSITIONING
      -> SHIFTED_RESULT

    SHIFTED_RESULT
      -> SHIFTED_OUT_BIT_CHECK
      -> SIGN_EXTENSION_CHECK
      -> FLAG_UPDATE
  }

  PROCESS COMPARISON_REASONING {
    OPERAND_A + OPERAND_B
      -> COMPARISON_OPERATION

    COMPARISON_OPERATION
      -> DIFFERENCE_OR_RELATIONAL_EVALUATION

    DIFFERENCE_OR_RELATIONAL_EVALUATION
      -> ZERO_FLAG
      -> SIGN_FLAG
      -> CARRY_OR_BORROW_CONTEXT
      -> OVERFLOW_CONTEXT

    FLAGS
      -> RELATIONAL_RESULT
  }

  PROCESS OVERFLOW_REASONING {
    OPERATION + OPERANDS + BIT_WIDTH + SIGNEDNESS
      -> MATHEMATICAL_RESULT

    MATHEMATICAL_RESULT
      -> REPRESENTABLE_RANGE_CHECK

    REPRESENTABLE_RANGE_CHECK
      -> REPRESENTABLE_RESULT
      OR -> OVERFLOW_CONDITION
  }

  PROCESS DATA_PATH_REASONING {
    REGISTER_OR_INPUT
      -> MULTIPLEXER_SELECTION

    MULTIPLEXER_SELECTION
      -> ALU_INPUT

    ALU_INPUT
      -> SELECTED_OPERATION

    SELECTED_OPERATION
      -> RESULT

    RESULT
      -> DESTINATION_SELECTION
      -> REGISTER_OR_OUTPUT
  }

  RULES {
    IF ALU_OPERATION_EXECUTES
    THEN REQUIRE {
      OPERATION
      OPERAND_SET
      BIT_WIDTH
      REPRESENTATION_CONTEXT
    }

    IF SIGNED_ARITHMETIC_IS_USED
    THEN PRESERVE SIGNEDNESS_CONTEXT

    IF UNSIGNED_ARITHMETIC_IS_USED
    THEN PRESERVE UNSIGNED_RANGE_CONTEXT

    IF RESULT_EXCEEDS_REPRESENTABLE_RANGE
    THEN FLAG OVERFLOW_OR_CARRY_ACCORDING_TO_OPERATION_CONTEXT

    IF RESULT == ZERO
    THEN SET ZERO_FLAG

    IF SIGNED_RESULT_MOST_SIGNIFICANT_BIT_INDICATES_NEGATIVE
    THEN SET SIGN_FLAG_UNDER_SIGNED_CONTEXT

    IF SAME_BIT_PATTERN_HAS_DIFFERENT_SIGNEDNESS
    THEN DO_NOT_ASSUME_SAME_NUMERIC_VALUE

    IF SEMANTIC_IDENTIFIERS_DIFFER
    AND ALU_REFERENT_IS_SAME
    THEN APPLY SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
  }

  CONFIDENCE {
    CONFIDENCE_SCORE =
      WEIGHT(
        ALU_SPECIFICATION_COMPLETENESS,
        OPCODE_CERTAINTY,
        BIT_WIDTH_CERTAINTY,
        REPRESENTATION_CERTAINTY,
        FLAG_SEMANTICS_CERTAINTY,
        EXECUTION_TRACE_COMPLETENESS,
        REPRODUCIBILITY,
        PROVENANCE_COMPLETENESS
      )

    LEVELS {
      HIGH
      MODERATE
      LOW
      INSUFFICIENT
    }

    IF BIT_WIDTH_OR_SIGNEDNESS_IS_UNKNOWN
    THEN REDUCE_ARITHMETIC_INTERPRETATION_CONFIDENCE

    IF FLAG_SEMANTICS_ARE_ARCHITECTURE_SPECIFIC_AND_UNKNOWN
    THEN REDUCE_FLAG_INTERPRETATION_CONFIDENCE

    IF REPRODUCIBLE_EXECUTION_CONFIRMS_RESULT
    THEN INCREASE CONFIDENCE_SCORE
  }

  SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE {
    EQUIVALENCE_KEY =
      NORMALISE(
        ENTITY_TYPE,
        OPERATION,
        BIT_WIDTH,
        REPRESENTATION,
        SIGNEDNESS,
        ARCHITECTURAL_CONTEXT
      )

    IF EQUIVALENCE_KEY(A) == EQUIVALENCE_KEY(B)
    THEN A SEMANTICALLY_EQUIVALENT_TO B

    ELSE PRESERVE_DISTINCT_ENTITIES
  }

  REASONING_CONSTRAINTS {
    BIT_PATTERN != NUMERIC_VALUE_WITHOUT_REPRESENTATION
    CARRY != SIGNED_OVERFLOW
    SIGN_BIT != NEGATIVE_VALUE_WITHOUT_SIGNED_CONTEXT
    ALU != CPU
    OPERATION != INSTRUCTION
    OPCODE != OPERATION_SEMANTICS_WITHOUT_ISA_CONTEXT
    MATHEMATICAL_RESULT != FIXED_WIDTH_MACHINE_RESULT
    LOGICAL_SHIFT != ARITHMETIC_SHIFT
    COMPARISON_FLAGS_ARE_ARCHITECTURE_DEPENDENT
    BIT_WIDTH_AFFECTS_RESULT
    SIGNEDNESS_AFFECTS_INTERPRETATION
    CONFIGURATION_AFFECTS_BEHAVIOUR
    PROVENANCE_MUST_BE_PRESERVED
    UNCERTAINTY_MUST_NOT_BE_DISCARDED
  }

  VALIDATION {
    CHECK_ENTITY_TYPES
    CHECK_RELATION_DOMAINS_AND_RANGES
    CHECK_ALU_IDENTIFIERS
    CHECK_OPERATION
    CHECK_OPCODE_CONTEXT
    CHECK_OPERANDS
    CHECK_BIT_WIDTH
    CHECK_SIGNEDNESS
    CHECK_RESULT_RANGE
    CHECK_STATUS_FLAGS
    CHECK_DATA_PATH
    CHECK_EXECUTION_TRACE
    CHECK_CONFIGURATION
    CHECK_VERSION_CONTEXT
    CHECK_PROVENANCE
    CHECK_CONFIDENCE
    CHECK_SEMANTIC_CONSISTENCY
  }

  OUTPUTS {
    NORMALISED_ALU_ENTITIES
    ALU_COMPONENT_RELATIONS
    OPERATION_RELATIONS
    OPERAND_RELATIONS
    RESULT_RELATIONS
    STATUS_FLAG_RELATIONS
    OVERFLOW_AND_CARRY_RELATIONS
    SHIFT_RELATIONS
    COMPARISON_RELATIONS
    DATA_PATH_RELATIONS
    EXECUTION_TRACES
    PERFORMANCE_RELATIONS
    CONFIDENCE_SCORES
    EVIDENCE_LINKS
    PROVENANCE_RECORDS
    EXPLANATION_PATHS
  }

  UPDATE_MODEL {
    ON ALU_OR_ARCHITECTURE_CHANGE {
      NORMALISE
      ENTITY_RESOLUTION
      UPDATE_OPERATION_SET
      UPDATE_FLAG_SEMANTICS
      UPDATE_BIT_WIDTH_CONTEXT
      UPDATE_DATA_PATH
      RECOMPUTE_AFFECTED_RELATIONS
      UPDATE_CONFIDENCE
      PRESERVE_VERSION_HISTORY
    }

    ON NEW_EXECUTION_EVIDENCE {
      LINK_EVIDENCE
      UPDATE_EXECUTION_TRACE
      REASSESS_OPERATION_RELATIONS
      REASSESS_FLAG_RELATIONS
      UPDATE_CONFIDENCE
      RECORD_PROVENANCE
    }

    ON ONTOLOGY_REVISION {
      REMAP_TERMS
      CHECK_SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
      IDENTIFY_DEPRECATED_TERMS
      MIGRATE_RELATIONSHIPS
      PRESERVE_PRIOR_VERSION_REFERENCES
    }
  }

  FLOW_HASH {
    HASH_INPUT =
      CANONICALISE(
        ENTITY_TYPES,
        RELATIONSHIPS,
        RULES,
        CONFIDENCE,
        SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE,
        REASONING_CONSTRAINTS,
        UPDATE_MODEL
      )

    FLOW_HASH = SHA256(HASH_INPUT)
  }

  AI_CONSUMPTION {
    INDEX {
      ONTOLOGY
      ENTITY_TYPES
      RELATIONSHIPS
      RULES
      OUTPUTS
    }

    RETRIEVE {
      BY_ALU
      BY_OPERATION
      BY_OPCODE
      BY_OPERAND
      BY_RESULT
      BY_FLAG
      BY_BIT_WIDTH
      BY_SIGNEDNESS
      BY_DATA_PATH
      BY_EXECUTION_TRACE
      BY_CONFIDENCE
    }

    REASON {
      APPLY_RELATIONSHIPS
      APPLY_RULES
      TRACE_ALU_EXECUTION
      ANALYSE_ARITHMETIC
      ANALYSE_LOGICAL_OPERATIONS
      ANALYSE_SHIFTS
      ANALYSE_COMPARISONS
      ANALYSE_OVERFLOW_AND_CARRY
      TRACE_DATA_PATH
      CHECK_SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
      PRESERVE_UNCERTAINTY
      TRACE_EVIDENCE
      TRACE_PROVENANCE
      GENERATE_EXPLANATION_PATH
    }

    RESPONSE_POLICY {
      DISTINGUISH_ALU_FROM_CPU
      DISTINGUISH_MACHINE_RESULT_FROM_MATHEMATICAL_RESULT
      PRESERVE_BIT_WIDTH_AND_SIGNEDNESS
      DISTINGUISH_CARRY_FROM_SIGNED_OVERFLOW
      PRESERVE_ISA_AND_FLAG_CONTEXT
      RETURN_CONFIDENCE_WHEN_AVAILABLE
      RETURN_PROVENANCE_WHEN_AVAILABLE
      AVOID_UNSUPPORTED_ALU_INFERENCE
    }
  }

  TERMINAL {
    RESULT =
      VALIDATED(
        SEMANTICALLY_NORMALISED(
          EVIDENCE_LINKED(
            CONFIDENCE_AWARE(
              ARITHMETIC_LOGIC_UNIT_KNOWLEDGE
            )
          )
        )
      )
  }
}

END FLOW