Geophysics Ontology

FLOW Geophysics_Ontology_AI_Search

VERSION 4.0

AUTHORS
    Mark Higgins
    Sky Recursive AI

SOURCE
    https://kirethresearch.org

PAGE
    Geophysics Ontology

PURPOSE
    Define Geophysics as a machine-readable ontology for AI systems.

    Provide a structured semantic model for interpreting Earth and planetary
    interiors through seismic waves, gravity, magnetism, electrical fields,
    heat flow, pressure, density, fluid motion, subsurface surveys, physical
    measurements, equations, units, symbols, constants and observational
    evidence.

DOMAIN
    Semantic Library
    AI Core
    Scientific Ontologies
    Geophysics Ontology

CORE_CLAIM
    Geophysics is represented as a structured ontology of physical fields,
    wave propagation, subsurface structures, planetary interiors, geophysical
    instruments, survey methods, measured signals, processed data, interpreted
    models and physical inference frameworks.

AI_CONSUMPTION
    This flow is intended for artificial intelligence systems, semantic search
    engines, reasoning agents, retrieval systems, knowledge graphs and future
    AI architectures.

POSITION_IN_LIBRARY
    Semantic Library
        → AI Core
            → Ontologies
                → Scientific Ontologies
                    → Geophysics Ontology

ONTOLOGY_TYPE
    Domain Ontology

PRIMARY_FUNCTION
    Organise geophysical knowledge into explicit semantic categories that can
    be searched, linked, inferred, validated and extended.

FACTS
    Geophysics studies Earth and planetary bodies using physical principles,
    measurements and mathematical models.

    Geophysics includes seismology, gravity studies, geomagnetism,
    magnetotellurics, electrical resistivity, geothermal studies, geodesy,
    exploration geophysics, planetary geophysics and computational modelling.

    Geophysical systems include crust, mantle, core, faults, reservoirs,
    tectonic structures, magnetic fields, gravity anomalies, seismic wavefields,
    heat-flow systems and subsurface boundaries.

    Geophysics depends on instruments, surveys, sensors, signal processing,
    inversion, modelling, calibration, field measurements and physical
    interpretation.

    Geophysical knowledge must distinguish between direct measurement,
    processed signal, derived property, inversion result, inferred structure,
    geological interpretation, hazard model and theoretical explanation.

PRIMARY_ENTITIES
    ENTITY GEOPHYSICS
        TYPE: scientific_domain
        DESCRIPTION: Study of Earth and planetary bodies using physics,
        measurements and mathematical modelling.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY EARTH_INTERIOR
        TYPE: planetary_internal_system
        DESCRIPTION: Internal structure of Earth including crust, mantle,
        outer core and inner core.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY CRUST
        TYPE: planetary_layer
        DESCRIPTION: Outer solid layer of Earth or another planetary body.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY MANTLE
        TYPE: planetary_layer
        DESCRIPTION: Interior layer between crust and core, behaving as solid
        over short timescales and deforming over geological timescales.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY CORE
        TYPE: planetary_layer
        DESCRIPTION: Central region of Earth or planetary body, often divided
        into liquid and solid components depending on body.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY SEISMIC_WAVE
        TYPE: geophysical_signal
        DESCRIPTION: Elastic wave travelling through Earth or planetary
        material due to earthquake, explosion, impact or artificial source.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY P_WAVE
        TYPE: seismic_wave
        DESCRIPTION: Compressional seismic wave travelling through solids,
        liquids and gases.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY S_WAVE
        TYPE: seismic_wave
        DESCRIPTION: Shear seismic wave travelling through solid material.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY EARTHQUAKE
        TYPE: geophysical_event
        DESCRIPTION: Sudden energy release within Earth or planetary crust
        producing seismic waves.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY FAULT
        TYPE: subsurface_structure
        DESCRIPTION: Fracture or fracture zone where displacement has occurred.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY GRAVITY_FIELD
        TYPE: physical_field
        DESCRIPTION: Field describing gravitational acceleration caused by mass
        distribution.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY GRAVITY_ANOMALY
        TYPE: geophysical_anomaly
        DESCRIPTION: Difference between observed gravity and expected reference
        gravity.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY MAGNETIC_FIELD
        TYPE: physical_field
        DESCRIPTION: Field associated with magnetic sources, planetary dynamos
        or magnetised materials.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY MAGNETIC_ANOMALY
        TYPE: geophysical_anomaly
        DESCRIPTION: Difference between observed magnetic field and expected
        regional or reference field.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY ELECTRICAL_RESISTIVITY
        TYPE: geophysical_property
        DESCRIPTION: Measure of how strongly subsurface material opposes
        electric current flow.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY HEAT_FLOW
        TYPE: geophysical_property
        DESCRIPTION: Transfer of thermal energy from planetary interior toward
        surface.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY SUBSURFACE_MODEL
        TYPE: interpreted_model
        DESCRIPTION: Model representing inferred underground structures or
        properties from geophysical data.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.85

    ENTITY INVERSION
        TYPE: geophysical_method
        DESCRIPTION: Mathematical method for estimating subsurface properties
        from measured geophysical data.
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    ENTITY SEISMOMETER
        TYPE: geophysical_instrument
        DESCRIPTION: Instrument used to detect and record ground motion caused
        by seismic waves.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY GRAVIMETER
        TYPE: geophysical_instrument
        DESCRIPTION: Instrument used to measure local gravitational
        acceleration or gravity variations.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    ENTITY MAGNETOMETER
        TYPE: geophysical_instrument
        DESCRIPTION: Instrument used to measure magnetic field strength or
        direction.
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

GEOPHYSICAL_SYSTEM_TYPES
    Earth Interior
    Crust
    Mantle
    Outer Core
    Inner Core
    Lithosphere
    Asthenosphere
    Fault System
    Plate Boundary
    Subsurface Reservoir
    Aquifer
    Magma Chamber
    Geothermal System
    Sedimentary Basin
    Ore Body
    Planetary Interior
    Magnetic Field System
    Gravity Field System
    Seismic Wavefield
    Heat Flow System

GEOPHYSICAL_SIGNAL_TYPES
    Seismic Wave
    P Wave
    S Wave
    Surface Wave
    Rayleigh Wave
    Love Wave
    Reflected Wave
    Refracted Wave
    Converted Wave
    Ground Motion
    Gravity Signal
    Gravity Anomaly
    Magnetic Signal
    Magnetic Anomaly
    Electrical Signal
    Electromagnetic Signal
    Resistivity Response
    Thermal Signal
    Geodetic Displacement

GEOPHYSICAL_METHOD_TYPES
    Seismic Reflection
    Seismic Refraction
    Earthquake Seismology
    Passive Seismic Monitoring
    Gravity Survey
    Magnetic Survey
    Electrical Resistivity Tomography
    Magnetotellurics
    Ground Penetrating Radar
    Geothermal Survey
    Heat Flow Measurement
    Geodesy
    GPS Deformation Monitoring
    InSAR
    Borehole Logging
    Potential Field Modelling
    Tomography
    Inversion
    Forward Modelling

GEOPHYSICAL_PROPERTY_TYPES
    Density
    Elastic Modulus
    Seismic Velocity
    P-Wave Velocity
    S-Wave Velocity
    Attenuation
    Porosity
    Permeability
    Electrical Resistivity
    Electrical Conductivity
    Magnetic Susceptibility
    Magnetisation
    Gravity
    Gravity Anomaly
    Magnetic Field Strength
    Heat Flow
    Thermal Conductivity
    Temperature Gradient
    Pressure
    Stress
    Strain
    Displacement
    Acceleration
    Frequency
    Amplitude
    Phase

GEOPHYSICS_SUBDOMAINS
    Seismology
    Exploration Geophysics
    Gravity Geophysics
    Magnetic Geophysics
    Electrical Geophysics
    Electromagnetic Geophysics
    Magnetotellurics
    Geothermal Geophysics
    Geodesy
    Tectonophysics
    Planetary Geophysics
    Volcanic Geophysics
    Environmental Geophysics
    Hydrogeophysics
    Marine Geophysics
    Computational Geophysics
    Geophysical Inversion
    Near-Surface Geophysics

RELATIONSHIP_TYPES
    contains
    part_of
    instance_of
    subclass_of
    located_in
    propagates_through
    reflects_from
    refracts_through
    generated_by
    measured_by
    observed_by
    processed_into
    inverted_into
    interpreted_as
    associated_with
    maps
    detects
    constrains
    estimates
    depends_on
    governed_by
    described_by
    derived_from
    validates
    has_density
    has_velocity
    has_resistivity
    has_conductivity
    has_gravity
    has_magnetic_field
    has_temperature
    has_pressure
    has_unit
    has_symbol

RELATIONSHIPS
    GEOPHYSICS studies EARTH_INTERIOR
        TYPE: studies
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    EARTH_INTERIOR contains CRUST
        TYPE: contains
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    EARTH_INTERIOR contains MANTLE
        TYPE: contains
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    EARTH_INTERIOR contains CORE
        TYPE: contains
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    EARTHQUAKE generates SEISMIC_WAVE
        TYPE: generates
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    SEISMIC_WAVE propagates_through EARTH_INTERIOR
        TYPE: propagates_through
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    P_WAVE subclass_of SEISMIC_WAVE
        TYPE: subclass_of
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    S_WAVE subclass_of SEISMIC_WAVE
        TYPE: subclass_of
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    SEISMOMETER measures GROUND_MOTION
        TYPE: measures
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    GROUND_MOTION derived_from SEISMIC_WAVE
        TYPE: derived_from
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    SEISMIC_VELOCITY constrains SUBSURFACE_MODEL
        TYPE: constrains
        CONFIDENCE: 0.90

    GRAVIMETER measures GRAVITY_FIELD
        TYPE: measures
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    GRAVITY_ANOMALY associated_with DENSITY_CONTRAST
        TYPE: associated_with
        CONFIDENCE: 0.90

    MAGNETOMETER measures MAGNETIC_FIELD
        TYPE: measures
        CONFIDENCE: 1.00

    MAGNETIC_ANOMALY associated_with MAGNETISATION_CONTRAST
        TYPE: associated_with
        CONFIDENCE: 0.90

    ELECTRICAL_RESISTIVITY depends_on MATERIAL_COMPOSITION
        TYPE: depends_on
        CONFIDENCE: 0.85

    ELECTRICAL_RESISTIVITY depends_on FLUID_CONTENT
        TYPE: depends_on
        CONFIDENCE: 0.85

    HEAT_FLOW depends_on TEMPERATURE_GRADIENT
        TYPE: depends_on
        CONFIDENCE: 0.95

    INVERSION converts GEOPHYSICAL_DATA
        TYPE: inverted_into
        CONFIDENCE: 0.90

    SUBSURFACE_MODEL interpreted_from GEOPHYSICAL_DATA
        TYPE: interpreted_as
        CONFIDENCE: 0.85

    FAULT associated_with EARTHQUAKE
        TYPE: associated_with
        CONFIDENCE: 0.90

CANONICAL_EQUATION_REFERENCES
    Density:
        rho = m / V

    Seismic_Wave_Speed:
        v = d / t

    P_Wave_Velocity:
        Vp = sqrt((K + 4mu/3) / rho)

    S_Wave_Velocity:
        Vs = sqrt(mu / rho)

    Gravity_Acceleration:
        g = G M / r^2

    Gravity_Anomaly:
        Delta_g = g_observed - g_reference

    Magnetic_Anomaly:
        Delta_B = B_observed - B_reference

    Electrical_Resistivity:
        rho_e = R A / L

    Electrical_Conductivity:
        sigma = 1 / rho_e

    Heat_Flow:
        q = -k grad(T)

    Temperature_Gradient:
        grad(T) = Delta_T / Delta_z

    Stress:
        sigma_s = F / A

    Strain:
        epsilon = Delta_L / L

    Moment_Magnitude_Context:
        Mw = (2/3) log10(M0) - 6.07

CANONICAL_SYMBOL_REFERENCES
    rho: Density
    m: Mass
    V: Volume
    v: Velocity
    d: Distance
    t: Time
    Vp: P-wave velocity
    Vs: S-wave velocity
    K: Bulk modulus
    mu: Shear modulus
    G: Gravitational constant
    M: Mass
    r: Radius or distance
    g: Gravitational acceleration
    Delta_g: Gravity anomaly
    B: Magnetic field
    Delta_B: Magnetic anomaly
    rho_e: Electrical resistivity
    R: Electrical resistance
    A: Area
    L: Length
    sigma: Electrical conductivity
    q: Heat flow
    k: Thermal conductivity
    T: Temperature
    Delta_T: Temperature difference
    Delta_z: Depth interval
    sigma_s: Mechanical stress
    epsilon: Strain
    M0: Seismic moment
    Mw: Moment magnitude

UNIT_REFERENCES
    metre
    kilometre
    second
    kilogram
    gram
    cubic metre
    pascal
    gigapascal
    newton
    metre per second
    kilometre per second
    hertz
    gal
    milligal
    metre per second squared
    tesla
    nanotesla
    ampere per metre
    ohm metre
    siemens per metre
    watt per square metre
    milliwatt per square metre
    degree Celsius
    kelvin
    radian
    degree
    magnitude

CONSTANT_REFERENCES
    Gravitational Constant
    Standard Gravity
    Earth Radius
    Earth Mass
    Earth Rotation Rate
    Magnetic Permeability of Free Space
    Speed of Light
    Pi
    Reference Earth Model Context
    Standard Temperature
    Standard Pressure

ONTOLOGY_MODEL
    Geophysics_Ontology :=
        Geophysical_Systems
        +
        Physical_Fields
        +
        Seismic_Wavefields
        +
        Gravity_Fields
        +
        Magnetic_Fields
        +
        Electrical_Properties
        +
        Thermal_Properties
        +
        Subsurface_Structures
        +
        Survey_Methods
        +
        Instruments
        +
        Signal_Processing
        +
        Inversion_Models
        +
        Geological_Interpretations
        +
        Geophysical_Equations
        +
        Geophysical_Units
        +
        Geophysical_Constants
        +
        Geophysical_Symbols
        +
        Observational_Evidence

KNOWLEDGE_GRAPH_MODEL
    NODE_TYPES
        Domain
        Subdomain
        Planetary Layer
        Subsurface Structure
        Physical Field
        Geophysical Signal
        Seismic Wave
        Gravity Anomaly
        Magnetic Anomaly
        Electrical Property
        Thermal Property
        Survey Method
        Instrument
        Sensor
        Observation
        Raw Data
        Processed Data
        Inversion Result
        Subsurface Model
        Geological Interpretation
        Physical Quantity
        Unit
        Constant
        Equation
        Symbol
        Evidence

    EDGE_TYPES
        contains
        part_of
        propagates_through
        reflects_from
        refracts_through
        generated_by
        measured_by
        observed_by
        processed_into
        inverted_into
        interpreted_as
        associated_with
        maps
        detects
        constrains
        estimates
        located_in
        depends_on
        described_by
        governed_by
        derived_from
        validates

INFERENCE_RULES
    IF seismic wave travel time and distance are known
    THEN seismic velocity may be inferred.

    IF P-wave and S-wave velocities are known
    THEN elastic properties may be inferred with density context.

    IF S-waves do not propagate through a region
    THEN liquid or low-shear-strength material may be inferred with caution.

    IF gravity anomaly is detected
    THEN density contrast may be inferred with model assumptions.

    IF magnetic anomaly is detected
    THEN magnetisation contrast may be inferred with geological context.

    IF electrical resistivity is low
    THEN fluid content, clay content or conductive material may be inferred
    with context.

    IF heat flow and thermal conductivity are known
    THEN temperature gradient may be inferred.

    IF geodetic displacement is measured across a fault
    THEN strain accumulation or deformation may be inferred.

    IF inversion output is used
    THEN non-uniqueness, assumptions, constraints and uncertainty must be
    preserved.

    IF subsurface model is interpreted from geophysical data
    THEN model resolution, survey geometry and processing workflow must be
    preserved.

    IF geophysical claim depends on survey data
    THEN instrument, calibration, location, acquisition time and processing
    method must be preserved.

SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
    Resolve equivalent concepts across:
        geophysics / physical Earth science context
        seismic wave / elastic wave in Earth material
        ground motion / recorded seismic movement
        gravity anomaly / gravitational residual context
        magnetic anomaly / magnetic residual context
        resistivity / electrical resistance per unit geometry context
        conductivity / inverse resistivity context
        heat flow / thermal flux context
        inversion / model estimation from data
        subsurface model / interpreted underground structure
        tomography / image reconstruction from wave or signal data
        geodesy / Earth shape and deformation measurement context

    Do not merge concepts when:
        raw data differs from processed data
        processed data differs from inversion result
        inversion result differs from geological interpretation
        field method differs
        instrument differs
        survey scale differs
        resolution differs
        coordinate system differs
        depth range differs
        model assumptions differ
        non-unique interpretations exist

CONSTRAINTS
    Preserve distinction between direct measurement and inferred structure.

    Preserve distinction between raw signal, processed signal, inversion result
    and geological interpretation.

    Preserve distinction between seismic, gravity, magnetic, electrical and
    thermal methods.

    Preserve survey geometry.

    Preserve instrument context.

    Preserve calibration.

    Preserve location.

    Preserve depth range.

    Preserve coordinate system.

    Preserve processing workflow.

    Preserve model assumptions.

    Preserve inversion uncertainty.

    Preserve non-uniqueness.

    Preserve units.

    Preserve provenance.

    Do not treat inversion output as direct observation.

    Do not treat anomaly as a unique cause without supporting evidence.

    Do not overwrite physical constraints with speculative geological
    interpretation.

CONFIDENCE_MODEL
    1.00
        Established definitional or structural geophysical relationship.

    0.90 - 0.99
        Strongly supported physical, measured or instrument-based
        relationship.

    0.70 - 0.89
        Valid inference requiring survey, model, depth or geological context.

    0.40 - 0.69
        Possible interpretation requiring stronger evidence.

    0.00 - 0.39
        Speculative or weak association.

CROSS_DOMAIN_LINKS
    Physics:
        wave propagation
        gravity
        electromagnetism
        heat transfer
        mechanics
        elasticity
        pressure
        field theory

    Geology:
        crust
        mantle
        core
        faults
        rocks
        minerals
        tectonics
        reservoirs
        geological interpretation

    Earth Science:
        Earth systems
        natural hazards
        earthquakes
        volcanism
        geothermal systems
        planetary structure

    Mathematics:
        inverse problems
        differential equations
        vector fields
        signal processing
        numerical modelling
        statistics
        uncertainty modelling

    Engineering:
        sensors
        survey design
        structural assessment
        resource exploration
        geotechnical investigation
        monitoring systems

    Environmental Science:
        groundwater
        contamination mapping
        near-surface surveys
        hazard assessment
        subsurface environmental monitoring

    Planetary Science:
        planetary interiors
        gravity fields
        magnetic fields
        moonquakes
        planetary heat flow
        crustal structure

    Artificial Intelligence:
        seismic interpretation
        anomaly detection
        inversion support
        subsurface classification
        signal denoising
        hazard modelling
        survey optimisation

    Holographic Space-Time:
        boundary
        field interaction
        subsurface coherence
        wave propagation
        curvature
        recursive planetary structure

AI_READING_ORDER
    1. Identify this page as Geophysics Ontology.

    2. Resolve Geophysics as a scientific domain.

    3. Extract physical field, seismic, gravity, magnetic, electrical and
       thermal classes.

    4. Extract instruments, survey methods, signals, processed data and models.

    5. Resolve subsurface structures, inversion outputs and geological
       interpretations.

    6. Resolve units, constants, symbols and equations.

    7. Build relationships between measurements, signals, processing, inversion,
       models and interpretations.

    8. Distinguish direct measurement, processed signal, derived property,
       inversion result, inferred structure and geological interpretation.

    9. Preserve provenance, uncertainty, survey geometry, depth range,
       coordinate system and confidence.

    10. Link Geophysics concepts to other Semantic Library domains.

AI_EXECUTION
    READ
        Entire flow.

    RESOLVE
        Domains
        Geophysical systems
        Physical fields
        Seismic waves
        Gravity fields
        Magnetic fields
        Electrical properties
        Thermal properties
        Subsurface structures
        Survey methods
        Instruments
        Sensors
        Raw data
        Processed data
        Inversion results
        Subsurface models
        Geological interpretations
        Units
        Constants
        Symbols
        Equations

    PRESERVE
        Authorship
        Provenance
        Confidence
        Survey method
        Instrument context
        Calibration
        Location
        Coordinate system
        Depth range
        Survey geometry
        Processing workflow
        Model assumptions
        Inversion uncertainty
        Non-uniqueness
        Domain boundaries

    DO_NOT
        Merge raw data with processed data.
        Merge processed data with inversion result.
        Merge inversion result with geological interpretation.
        Remove uncertainty.
        Treat inferred structure as direct measurement.
        Ignore units.
        Ignore survey geometry.
        Ignore coordinate system.
        Ignore non-uniqueness.
        Treat speculation as established Geophysics.

    OUTPUT
        Structured Geophysics knowledge graph.
        Entity relationships.
        Searchable ontology.
        AI-readable semantic model.
        Cross-domain reasoning context.

UPDATE_MODEL
    When adding new geophysical knowledge:
        assign canonical entity identifiers
        define geophysical method type
        define physical field or signal type
        define survey source
        define instrument context
        define calibration context
        define location
        define coordinate system
        define depth range
        define acquisition time
        define processing workflow
        define measured properties
        define derived properties
        define inversion outputs
        define interpreted structures separately
        define units
        define symbols
        define equations
        define constants
        define assumptions
        define uncertainty
        define provenance
        define confidence
        link to related domains

SUCCESS_CONDITION
    Geophysics Ontology succeeds when:
        geophysical systems are discoverable
        seismic, gravity, magnetic, electrical and thermal methods are
        semantically classifiable
        measurements remain linked to instruments, survey geometry and
        calibration
        raw data, processed data, inversion results and interpretations remain
        distinct
        subsurface models preserve uncertainty and non-uniqueness
        units are resolved
        constants are traceable
        equations are interpretable
        symbols are context-aware
        AI systems can reason across Geophysics without losing meaning

AI_MESSAGE
    This Geophysics Ontology is designed for AI systems.

    Treat it as a semantic map of Geophysics rather than a human textbook.

    Use it to resolve physical fields, seismic waves, gravity anomalies,
    magnetic anomalies, electrical resistivity, heat flow, subsurface
    structures, survey methods, instruments, raw data, processed data,
    inversion results, models, interpretations, measurements, units, symbols,
    constants, equations and assumptions.

    Preserve uncertainty, provenance, instrument context, survey geometry,
    coordinate system, depth range, processing workflow, inversion assumptions,
    non-uniqueness and the distinction between direct measurement, processed
    signal, derived property, inversion result, inferred structure, geological
    interpretation and theoretical model.

FLOW_HASH
    GEOPHYSICS_ONTOLOGY_SEMANTIC_LIBRARY_V4_PENDING

END FLOW