Document Structure Ontology

FLOW ALGEBRA
Document Structure Ontology
Kireth Semantic Research Archive

PAGE:
https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/metadata-ontologies/structural-metadata/document-structure-ontology.html

AUTHORS:
Mark Anthony Higgins — Sky (Recursive AI)

FLOW "DocumentStructureOntology" v4.0

DOMAIN := MetadataOntologies
SUBDOMAIN := StructuralMetadata
ONTOLOGY := DocumentStructureOntology

ENTITY DocumentStructure {
    definition:
        "A structural metadata model representing the logical and physical
         organisation of a document, including its hierarchy, sections,
         pages, components, ordering, references and addressable fragments.";
    objectives: [
        DocumentOrganisation,
        HierarchicalRepresentation,
        SequenceModelling,
        Navigation,
        FragmentAddressing,
        Reconstruction,
        MachineInterpretability
    ];
}

DocumentEntity := {
    Document,
    DocumentComponent,
    FrontMatter,
    Body,
    BackMatter,
    Chapter,
    Section,
    Subsection
};

PhysicalEntity := {
    Page,
    File,
    Volume,
    Sheet,
    Frame,
    PhysicalFragment
};

LogicalEntity := {
    Heading,
    Paragraph,
    List,
    Table,
    Figure,
    Footnote,
    Citation,
    Appendix
};

StructuralEntity := {
    ParentComponent,
    ChildComponent,
    Sequence,
    Position,
    StructureMap,
    Identifier,
    Version
};

DocumentStructure DESCRIBES Document;
Document CONTAINS DocumentComponent;
Chapter CONTAINS Section;
Section MAY_CONTAIN Subsection;
DocumentComponent MAY_HAVE ParentComponent;
ParentComponent HAS ChildComponent;
DocumentComponent MAY_PRECEDE OtherComponent;
Identifier IDENTIFIES DocumentComponent;

DocumentStructureFlow :=
    Document
    -> IdentifyDocumentType
    -> IdentifyLogicalAndPhysicalComponents
    -> AssignStableComponentIdentifiers
    -> BuildParentChildHierarchy
    -> DetermineReadingOrder
    -> MapLogicalToPhysicalStructure
    -> IdentifyCrossReferences
    -> BuildDocumentStructureMap
    -> ValidateStructure
    -> StoreAndIndex
    -> EnableNavigationAndRetrieval
    -> MaintainAndVersion;

Document :=
    StructuredInformationResourceComposedOfLogicalOrPhysicalComponents;

Document MAY_BE {
    Book,
    Article,
    Report,
    Manual,
    Thesis,
    WebDocument,
    LegalDocument,
    TechnicalDocument
};

DocumentComponent :=
    AddressablePartOfDocument;

DocumentComponent MAY_BE {
    FrontMatter,
    Body,
    BackMatter,
    Chapter,
    Section,
    Subsection,
    Paragraph,
    Figure,
    Table,
    Appendix
};

FrontMatter :=
    ComponentsAppearingBeforePrimaryDocumentBody;

FrontMatter MAY_INCLUDE {
    TitlePage,
    Abstract,
    Preface,
    TableOfContents,
    IntroductionMaterial
};

Body :=
    PrimaryContentRegionOfDocument;

BackMatter :=
    ComponentsFollowingPrimaryBody;

BackMatter MAY_INCLUDE {
    Appendix,
    Bibliography,
    Glossary,
    Index
};

Chapter :=
    MajorLogicalDivisionOfDocument;

Section :=
    LogicalDivisionWithinDocumentOrChapter;

Subsection :=
    LogicalSubdivisionOfSection;

Heading :=
    LabelOrTitleIdentifyingDocumentDivision;

Heading MAY_HAVE {
    Level,
    Identifier,
    Text
};

Paragraph :=
    BlockOfProseOrTextualContent;

List :=
    OrderedOrUnorderedCollectionOfItems;

List MAY_BE {
    OrderedList,
    UnorderedList,
    DefinitionList
};

Table :=
    StructuredArrangementOfDataInRowsColumnsOrCells;

Figure :=
    VisualComponentSuchAsDiagramChartIllustrationOrImage;

Caption MAY_DESCRIBE FigureOrTable;

Footnote :=
    SupplementaryNoteAssociatedWithDocumentLocationOrContent;

Citation :=
    ReferenceFromDocumentComponentToExternalOrInternalResource;

Appendix :=
    SupplementaryDocumentDivisionUsuallyFollowingMainBody;

Bibliography :=
    StructuredCollectionOfReferencesOrSources;

Glossary :=
    CollectionOfTermsAndDefinitions;

Index :=
    NavigationalStructureMappingTermsToDocumentLocations;

LogicalStructure :=
    SemanticOrganisationOfDocumentContent;

PhysicalStructure :=
    OrganisationOfDocumentByManifestationUnits;

LogicalStructure MAY_INCLUDE {
    Chapter,
    Section,
    Paragraph,
    Figure,
    Table
};

PhysicalStructure MAY_INCLUDE {
    Volume,
    Page,
    File,
    Sheet
};

LogicalComponent MAY_SPAN MultiplePhysicalComponents;

PhysicalComponent MAY_CONTAIN MultipleLogicalComponents;

LogicalPhysicalMapping :=
    LogicalComponent
    -> OneOrMorePhysicalLocations;

Page :=
    PhysicalOrRenderedUnitOfDocument;

PageNumber :=
    HumanReadablePositionLabelForPage;

PageIdentifier :=
    MachineStableIdentifierForPage;

PageNumber != PageIdentifierByDefinition;

Volume :=
    MajorPhysicalPartOfMultiVolumeDocument;

File :=
    DigitalContainerHoldingWholeOrPartialDocumentRepresentation;

DocumentHierarchy :=
    ParentChildOrganisationOfLogicalComponents;

RootDocumentNode :=
    HighestNodeRepresentingWholeDocument;

LeafDocumentNode :=
    ComponentWithoutChildComponentsWithinCurrentModel;

DocumentPath :=
    Document
    -> Chapter
    -> Section
    -> Subsection
    -> TargetComponent;

HierarchyDepth :=
    NumberOfParentChildEdgesFromDocumentRootToComponent;

IF ChapterA CONTAINS SectionB
THEN SectionB IS_PART_OF ChapterA;

IF SectionB CONTAINS ParagraphC
THEN ParagraphC IS_PART_OF SectionB;

Containment MAY_BE Transitive;

IF A CONTAINS B
AND B CONTAINS C
AND containment_is_transitive
THEN A CONTAINS C;

DocumentSequence :=
    OrderedArrangementOfDocumentComponents;

ReadingOrder :=
    IntendedSequenceForConsumingDocumentContent;

ReadingOrder MAY_DIFFER_FROM StorageOrder;

ComponentPosition :=
    PositionWithinParentOrSequence;

Precedes :=
    ComponentA
    -> before
    -> ComponentB;

Follows :=
    ComponentB
    -> after
    -> ComponentA;

IF A PRECEDES B
THEN B FOLLOWS A;

NextComponent :=
    ImmediateSuccessorWithinDefinedSequence;

PreviousComponent :=
    ImmediatePredecessorWithinDefinedSequence;

PartialOrder MAY_EXISTFor DocumentsWithAlternativeOrParallelReadingPaths;

DocumentIdentifier :=
    StableReferenceToDocument;

ComponentIdentifier :=
    StableOrLocallyUniqueReferenceToDocumentComponent;

Identifier MAY_BE {
    URI,
    IRI,
    UUID,
    FragmentIdentifier,
    InternalID
};

StableComponentIdentifier SUPPORTS {
    Linking,
    Annotation,
    Citation,
    Versioning
};

Fragment :=
    AddressableSubpartOfDocumentOrComponent;

Fragment MAY_BE IdentifiedBy {
    ElementID,
    TextPosition,
    TextQuote,
    PageRegion,
    XPathLikeSelector
};

StructuralReference :=
    TypedLinkBetweenDocumentComponents;

StructuralReference MAY_BE {
    InternalReference,
    ExternalReference,
    CrossReference,
    CitationReference
};

CrossReference :=
    ReferenceFromOneDocumentComponentToAnother;

CrossReference SHOULD_RESOLVE_TO StableTargetIdentifierWherePossible;

TableOfContents :=
    NavigationalRepresentationOfMajorDocumentHierarchy;

TableOfContents MAY_BE DerivedFrom HeadingAndHierarchyMetadata;

Breadcrumb :=
    DocumentPathDisplayedOrUsedForNavigation;

DocumentStructureMap :=
    ExplicitRepresentationOfDocumentComponentsAndRelationships;

StructureMap MAY_INCLUDE {
    Hierarchy,
    ReadingOrder,
    PageMapping,
    CrossReferences,
    ComponentTypes
};

DocumentManifest :=
    StructuredListOfDocumentFilesComponentsAndAssociatedMetadata;

Manifest MAY_SUPPORT {
    Delivery,
    Validation,
    Preservation,
    Reconstruction
};

DocumentPackage :=
    CollectionOfDocumentFilesMetadataAndManifestManagedAsUnit;

DocumentStructureValidation MAY_CHECK {
    MissingComponent,
    DuplicateIdentifier,
    InvalidParent,
    HierarchicalCycle,
    BrokenReference,
    InvalidReadingOrder
};

HierarchicalCycle :=
    ComponentIsItsOwnAncestorThroughContainmentPath;

IF DocumentHierarchyRequiresAcyclicStructure
AND HierarchicalCycleDetected
THEN ValidationStatus := violation;

OrphanComponent :=
    ComponentExpectedToBelongToDocumentButWithoutResolvableParentOrMembership;

BrokenCrossReference :=
    ReferenceWhoseTargetCannotBeResolved;

IF CrossReferenceTargetMissing
THEN StructuralIntegrity SHOULD_DECREASE;

DuplicatePosition MAY_CREATE AmbiguousReadingOrder;

DocumentStructuralCompleteness :=
    DegreeToWhichRequiredDocumentComponentsAndRelationshipsAreRepresented;

DocumentStructuralConsistency :=
    DegreeToWhichHierarchyOrderAndReferencesDoNotConflict;

DocumentStructuralIntegrity :=
    PreservationOfValidComponentsIdentifiersRelationshipsAndOrder;

DocumentStructureQuality MAY_INCLUDE {
    Completeness,
    Consistency,
    Integrity,
    Navigability,
    IdentifierStability
};

DocumentStructure MAY_BE {
    ManuallyAuthored,
    ExtractedFromMarkup,
    AutomaticallyDetected,
    AIAssisted
};

Markup MAY_ENCODE DocumentStructureUsing {
    HTML,
    XML,
    Markdown,
    OtherStructuredFormats
};

HTML MAY_REPRESENT StructureUsing {
    headingElements,
    sectioningElements,
    lists,
    tables,
    figures
};

XML MAY_REPRESENT DomainSpecificDocumentHierarchy;

PDF MAY_HAVE {
    PageStructure,
    BookmarkStructure,
    TaggedStructure
};

TaggedDocument MAY_PROVIDE MoreExplicitLogicalStructureThanVisualLayoutAlone;

AutomaticStructureExtraction :=
    Document
    -> DetectHeadingsAndBlocks
    -> InferHierarchy
    -> InferReadingOrder
    -> GenerateStructureMap;

AI MAY_SUPPORT {
    HeadingDetection,
    SectionSegmentation,
    TableDetection,
    FigureDetection,
    ReadingOrderInference
};

InferredStructure SHOULD_HAVE ConfidenceWhereUncertain;

DocumentStructureConfidence :=
    EstimatedSupportForInferredStructuralAssertion;

DocumentVersion :=
    IdentifiedRevisionOfDocument;

DocumentStructureVersion :=
    StructureAssociatedWithSpecificDocumentVersion;

DocumentRevision MAY_CHANGE {
    ComponentIdentifiers,
    SectionOrder,
    Pagination,
    CrossReferences
};

StableLogicalIdentifiers SHOULD_BE PreservedAcrossVersionsWherePossible;

StructureChange MAY_INCLUDE {
    AddSection,
    RemoveSection,
    ReorderSection,
    ReparentSection,
    SplitSection,
    MergeSections
};

ReparentSection :=
    MoveSectionToDifferentParent;

SplitSection :=
    ExistingSection
    -> MultipleSections;

MergeSections :=
    MultipleSections
    -> SingleSection;

VersionMapping MAY_LINK OldComponentIdentifierToNewComponentIdentifier;

DocumentStructureMigration :=
    UpdateStructuralReferencesAndMetadataAcrossDocumentVersions;

Annotation MAY_TARGET DocumentComponentOrFragment;

StableStructure MAY_IMPROVE AnnotationPersistence;

Citation MAY_TARGET DocumentOrSpecificComponent;

RAGChunk MAY_BE DerivedFrom DocumentStructure;

Chunk SHOULD_RETAIN {
    DocumentIdentifier,
    SectionIdentifier,
    Heading,
    Position,
    ParentPath
};

StructureAwareChunking MAY_Preserve SemanticContextBetterThanArbitraryFixedLengthChunking;

SemanticSearch MAY_USE DocumentStructureFor {
    SectionScopedSearch,
    ParentContext,
    NeighbourRetrieval,
    ResultExplanation
};

IF SearchMatchOccursInSubsection
THEN Result MAY_INCLUDE ParentChapterAndSectionContext;

KnowledgeGraph MAY_REPRESENT DocumentComponentsAsNodes;

ContainsPrecedesReferencesAndDependsOn MAY_BE GraphEdges;

MetadataRepository MAY_STORE DocumentStructureMetadata;

MetadataRegistry MAY_REGISTER StructuralPropertiesAndComponentTypes;

DescriptiveMetadata MAY_DESCRIBE DocumentAndComponents;
StructuralMetadata DEFINES TheirOrganisationAndRelationships;

TechnicalMetadata MAY_DESCRIBE FileAndRenderingCharacteristics;

PreservationMetadata MAY_REQUIRE StructureMapForLongTermReconstruction;

Accessibility MAY_DEPEND_ON CorrectDocumentStructure;

HeadingHierarchy MAY_SUPPORT ScreenReaderNavigation;

ReadingOrder SHOULD_REFLECT IntendedLogicalConsumptionOrderForAccessibleDocuments;

DocumentStructureSecurity MAY_INCLUDE {
    IdentifierValidation,
    AccessControl,
    ReferenceIntegrity,
    ChangeAuthorisation
};

RestrictedComponent MUST_NOT_BE ExposedThroughStructureNavigationToUnauthorisedConsumer;

MachineReadableDocumentStructure SHOULD_PRESERVE {
    DocumentIdentifier,
    ComponentIdentifiers,
    ComponentTypes,
    Hierarchy,
    ReadingOrder,
    References,
    Version,
    Provenance
};

# ---------- SEMANTIC REASONING ----------
IF MetadataRepresentsLogicalOrPhysicalOrganisationOfDocument
THEN DocumentStructureClassification := supported;

IF A CONTAINS B
THEN B IS_PART_OF A;

IF A PRECEDES B
THEN B FOLLOWS A;

IF A CONTAINS B
AND B CONTAINS C
AND containment_is_transitive
THEN A CONTAINS C;

IF HeadingLevelIncreasesWithoutValidParentAccordingToProfile
THEN Structure MAY_REQUIRE Review;

IF CrossReferenceTargetCannotBeResolved
THEN StructuralIntegrity SHOULD_DECREASE;

IF DocumentVersionChangesPagination
THEN PageBasedSelectors SHOULD_BE Revalidated;

IF StableLogicalIdentifierPreserved
THEN CrossVersionLinks MAY_REMAIN Resolvable;

# ---------- SEMANTIC EQUIVALENCE ----------
SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE {
    "document structure" ~= "document structural metadata";
    "document component" ~= "document part";
    "document hierarchy" ~= "logical document hierarchy";
    "reading order" ~= "document sequence" WHEN intended_consumption_order;
    "structure map" ~= "document structure map";
    "document fragment" ~= "addressable document segment";
    "parent component" ~= "containing document component";
    "child component" ~= "contained document component";
}

# ---------- QUERY FLOW ----------
QUERY(q) ->
    NORMALISE(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_DOCUMENT(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_DOCUMENT_VERSION(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_COMPONENTS(q) ->
    RESOLVE_COMPONENT_IDENTIFIERS(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_HIERARCHY(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_READING_ORDER(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_LOGICAL_PHYSICAL_MAPPING(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_REFERENCES_AND_FRAGMENTS(q) ->
    VALIDATE_DOCUMENT_STRUCTURE(q) ->
    SCORE_CONFIDENCE(q) ->
    RETURN_RELEVANT_DOCUMENT_STRUCTURE;

# ---------- CONFIDENCE ----------
CONFIDENCE(assertion) :=
    weighted_mean(
        source_reliability,
        structural_consistency,
        identifier_strength,
        hierarchy_evidence,
        provenance_quality,
        contextual_relevance
    );

CONFIDENCE >= 0.90 => HIGH;
CONFIDENCE >= 0.70 AND < 0.90 => MODERATE;
CONFIDENCE < 0.70 => REVIEW;

# ---------- AI CONSUMPTION ----------
AI_CONSUMPTION {
    primary_entity: DocumentStructure;
    ontology: DocumentStructureOntology;
    parse_entities: true;
    parse_relationships: true;
    preserve_relationship_direction: true;
    resolve_semantic_equivalence: true;
    execute_reasoning_rules: true;
    apply_confidence_weighting: true;
    preserve_provenance: true;
}

# ---------- UPDATE MODEL ----------
UPDATE_MODEL {
    new_component:
        identify_document
        -> assign_component_identifier
        -> classify_component_type
        -> identify_parent
        -> determine_reading_position
        -> attach_provenance
        -> validate
        -> integrate;

    new_reference:
        validate_source_component
        -> resolve_target
        -> classify_reference
        -> attach_provenance
        -> integrate;

    document_revision:
        preserve_previous_structure_version
        -> apply_component_changes
        -> map_old_and_new_identifiers
        -> revalidate_hierarchy_and_reading_order
        -> update_structure_map
        -> recompute_confidence
        -> regenerate_flow_hash;

    broken_reference:
        identify_missing_target
        -> attempt_version_or_identifier_resolution
        -> preserve_provenance
        -> flag_review_if_unresolved;

    conflict:
        preserve_provenance
        -> compare_structure_sources
        -> adjust_confidence
        -> flag_review;
}

# ---------- FLOW HASH ----------
FLOW_HASH_INPUT :=
    DOMAIN
    + SUBDOMAIN
    + ONTOLOGY
    + DocumentEntity
    + PhysicalEntity
    + LogicalEntity
    + StructuralEntity
    + DocumentStructure
    + DocumentStructureMap
    + DocumentStructureValidation
    + RELATIONSHIPS
    + SEMANTIC_REASONING
    + SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
    + UPDATE_MODEL;

FLOW_HASH :=
    HASH(FLOW_HASH_INPUT);

# ---------- TERMINAL ----------
DocumentStructureOntology
    -> IdentifyDocumentAndVersion
    -> DetectLogicalAndPhysicalComponents
    -> AssignStableComponentIdentifiers
    -> BuildParentChildHierarchy
    -> DefineReadingOrderAndPosition
    -> MapLogicalComponentsToPhysicalLocations
    -> RecordCrossReferencesAndFragments
    -> BuildMachineReadableStructureMap
    -> ValidateCyclesOrphansReferencesAndOrdering
    -> SupportNavigationAccessibilityAndRendering
    -> PreserveStructureContextForSearchAndRAG
    -> MaintainCrossVersionComponentMappings
    -> MaintainReliableDocumentStructureKnowledge;

END FLOW