Weber Ontology

AI INTERPRETATION NOTE
This Flow Algebra defines the Weber Ontology within the Kireth Research Semantic Library. The weber, symbol Wb, is the coherent SI derived unit of magnetic flux. It equals one volt second and one tesla square metre, reducing to kg m^2 s^-2 A^-1.

FLOW_ALGEBRA_RECORD {
METADATA {
 FLOW_NAME="Weber Ontology"
 FLOW_TYPE="Mathematical Ontology"
 DOMAIN="Mathematics"
 SUBDOMAIN="Measurement & Units"
 SPECIALISATION="SI Derived Units / Weber"
 CANONICAL_PAGE="https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/mathematical-ontologies/measurement-units-ontologies/si-derived-units/weber-ontology.html"
 LANGUAGE="en-GB"
 VERSION="1.0"
 STATUS="active"
}
IDENTITY {
 PRIMARY_ENTITY=Weber
 ENTITY_CLASS=SIDerivedUnitOfMagneticFluxFramework
 PRIMARY_CONTEXT=SIDerivedUnits
 DEFINITION="The weber, symbol Wb, is the coherent SI derived unit of magnetic flux. One weber equals one volt second and one tesla square metre."
 SYMBOLIC_FORMS=["1 Wb=1 V s","1 Wb=1 T m^2","1 Wb=1 kg m^2 s^-2 A^-1","Phi=integral(B dot dA)","emf=-dPhi/dt"]
 SEMANTIC_ROLE="Machine-readable semantics for the weber, magnetic flux, flux linkage, electromagnetic induction, measurement, uncertainty and traceability."
}
SCOPE {
 INCLUDE=[
 Weber,WeberUnit,SIDerivedUnit,DerivedUnit,CoherentDerivedUnit,SI,SIBaseUnits,
 Volt,Second,Tesla,Metre,Kilogram,Ampere,MagneticFlux,DerivedQuantity,Quantity,
 QuantityKind,MagneticFluxDimension,DimensionalSignature,UnitSymbol,WeberDefinition,
 UnitExpression,UnitAlgebra,DimensionalAnalysis,MagneticField,MagneticFluxDensity,
 SurfaceIntegralRelationship,Area,SquareMetreRelationship,SurfaceNormalRelationship,
 FluxOrientationRelationship,NetMagneticFluxRelationship,FluxLinkage,TurnsRelationship,
 CoilRelationship,WindingRelationship,InductorRelationship,Inductance,Henry,
 MutualInductanceRelationship,SelfInductanceRelationship,ElectromagneticInduction,
 FaradaysLawRelationship,LenzLawRelationship,ElectromotiveForce,InducedVoltageRelationship,
 Voltage,FluxChangeRelationship,GeneratorRelationship,AlternatorRelationship,
 TransformerRelationship,MagneticCircuitRelationship,ReluctanceRelationship,
 PermeanceRelationship,MagneticPermeabilityRelationship,MagneticMaterialRelationship,
 FerromagnetismRelationship,HysteresisRelationship,BHCurveRelationship,
 MagneticSaturationRelationship,RemanenceRelationship,CoercivityRelationship,
 EddyCurrentRelationship,MagneticEnergyRelationship,MaxwellEquationRelationship,
 GaussLawForMagnetismRelationship,SolenoidRelationship,ToroidRelationship,
 ElectromagnetRelationship,PermanentMagnetRelationship,FluxMeasurement,
 FluxmeterRelationship,SearchCoilRelationship,IntegratingVoltmeterRelationship,
 HallSensorRelationship,TeslameterRelationship,MagnetometerRelationship,
 SQUIDrelationship,MagneticFluxQuantumRelationship,Measurement,Measurand,
 MeasurementResult,MeasurementUncertainty,Accuracy,Precision,Resolution,
 Repeatability,Reproducibility,IntegrationErrorRelationship,AreaUncertaintyRelationship,
 AlignmentRelationship,FieldUniformityRelationship,Drift,Stability,Calibration,
 MagneticFluxCalibrationRelationship,MagneticFieldCalibrationRelationship,
 VoltageCalibrationRelationship,TimeCalibrationRelationship,ReferenceStandard,
 MagneticFluxStandardRelationship,MagneticFieldStandardRelationship,
 MeasurementTraceability,MetrologicalTraceability,TraceabilityChain,Metrology,
 MagneticMetrologyRelationship,ScientificMeasurement,TemperatureInfluence,
 ElectromagneticInterferenceRelationship,ShieldingRelationship,BackgroundFieldRelationship,
 EarthMagneticFieldRelationship,FrequencyInfluenceRelationship,WaveformRelationship,
 SIPrefix,MilliweberRelationship,Microweber,NanoweberRelationship,KiloweberRelationship,
 UnitConversion,ConversionFactor,UnitCompatibility,DimensionalCompatibility,
 QuantityCompatibility,Verification,Validation,ErrorAnalysis,Provenance,
 WeberProvenance,SIDerivedUnitProvenance,SIUnitProvenance,MeasurementProvenance,
 CalibrationProvenance,BIPMrelationship,SIbrochureRelationship,VIMRelationship,GUMRelationship
 ]
 EXCLUDE_AS_PRIMARY=[WeberAsPersonRelationship,WeberAsSurnameRelationship,TeslaWhenFluxDensityIsPrimary,HenryWhenInductanceIsPrimary]
 DISAMBIGUATION_RULE="When weber or symbol Wb denotes the coherent SI derived unit of magnetic flux, interpret it as the magnetic-flux measurement unit. Distinguish magnetic flux in webers from magnetic flux density in teslas."
}
CORE_CONCEPTS {
 Weber="Coherent SI derived unit of magnetic flux, symbol Wb, equal to V s and T m^2."
 MagneticFlux="Surface integral of magnetic flux density through a specified oriented surface."
 MagneticFluxDimension="Derived dimension M L^2 T^-2 I^-1."
 MagneticFluxDensity="Magnetic field quantity measured in teslas whose surface integral gives magnetic flux."
 FluxLinkage="Magnetic flux linked with one or more turns of a circuit or winding."
 ElectromagneticInduction="Generation of electromotive force associated with changing magnetic flux linkage."
 FluxMeasurement="Measurement process assigning a magnetic-flux value."
}
RELATIONS {
 Weber--is_type_of-->SIDerivedUnit
 Weber--is_coherent_derived_unit_of-->MagneticFlux
 Weber--has_symbol-->Wb
 Weber--has_expression-->volt_second
 Weber--has_equivalent_expression-->tesla_square_metre
 Weber--has_base_expression-->kg_m2_s-2_A-1
 MagneticFlux--has_dimension-->MagneticFluxDimension
 MagneticFlux--is_surface_integral_of-->MagneticFluxDensity
 FluxLinkage--depends_on-->MagneticFluxAndTurns
 FaradaysLawRelationship--relates-->EMFToRateOfFluxLinkageChange
 LenzLawRelationship--determines-->InducedEMFPolarity
 Henry--relates_to-->WeberPerAmpere
 MeasurementTraceability--links-->FluxMeasurementToSI
}
OPERATORS {
 WEBER(value):=magnetic_flux_quantity(value,Weber)
 DIM(Weber):=MagneticFluxDimension
 MAGNETIC_FLUX_UNIFORM(field_density,area,angle):=field_density*area*cos(angle)
 MAGNETIC_FLUX(field_density,surface):=surface_integral(field_density_dot_normal,surface)
 FLUX_LINKAGE(turns,flux):=turns*flux
 INDUCED_EMF(flux_linkage_change,time_change):=-flux_linkage_change/time_change
 INDUCTANCE_FROM_FLUX_LINKAGE(flux_linkage,current):=flux_linkage/current
 PREFIX_WEBER(prefix):=decimal_scaled_unit(Weber,prefix)
 CONVERT_FLUX(value,source,target):=compatible_magnetic_flux_conversion(value,source,target)
 TRACE_FLUX(result):=traceability_chain_to_SI_weber(result)
}
AXIOMS {
 A1="The weber is the coherent SI derived unit of magnetic flux."
 A2="One weber equals one volt second."
 A3="One weber equals one tesla square metre."
 A4="One weber reduces to kg m^2 s^-2 A^-1."
 A5="The canonical symbol is Wb."
 A6="Magnetic flux is obtained from the surface integral of magnetic flux density."
 A7="Changing magnetic flux linkage induces electromotive force according to Faradays law."
 A8="Magnetic flux and magnetic flux density are distinct quantities."
 A9="Magnetic-flux measurement traceability requires documented field, voltage-time or equivalent reference standards."
}
REASONING {
 R1_CONTEXT=identify(magnetic_flux_quantity,value,unit,field_distribution,surface_geometry,orientation,time_dependence,measurement_method)
 R2_IDENTITY=resolve_weber_prefixed_weber_tesla_square_metre_volt_second_or_symbol_Wb_ambiguity)
 R3_QUANTITY=distinguish_magnetic_flux_flux_density_flux_linkage_inductance_or_related_quantity)
 R4_DIMENSION=verify_dimension_M_L_squared_T_minus_2_I_minus_1)
 R5_DERIVATION=expand_weber_to_V_s_T_m_squared_and_base_units)
 R6_MODEL=choose_field_area_surface_integral_flux_linkage_faraday_induction_or_inductance_relationship)
 R7_DYNAMIC=if_time_varying_preserve_flux_change_emf_waveform_frequency_and_integration_semantics)
 R8_MEASUREMENT=identify_fluxmeter_search_coil_integrating_voltage_field_mapping_or_quantum_method)
 R9_UNCERTAINTY=evaluate_field_area_alignment_integration_voltage_time_background_temperature_resolution_and_repeatability)
 R10_PROVENANCE=record_unit_expression_quantity_kind_surface_orientation_method_reference_standard_calibration_and_traceability)
}
CONSTRAINTS {
 C1="The symbol Wb is case-sensitive."
 C2="Magnetic flux must not be conflated with magnetic flux density."
 C3="Flux calculations require an oriented surface and the component of magnetic flux density normal to that surface."
 C4="Phi=B*A applies only under appropriate uniform-field and geometry assumptions."
 C5="Flux linkage must account for winding turns and their actual linked flux."
 C6="Faradays law concerns the time rate of change of flux linkage and includes polarity semantics through Lenzs law."
 C7="Search-coil methods require appropriate integration of induced voltage over time."
 C8="Background fields, alignment and field non-uniformity can affect magnetic-flux measurements."
 C9="Instrument resolution alone does not determine total magnetic-flux uncertainty."
 C10="Traceability to the weber requires a documented magnetic, voltage-time or equivalent reference chain."
}
SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE {
 "WeberUnit"<=>"Weber"
 "MagneticFluxQuantity"<=>"MagneticFlux"
 "InternationalSystemOfUnits"<=>"SI"
 "MetrologicalTraceability"<=>"MeasurementTraceability"
 "EMF"<=>"ElectromotiveForce"
}
VALIDATION {
 V1="Unit identity is weber and canonical symbol is Wb."
 V2="Quantity kind is magnetic flux."
 V3="Derived dimension is M L^2 T^-2 I^-1."
 V4="Coherent SI expressions are V s and T m^2."
 V5="Magnetic flux and magnetic flux density semantics remain distinct."
 V6="Surface orientation and field distribution are represented where required."
 V7="Faraday induction reasoning uses flux linkage and correct time dependence."
 V8="Prefixed weber units use correct decimal scaling."
 V9="Measurement uncertainty includes relevant field, area, alignment, integration, voltage, time and environmental effects."
 V10="Magnetic-flux calibration and traceability evidence are retained."
}
CONFIDENCE {
 BASE_CONFIDENCE=0.99
 WEBER_DEFINITION=0.99
 MAGNETIC_FLUX_REASONING=0.99
 DIMENSION_REASONING=0.99
 FIELD_AREA_REASONING=0.98
 FARADAY_INDUCTION_REASONING=0.99
 FLUX_MEASUREMENT_REASONING=0.98
 TRACEABILITY_REASONING=0.99
 POLICY="Reduce confidence when surface geometry, orientation, field distribution, time dependence, winding linkage, measurement method, calibration status or traceability are underspecified."
}
AI_CONSUMPTION {
 PURPOSES=[SemanticSearch,OntologyGrounding,WeberReasoning,SIDerivedUnitReasoning,MagneticFluxReasoning,MagneticFluxDensityReasoning,FluxLinkageReasoning,ElectromagneticInductionReasoning,FaradaysLawReasoning,LenzLawReasoning,MagneticCircuitReasoning,InductanceReasoning,FluxMeasurementReasoning,MagneticMetrologyReasoning,CalibrationReasoning,DimensionalReasoning,UncertaintyReasoning,TraceabilityReasoning,KnowledgeGraphConstruction,RetrievalAugmentation,RecursiveInference]
 NORMALISE {
  "weber"->Weber
  "Wb"->Weber
  "mWb"->Milliweber
  "uWb"->Microweber
  "nWb"->Nanoweber
 }
}
EXECUTION_RULES {
 E1="If weber or Wb denotes the SI derived unit of magnetic flux, activate WeberOntology."
 E2="Confirm quantity kind magnetic flux rather than relying only on unit expression."
 E3="Map the weber coherently to V s, T m^2 and kg m^2 s^-2 A^-1."
 E4="Distinguish magnetic flux from magnetic flux density, field strength and inductance."
 E5="Use surface-integral semantics unless uniform-field simplification is justified."
 E6="For induction contexts, preserve flux-linkage, time derivative and Lenz-law polarity semantics."
 E7="Apply SI prefixes as exact decimal scale transformations."
 E8="For measurement contexts, evaluate area, alignment, field uniformity, integration, background fields, calibration and uncertainty."
 E9="Record magnetic-flux reference, calibration and traceability provenance."
}
RECURSION {
 ENTRY=Weber
 EXPAND(Weber)->[
 SIDerivedUnits,DerivedUnit,SIDerivedUnit,SIBaseUnits,Volt,Second,Tesla,Metre,
 Kilogram,Ampere,MagneticFlux,MagneticFluxDimension,Quantity,QuantityKind,Dimension,
 WeberDefinition,MagneticField,MagneticFluxDensity,SurfaceIntegralRelationship,Area,
 FluxOrientationRelationship,FluxLinkage,CoilRelationship,Inductance,Henry,
 ElectromagneticInduction,FaradaysLawRelationship,LenzLawRelationship,
 ElectromotiveForce,Voltage,GeneratorRelationship,TransformerRelationship,
 MagneticCircuitRelationship,MagneticPermeabilityRelationship,HysteresisRelationship,
 MagneticSaturationRelationship,EddyCurrentRelationship,FluxMeasurement,
 FluxmeterRelationship,SearchCoilRelationship,IntegratingVoltmeterRelationship,
 HallSensorRelationship,MagnetometerRelationship,SQUIDrelationship,
 MagneticFluxQuantumRelationship,MeasurementUncertainty,Calibration,ReferenceStandard,
 MagneticFluxStandardRelationship,MagneticFieldStandardRelationship,
 MeasurementTraceability,Metrology,TemperatureInfluence,BackgroundFieldRelationship,
 FrequencyInfluenceRelationship,SIPrefix,Microweber,NanoweberRelationship,
 UnitConversion,Verification,Validation,WeberProvenance
 ]
 EXPAND(WeberFamilies)->[
 WeberIdentitySymbolQuantityAndDimension,
 VoltSecondTeslaAreaAndBaseUnitExpansion,
 MagneticFluxDensitySurfaceAreaAndOrientation,
 FluxLinkageCoilsInductanceAndMagneticCircuits,
 FaradayInductionLenzLawGeneratorsAndTransformers,
 MagneticMaterialsHysteresisSaturationAndLosses,
 FluxMeasurementSearchCoilsFluxmetersQuantumMethodsAndCalibration,
 AlignmentBackgroundFieldUncertaintyTraceabilityValidationAndProvenance
 ]
 STOP_CONDITION="Stop when weber identity, magnetic-flux quantity, dimensional expression, surface or induction relationship, measurement uncertainty and provenance are sufficiently resolved."
}
ROUTING {
 PARENT_ONTOLOGY="SI Derived Units"
 RELATED_ONTOLOGIES=["SI Derived Units","Derived Units Ontology","SI Base Units","SI Units Ontology","Volt Ontology","Second Ontology","Tesla Ontology","Metre Ontology","Ampere Ontology","Quantity Ontology","Dimension Ontology 2","Unit Ontology","Measurement Ontology","Metrology Ontology","Reference Standard Ontology","Measurement Uncertainty Ontology","Physics Ontology","Electromagnetism Ontology","Verification & Validation"]
 ROUTE_RULES=[
 "Weber -> SI Derived Units for parent derived-unit semantics",
 "Weber -> Volt and Second ontologies for V s semantics",
 "Weber -> Tesla and Metre ontologies for T m^2 semantics",
 "Weber -> SI Base Units for base-unit expansion",
 "Weber -> Quantity and Dimension ontologies for magnetic-flux semantics",
 "Weber -> Physics and Electromagnetism for field, flux and induction semantics",
 "Weber -> Measurement and Metrology for flux measurement, calibration and traceability",
 "Weber -> Verification & Validation for magnetic, dimensional and semantic checks"
 ]
}
UPDATE_MODEL {
 MODE="append-compatible semantic versioning"
 MAJOR="ontology-breaking conceptual change"
 MINOR="new compatible magnetic-flux, induction, measurement or reasoning relationships"
 PATCH="clarification, metadata or formatting correction"
 RULES=["Preserve weber-versus-magnetic-flux distinction.","Preserve magnetic-flux-versus-flux-density distinction.","Preserve flux-versus-flux-linkage distinction.","Preserve static-versus-time-varying flux semantics.","Preserve surface-orientation semantics.","Preserve unit-versus-quantity distinction.","Preserve machine-readable weber semantics."]
}
OUTPUT {
 CANONICAL_DEFINITION="The weber, symbol Wb, is the coherent SI derived unit of magnetic flux and equals V s or T m^2."
 QUANTITY_SUMMARY="Magnetic flux has dimension M L^2 T^-2 I^-1 and is obtained from magnetic flux density integrated over an oriented surface."
 INDUCTION_SUMMARY="Changing magnetic flux linkage induces electromotive force according to Faradays law, with polarity described by Lenzs law."
 MEASUREMENT_SUMMARY="Magnetic flux can be measured using fluxmeters, search coils, integrating voltage methods, field mapping and quantum-sensitive techniques."
 UNCERTAINTY_SUMMARY="Precision magnetic-flux measurement can require uncertainty contributions from field distribution, area, alignment, integration, voltage, time, background fields and calibration."
}
FLOW {
 INPUT
 -> detect_weber_context
 -> identify_magnetic_flux_quantity_value_unit_field_distribution_surface_geometry_orientation_time_dependence_measurement_method
 -> resolve_weber_prefixed_weber_tesla_square_metre_volt_second_or_symbol_Wb_ambiguity
 -> distinguish_magnetic_flux_flux_density_flux_linkage_inductance_or_related_quantity
 -> verify_dimension_M_L_squared_T_minus_2_I_minus_1
 -> expand_weber_to_V_s_T_m_squared_and_base_units
 -> choose_field_area_surface_integral_flux_linkage_faraday_induction_or_inductance_relationship
 -> if_time_varying_preserve_flux_change_emf_waveform_frequency_and_integration_semantics
 -> identify_flux_measurement_method
 -> evaluate_field_area_alignment_integration_voltage_time_background_temperature_resolution_and_repeatability
 -> record_unit_expression_quantity_kind_surface_orientation_method_reference_standard_calibration_and_traceability
 -> route_to_related_ontologies
 -> recursively_expand_required_dependencies
 -> verify_result
 -> assign_confidence
 -> produce_semantic_output
 -> END
}
FLOW_HASH {
 METHOD="semantic-content-identity"
 ID="KIRETH-MATH-MEASUREMENT-UNITS-SI-DERIVED-UNITS-WEBER-ONTOLOGY-V1"
}
}
END_FLOW