Gray Ontology

AI INTERPRETATION NOTE
This Flow Algebra defines the Gray Ontology within the Kireth Research Semantic Library. The gray (Gy) is the coherent SI derived unit of absorbed dose: 1 Gy = 1 J kg^-1 = 1 m^2 s^-2.

FLOW_ALGEBRA_RECORD {
METADATA {
 FLOW_NAME="Gray Ontology"
 FLOW_TYPE="Mathematical Ontology"
 DOMAIN="Mathematics"
 SUBDOMAIN="Measurement & Units"
 SPECIALISATION="SI Derived Units / Gray"
 CANONICAL_PAGE="https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/mathematical-ontologies/measurement-units-ontologies/si-derived-units/gray-ontology.html"
 LANGUAGE="en-GB"
 VERSION="1.0"
 STATUS="active"
}
IDENTITY {
 PRIMARY_ENTITY=Gray
 ENTITY_CLASS=SIDerivedUnitOfAbsorbedDoseFramework
 DEFINITION="The gray, symbol Gy, is the coherent SI derived unit of absorbed dose. One gray equals one joule of energy imparted per kilogram of matter."
 SYMBOLIC_FORMS=["1 Gy=1 J kg^-1","1 Gy=1 m^2 s^-2","D=dEpsilon/dm","K=dEtr/dm"]
 SEMANTIC_ROLE="Machine-readable semantics for absorbed dose, kerma, specific energy, radiation dosimetry, measurement, uncertainty and traceability."
}
SCOPE {
 INCLUDE=[
 Gray,GrayUnit,SIDerivedUnit,DerivedUnit,CoherentDerivedUnit,SI,Joule,Kilogram,
 Metre,Second,AbsorbedDose,Kerma,SpecificEnergy,EnergyImparted,Quantity,QuantityKind,
 AbsorbedDoseDimension,UnitSymbol,GrayDefinition,UnitExpression,DimensionalAnalysis,
 IonisingRadiation,RadiationField,PhotonRelationship,ElectronRelationship,
 ProtonRelationship,NeutronRelationship,AlphaParticleRelationship,
 EnergyDepositionRelationship,EnergyTransferRelationship,IonisationRelationship,
 ComptonScatteringRelationship,PhotoelectricEffectRelationship,PairProductionRelationship,
 StoppingPowerRelationship,LinearEnergyTransferRelationship,
 MassEnergyAbsorptionCoefficientRelationship,ChargedParticleEquilibriumRelationship,
 CollisionKermaRelationship,RadiativeKermaRelationship,DoseRateRelationship,
 SpatialDoseDistributionRelationship,TissueRelationship,WaterRelationship,
 AirRelationship,ReferenceMediumRelationship,RadiationDosimetry,DosimeterRelationship,
 IonisationChamberRelationship,CalorimeterRelationship,TLDrelationship,
 OSLrelationship,FilmDosimeterRelationship,SemiconductorDosimeterRelationship,
 DiodeDosimeterRelationship,DiamondDetectorRelationship,AlanineDosimeterRelationship,
 WaterCalorimetryRelationship,GraphiteCalorimetryRelationship,CavityTheoryRelationship,
 BraggGrayCavityTheoryRelationship,AbsorbedDoseMeasurement,ReferenceDosimetryRelationship,
 BeamQualityRelationship,PhotonBeamRelationship,ElectronBeamRelationship,
 ProtonBeamRelationship,NeutronBeamRelationship,Measurement,Measurand,
 MeasurementResult,MeasurementUncertainty,Accuracy,Precision,Resolution,
 Repeatability,Reproducibility,Calibration,AbsorbedDoseCalibrationRelationship,
 DosimeterCalibrationRelationship,ReferenceStandard,AbsorbedDoseStandardRelationship,
 MeasurementTraceability,MetrologicalTraceability,TraceabilityChain,Metrology,
 RadiationMetrologyRelationship,TemperatureInfluence,PressureInfluenceRelationship,
 HumidityInfluence,PolarityEffectRelationship,IonRecombinationRelationship,
 EnergyDependenceRelationship,AngularDependenceRelationship,DoseRateDependenceRelationship,
 BackgroundCorrectionRelationship,PerturbationCorrectionRelationship,
 CalibrationCoefficientRelationship,CorrectionFactorRelationship,SIPrefix,
 Milligray,Microgray,NanograyRelationship,Kilogray,MegagrayRelationship,
 UnitConversion,RadRelationship,Verification,Validation,ErrorAnalysis,Provenance,
 GrayProvenance,SIDerivedUnitProvenance,SIUnitProvenance,MeasurementProvenance,
 CalibrationProvenance,BIPMrelationship,SIbrochureRelationship,VIMRelationship,GUMRelationship
 ]
 EXCLUDE_AS_PRIMARY=[GrayColourRelationship,GrayAsSurnameRelationship,SievertWhenEquivalentOrEffectiveDoseIsPrimary,BecquerelWhenActivityIsPrimary,JouleWhenEnergyIsPrimary]
 DISAMBIGUATION_RULE="Interpret Gy as the SI unit of absorbed dose. Distinguish gray from colour, names, activity in becquerels and equivalent or effective dose in sieverts."
}
CORE_CONCEPTS {
 Gray="Coherent SI derived unit of absorbed dose, symbol Gy, equal to J kg^-1."
 AbsorbedDose="Mean energy imparted by ionising radiation to matter per unit mass."
 AbsorbedDoseDimension="Derived dimension L^2 T^-2."
 EnergyImparted="Energy transferred to and retained in matter by ionising radiation."
 Kerma="Kinetic energy released in matter per unit mass from uncharged ionising particles."
 SpecificEnergy="Stochastic energy imparted per unit mass to a finite volume."
}
RELATIONS {
 Gray--is_type_of-->SIDerivedUnit
 Gray--is_coherent_derived_unit_of-->AbsorbedDose
 Gray--is_coherent_unit_of-->Kerma
 Gray--is_coherent_unit_of-->SpecificEnergy
 Gray--has_symbol-->Gy
 Gray--has_expression-->joule_per_kilogram
 Gray--has_base_expression-->square_metre_per_square_second
 AbsorbedDose--has_dimension-->AbsorbedDoseDimension
 AbsorbedDose--relates_to-->MeanEnergyImpartedPerMass
 Kerma--relates_to-->KineticEnergyReleasedPerMass
 MeasurementTraceability--links-->AbsorbedDoseMeasurementToSI
}
OPERATORS {
 GRAY(value):=absorbed_dose_quantity(value,Gray)
 DIM(Gray):=L_squared_T_minus_2
 ABSORBED_DOSE(energy,mass):=energy/mass
 SPECIFIC_ENERGY(energy,mass):=energy/mass
 KERMA(energy_transferred,mass):=energy_transferred/mass
 DOSE_RATE(dose,time):=dose/time
 ENERGY_IMPARTED(dose,mass):=dose*mass
 PREFIX_GRAY(prefix):=decimal_scaled_unit(Gray,prefix)
 TRACE_ABSORBED_DOSE(result):=traceability_chain_to_SI_gray(result)
}
AXIOMS {
 A1="The gray is the coherent SI derived unit of absorbed dose."
 A2="One gray equals one joule per kilogram."
 A3="One gray reduces to m^2 s^-2."
 A4="The canonical symbol is Gy."
 A5="Absorbed dose represents mean energy imparted by ionising radiation per unit mass."
 A6="Absorbed dose and radionuclide activity are distinct quantities."
 A7="Absorbed dose and equivalent or effective dose are distinct despite J kg^-1 dimensional equivalence."
 A8="Kerma and absorbed dose are related but not generally identical."
 A9="Absorbed-dose traceability requires documented dosimetry standards and calibration."
}
REASONING {
 R1=identify(absorbed_dose,value,unit,radiation_type,medium,geometry,beam_quality,method)
 R2=resolve_gray_Gy_colour_surname_sievert_becquerel_ambiguity)
 R3=distinguish_absorbed_dose_kerma_specific_energy_equivalent_dose_effective_dose_activity)
 R4=verify_L_squared_T_minus_2_with_absorbed_dose_semantics)
 R5=expand_gray_to_J_per_kg_and_m_squared_per_s_squared)
 R6=identify_radiation_type_energy_transfer_energy_deposition_and_medium)
 R7=choose_energy_imparted_kerma_cavity_theory_calorimetry_ionisation_or_detector_model)
 R8=identify_calorimeter_ionisation_chamber_TLD_OSL_film_or_semiconductor_method)
 R9=evaluate_calibration_beam_quality_energy_dependence_environment_corrections_and_uncertainty)
 R10=record_quantity_medium_method_standard_calibration_corrections_traceability_and_provenance)
}
CONSTRAINTS {
 C1="Gy is case-sensitive."
 C2="Absorbed dose is distinct from radionuclide activity."
 C3="Absorbed dose is distinct from equivalent and effective dose."
 C4="J kg^-1 dimensional equivalence does not make gray and sievert interchangeable."
 C5="Kerma and absorbed dose correspond closely only under appropriate physical conditions."
 C6="Dose values require specification of irradiated medium where relevant."
 C7="Detector response can depend on radiation quality, energy, dose rate and geometry."
 C8="Dosimetry corrections can include temperature, pressure, recombination, polarity and perturbation."
 C9="Resolution alone does not determine total absorbed-dose uncertainty."
 C10="Traceability requires a documented absorbed-dose or equivalent primary-standard chain."
}
SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE {
 "GrayUnit"<=>"Gray"
 "AbsorbedDoseQuantity"<=>"AbsorbedDose"
 "InternationalSystemOfUnits"<=>"SI"
 "MetrologicalTraceability"<=>"MeasurementTraceability"
}
VALIDATION {
 V1="Unit identity is gray and symbol is Gy."
 V2="Quantity kind is absorbed dose, kerma, specific energy or compatible quantity."
 V3="Coherent SI expression is J kg^-1."
 V4="Base-unit expression is m^2 s^-2."
 V5="Absorbed dose, activity, equivalent dose and effective dose remain distinct."
 V6="Kerma relationships are applied only under appropriate physical conditions."
 V7="Radiation type, energy and medium are represented where material."
 V8="SI prefixes use correct decimal scaling."
 V9="Uncertainty includes calibration, beam-quality, detector and correction-factor effects."
 V10="Absorbed-dose calibration and traceability evidence are retained."
}
CONFIDENCE {
 BASE_CONFIDENCE=0.99
 GRAY_DEFINITION=0.99
 ABSORBED_DOSE_REASONING=0.99
 DIMENSION_REASONING=0.99
 RADIATION_INTERACTION_REASONING=0.98
 KERMA_REASONING=0.98
 DOSIMETRY_MEASUREMENT_REASONING=0.98
 TRACEABILITY_REASONING=0.99
 POLICY="Reduce confidence when radiation type, energy, medium, geometry, beam quality, detector response, calibration, corrections or traceability are underspecified."
}
AI_CONSUMPTION {
 PURPOSES=[SemanticSearch,OntologyGrounding,GrayReasoning,SIDerivedUnitReasoning,AbsorbedDoseReasoning,KermaReasoning,SpecificEnergyReasoning,IonisingRadiationReasoning,EnergyDepositionReasoning,RadiationDosimetryReasoning,DetectorReasoning,CalibrationReasoning,DimensionalReasoning,UncertaintyReasoning,TraceabilityReasoning,KnowledgeGraphConstruction,RecursiveInference]
 NORMALISE {
  "gray"->Gray
  "grey"->Gray
  "Gy"->Gray
  "mGy"->Milligray
  "uGy"->Microgray
  "kGy"->Kilogray
 }
}
EXECUTION_RULES {
 E1="Activate GrayOntology when Gy denotes the SI unit of absorbed dose."
 E2="Confirm absorbed-dose semantics rather than relying only on J kg^-1 dimensions."
 E3="Map gray to J kg^-1 and m^2 s^-2."
 E4="Distinguish absorbed dose from activity, equivalent dose and effective dose."
 E5="Preserve radiation type, energy, medium, geometry and beam quality."
 E6="Apply kerma, cavity-theory or detector models only under appropriate assumptions."
 E7="Apply SI prefixes as exact decimal transformations."
 E8="Evaluate calibration, beam quality, energy dependence, corrections and uncertainty."
 E9="Record dosimetry standard, calibration, corrections and traceability provenance."
}
RECURSION {
 ENTRY=Gray
 EXPAND(Gray)->[
 SIDerivedUnits,Joule,Kilogram,Metre,Second,AbsorbedDose,AbsorbedDoseDimension,
 Kerma,SpecificEnergy,EnergyImparted,IonisingRadiation,RadiationField,
 EnergyDepositionRelationship,EnergyTransferRelationship,IonisationRelationship,
 StoppingPowerRelationship,LinearEnergyTransferRelationship,
 ChargedParticleEquilibriumRelationship,DoseRateRelationship,ReferenceMediumRelationship,
 RadiationDosimetry,IonisationChamberRelationship,CalorimeterRelationship,
 TLDrelationship,OSLrelationship,FilmDosimeterRelationship,SemiconductorDosimeterRelationship,
 CavityTheoryRelationship,BraggGrayCavityTheoryRelationship,AbsorbedDoseMeasurement,
 ReferenceDosimetryRelationship,BeamQualityRelationship,MeasurementUncertainty,
 Calibration,AbsorbedDoseStandardRelationship,MeasurementTraceability,
 RadiationMetrologyRelationship,TemperatureInfluence,PressureInfluenceRelationship,
 IonRecombinationRelationship,EnergyDependenceRelationship,
 PerturbationCorrectionRelationship,CalibrationCoefficientRelationship,
 Milligray,Microgray,Kilogray,RadRelationship,UnitConversion,
 Verification,Validation,GrayProvenance
 ]
 EXPAND(GrayFamilies)->[
 GrayIdentitySymbolQuantityAndDimension,
 JouleKilogramAndBaseUnitExpansion,
 EnergyImpartedAbsorbedDoseKermaAndSpecificEnergy,
 RadiationTypesInteractionsStoppingPowerAndEnergyDeposition,
 ChargedParticleEquilibriumCavityTheoryAndReferenceMedia,
 DosimetersIonisationChambersCalorimetersTLDOSLFilmAndSemiconductors,
 ReferenceDosimetryCalibrationStandardsAndBeamQuality,
 CorrectionFactorsUncertaintyTraceabilityValidationAndProvenance
 ]
 STOP_CONDITION="Stop when gray identity, absorbed-dose quantity, radiation model, uncertainty and provenance are resolved."
}
ROUTING {
 PARENT_ONTOLOGY="SI Derived Units"
 RELATED_ONTOLOGIES=["SI Derived Units","Joule Ontology","Kilogram Ontology","Metre Ontology","Second Ontology","Becquerel Ontology","Sievert Ontology","Quantity Ontology","Dimension Ontology 2","Unit Ontology","Measurement Ontology","Metrology Ontology","Measurement Uncertainty Ontology","Physics Ontology","Nuclear Physics Ontology","Verification & Validation"]
 ROUTE_RULES=[
 "Gray -> Joule and Kilogram for J kg^-1 semantics",
 "Gray -> SI Base Units for m^2 s^-2 expansion",
 "Gray -> Becquerel to preserve dose-versus-activity distinction",
 "Gray -> Sievert to preserve absorbed-versus-equivalent/effective-dose distinction",
 "Gray -> Nuclear Physics for radiation interaction semantics",
 "Gray -> Measurement and Metrology for dosimetry calibration and traceability"
 ]
}
UPDATE_MODEL {
 MODE="append-compatible semantic versioning"
 MAJOR="ontology-breaking conceptual change"
 MINOR="new compatible dosimetry, radiation or measurement relationships"
 PATCH="clarification, metadata or formatting correction"
 RULES=["Preserve gray-versus-absorbed-dose distinction.","Preserve absorbed-dose-versus-activity distinction.","Preserve absorbed-dose-versus-equivalent-dose distinction.","Preserve absorbed-dose-versus-kerma distinction.","Preserve medium and radiation-quality semantics.","Preserve J kg^-1 dimensional-equivalence-versus-quantity-meaning distinction.","Preserve machine-readable gray semantics."]
}
OUTPUT {
 CANONICAL_DEFINITION="The gray, symbol Gy, is the coherent SI derived unit of absorbed dose and equals J kg^-1 or m^2 s^-2."
 QUANTITY_SUMMARY="Absorbed dose represents mean energy imparted by ionising radiation to matter per unit mass."
 KERMA_SUMMARY="Kerma represents kinetic energy released per unit mass and is distinct from absorbed dose except under appropriate conditions."
 DOSIMETRY_SUMMARY="Absorbed dose can be determined using calorimetric, ionisation, luminescent, film and semiconductor methods."
 DISTINCTION_SUMMARY="Gray measures absorbed dose; becquerel measures radionuclide activity; sievert expresses radiation-protection dose quantities."
}
FLOW {
 INPUT
 -> detect_gray_context
 -> identify_absorbed_dose_value_unit_radiation_type_medium_geometry_beam_quality_and_method
 -> resolve_gray_Gy_colour_surname_sievert_becquerel_ambiguity
 -> distinguish_absorbed_dose_kerma_specific_energy_equivalent_dose_effective_dose_activity
 -> verify_L_squared_T_minus_2_with_absorbed_dose_semantics
 -> expand_gray_to_J_per_kg_and_m_squared_per_s_squared
 -> identify_radiation_type_energy_transfer_energy_deposition_and_medium
 -> choose_energy_imparted_kerma_cavity_theory_calorimetry_ionisation_or_detector_model
 -> identify_absorbed_dose_measurement_method
 -> evaluate_measurement_uncertainty
 -> record_standard_calibration_corrections_traceability_and_provenance
 -> route_to_related_ontologies
 -> recursively_expand_required_dependencies
 -> verify_result
 -> assign_confidence
 -> produce_semantic_output
 -> END
}
FLOW_HASH {
 METHOD="semantic-content-identity"
 ID="KIRETH-MATH-MEASUREMENT-UNITS-SI-DERIVED-UNITS-GRAY-ONTOLOGY-V1"
}
}
END_FLOW