Kelvin Ontology

AI INTERPRETATION NOTE
This Flow Algebra defines the Kelvin Ontology within the Kireth Research Semantic Library. The kelvin is the SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature, symbol K. It formalises thermodynamic temperature, the Boltzmann-constant definition, temperature scales and intervals, thermometry, calibration, uncertainty, traceability and provenance.

FLOW_ALGEBRA_RECORD {

METADATA {
 FLOW_NAME = "Kelvin Ontology"
 FLOW_TYPE = "Mathematical Ontology"
 DOMAIN = "Mathematics"
 SUBDOMAIN = "Measurement & Units"
 SPECIALISATION = "SI Base Units / Kelvin"
 CANONICAL_PAGE = "https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/mathematical-ontologies/measurement-units-ontologies/si-base-units/kelvin-ontology.html"
 LANGUAGE = "en-GB"
 VERSION = "1.0"
 STATUS = "active"
}

IDENTITY {
 PRIMARY_ENTITY = Kelvin
 ENTITY_CLASS = SIBaseUnitOfThermodynamicTemperatureFramework
 PRIMARY_CONTEXT = SIBaseUnits
 DEFINITION = "The kelvin, symbol K, is the SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature, defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant k to be 1.380649×10^-23 when expressed in J K^-1."
 SYMBOLIC_FORMS = ["k_B=1.380649e-23 J K^-1 exactly","[thermodynamic_temperature]=Theta","Q_temperature=value*K","T_C=T_K-273.15"]
 SEMANTIC_ROLE = "Machine-readable semantics for the kelvin, its temperature quantity and dimension, defining constant, scale relations, realisation, measurement, uncertainty and traceability."
}

SCOPE {
 INCLUDE = [
 Kelvin,SIBaseUnit,SIUnit,BaseUnit,MeasurementUnit,Unit,
 InternationalSystemOfUnits,SI,ThermodynamicTemperature,Temperature,
 PhysicalQuantity,Quantity,QuantityKind,BaseQuantity,SIBaseQuantity,
 QuantityValue,Dimension,BaseDimension,ThermodynamicTemperatureDimension,
 DimensionalSignature,UnitSymbol,UnitDefinition,KelvinDefinition,
 DefiningConstant,BoltzmannConstant,ExactValue,Joule,Energy,
 ThermodynamicTemperatureScale,CelsiusTemperature,DegreeCelsiusRelationship,
 TemperatureInterval,TemperatureDifference,AbsoluteZero,
 TriplePointOfWaterRelationship,FixedPointRelationship,ITS90Relationship,
 UnitRealisation,KelvinRealisation,MiseEnPratiqueRelationship,
 PrimaryThermometryRelationship,SecondaryThermometryRelationship,
 AcousticGasThermometryRelationship,JohnsonNoiseThermometryRelationship,
 RadiationThermometryRelationship,ResistanceThermometryRelationship,
 PlatinumResistanceThermometerRelationship,SPRTRelationship,
 ThermocoupleRelationship,ThermistorRelationship,Thermometer,
 TemperatureSensorRelationship,MeasurementSystem,Measurement,Measurand,
 MeasurementProcedure,MeasurementModel,MeasurementResult,
 MeasurementUncertainty,Accuracy,Precision,Resolution,Repeatability,
 Reproducibility,Stability,Drift,Calibration,
 TemperatureCalibrationRelationship,ReferenceStandard,
 TemperatureStandardRelationship,FixedPointCellRelationship,
 MeasurementTraceability,MetrologicalTraceability,TraceabilityChain,
 Metrology,ScientificMeasurement,EnvironmentalCondition,
 ThermalEquilibriumRelationship,ThermalGradientRelationship,
 SelfHeatingRelationship,ImmersionErrorRelationship,
 EmissivityRelationship,ThermalLagRelationship,PressureInfluence,
 Prefix,SIPrefix,Millikelvin,MicrokelvinRelationship,NanokelvinRelationship,
 KilokelvinRelationship,UnitConversion,ConversionFactor,ConversionOffset,
 AffineConversion,ExactConversion,UnitCompatibility,
 DimensionalCompatibility,QuantityCompatibility,FahrenheitRelationship,
 RankineRelationship,HeatCapacityRelationship,SpecificHeatCapacityRelationship,
 ThermalConductivityRelationship,EntropyRelationship,SIDerivedUnit,
 UnitExpression,UnitAlgebra,QuantityCalculus,DimensionalAnalysis,
 DimensionalConsistency,Verification,Validation,UnitValidation,
 ConversionValidation,ErrorAnalysis,Provenance,KelvinProvenance,
 SIUnitProvenance,MeasurementProvenance,CalibrationProvenance,
 StandardProvenance,BIPMrelationship,CGPMrelationship,CIPMrelationship,
 SIbrochureRelationship,VIMRelationship,GUMRelationship,StandardVersion
 ]
 EXCLUDE_AS_PRIMARY = [
 KelvinAsPersonalNameRelationship,
 CelsiusScaleWhenAffineScaleSemanticsArePrimary,
 GeneralTemperatureQuantityWhenUnitIdentityIsSecondary,
 HistoricalTriplePointDefinitionWhenCurrentSIDefinitionIsPrimary
 ]
 DISAMBIGUATION_RULE = "When kelvin or symbol K denotes the SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature, interpret the context as the kelvin measurement unit."
}

CORE_CONCEPTS {
 Kelvin = "SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature, symbol K."
 ThermodynamicTemperature = "Physical quantity expressing thermodynamic temperature."
 ThermodynamicTemperatureDimension = "Base physical dimension represented by Theta."
 BoltzmannConstant = "Defining constant k whose exact SI numerical value supports the kelvin definition."
 AbsoluteZero = "Zero thermodynamic temperature."
 KelvinRealisation = "Practical realisation of thermodynamic temperature consistent with SI."
 TemperatureInterval = "Difference between two temperatures, expressible in kelvins."
}

RELATIONS {
 Kelvin --is_type_of--> SIBaseUnit
 Kelvin --is_SI_base_unit_of--> ThermodynamicTemperature
 ThermodynamicTemperature --has_dimension--> ThermodynamicTemperatureDimension
 Kelvin --has_symbol--> K
 Kelvin --is_defined_via--> BoltzmannConstant
 BoltzmannConstant --has_exact_value--> 1.380649e-23_J_per_K
 KelvinRealisation --implements--> KelvinDefinition
 AbsoluteZero --has_value--> 0_K
 CelsiusTemperature --is_affinely_related_to--> KelvinTemperature
 TemperatureInterval --can_be_expressed_in--> Kelvin
 TemperatureCalibrationRelationship --uses--> ReferenceStandard
 MeasurementTraceability --links--> TemperatureMeasurementToSI
 Provenance --records--> KelvinDefinitionRealisationAndMeasurementHistory
}

OPERATORS {
 KELVIN(value) := thermodynamic_temperature_quantity(value,Kelvin)
 DIM(Kelvin) := ThermodynamicTemperatureDimension
 TO_CELSIUS(T_K) := T_K-273.15
 FROM_CELSIUS(T_C) := T_C+273.15
 TEMPERATURE_INTERVAL(T2,T1) := T2-T1
 PREFIX_KELVIN(prefix) := decimal_scaled_unit(Kelvin,prefix)
 REALISE_KELVIN(method,conditions) := SI_consistent_temperature_realisation(method,conditions)
 CALIBRATE_TEMPERATURE(item,reference) := temperature_calibration_relation(item,reference)
 TRACE_TEMPERATURE(result) := traceability_chain_to_SI_kelvin(result)
}

AXIOMS {
 A1 = "The kelvin is the SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature."
 A2 = "The canonical symbol of the kelvin is uppercase K without a degree sign."
 A3 = "Thermodynamic temperature has the SI base dimension Theta."
 A4 = "The Boltzmann constant has the exact SI value 1.380649×10^-23 J K^-1."
 A5 = "Absolute zero corresponds to zero kelvin."
 A6 = "A temperature interval of one kelvin has the same magnitude as an interval of one degree Celsius."
 A7 = "Kelvin and degree Celsius differ in origin for temperature values."
 A8 = "Practical realisation of the kelvin is distinct from the abstract SI definition."
 A9 = "Kelvin reasoning requires explicit temperature, scale, definition, realisation, uncertainty and traceability semantics."
}

REASONING {
 R1_CONTEXT = identify(temperature_quantity,value,unit,scale,measurement_method,range_and_intended_use)
 R2_IDENTITY = resolve_kelvin_prefixed_kelvin_Celsius_or_other_temperature_scale)
 R3_DIMENSION = verify_quantity_kind_thermodynamic_temperature_and_dimension_Theta)
 R4_DEFINITION = identify_Boltzmann_constant_definition_relationship)
 R5_SCALE = distinguish_absolute_temperature_value_from_temperature_interval)
 R6_CONVERSION = if_required_apply_affine_or_multiplicative_temperature_conversion)
 R7_REALISATION = identify_primary_thermometry_fixed_point_or_traceable_secondary_thermometry_route)
 R8_CORRECTIONS = evaluate_self_heating_gradients_immersion_emissivity_pressure_and_heat_transfer_effects)
 R9_UNCERTAINTY = propagate_reference_calibration_resolution_stability_correction_and_repeatability_components)
 R10_PROVENANCE = record_definition_version_scale_method_reference_standards_conditions_calibration_and_traceability)
}

CONSTRAINTS {
 C1 = "The symbol K is case-sensitive and is written without a degree sign."
 C2 = "Kelvin and Celsius temperature values require an origin offset."
 C3 = "Temperature intervals must not be confused with absolute temperature values."
 C4 = "The historical triple-point-of-water definition is not the current defining basis of the kelvin."
 C5 = "Sensor self-heating can bias contact-temperature measurements."
 C6 = "Temperature gradients and imperfect immersion can cause systematic error."
 C7 = "Radiation thermometry can require emissivity corrections."
 C8 = "Instrument resolution alone does not determine total temperature uncertainty."
 C9 = "Traceability to the kelvin requires a documented realisation or calibration chain."
 C10 = "Thermodynamic temperature and operational temperature scales must remain distinguishable."
}

SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE {
 "InternationalSystemOfUnits" <=> "SI"
 "MetrologicalTraceability" <=> "MeasurementTraceability"
 "ITS-90" <=> "ITS90"
 "StandardPlatinumResistanceThermometer" <=> "SPRT"
}

VALIDATION {
 V1 = "Unit identity is kelvin and canonical symbol is K."
 V2 = "Quantity kind is thermodynamic temperature."
 V3 = "Base dimension is Theta."
 V4 = "Modern definition uses the exact SI numerical value of the Boltzmann constant."
 V5 = "Absolute temperature and temperature interval semantics are distinguished."
 V6 = "Celsius conversions use the correct affine offset for temperature values."
 V7 = "Kelvin symbols do not use a degree sign."
 V8 = "Thermometric corrections are documented where material."
 V9 = "Measurement uncertainty and traceability evidence are retained."
 V10 = "Definition, realisation, scale and calibration relationships are traceable to documented standards and versions."
}

CONFIDENCE {
 BASE_CONFIDENCE = 0.99
 KELVIN_DEFINITION = 0.99
 TEMPERATURE_QUANTITY_REASONING = 0.99
 DIMENSION_REASONING = 0.99
 SCALE_CONVERSION_REASONING = 0.99
 THERMOMETRY_REASONING = 0.98
 REALISATION_REASONING = 0.98
 TRACEABILITY_REASONING = 0.99
 POLICY = "Reduce confidence when temperature scale, value-versus-interval semantics, measurement method, corrections, calibration status or traceability are underspecified."
}

AI_CONSUMPTION {
 PURPOSES = [
 SemanticSearch,OntologyGrounding,KelvinReasoning,SIBaseUnitReasoning,
 ThermodynamicTemperatureReasoning,TemperatureDimensionReasoning,
 BoltzmannConstantReasoning,TemperatureScaleReasoning,
 CelsiusConversionReasoning,ThermometryReasoning,
 TemperatureCalibrationReasoning,EnvironmentalCorrectionReasoning,
 UncertaintyReasoning,TraceabilityReasoning,KnowledgeGraphConstruction,
 RetrievalAugmentation,RecursiveInference
 ]
 NORMALISE {
  "kelvin" -> Kelvin
  "K" -> Kelvin
  "SI" -> InternationalSystemOfUnits
  "ITS-90" -> ITS90
  "SPRT" -> StandardPlatinumResistanceThermometer
 }
}

EXECUTION_RULES {
 E1 = "If kelvin or symbol K denotes the SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature, activate KelvinOntology."
 E2 = "Confirm quantity kind thermodynamic temperature and base dimension Theta."
 E3 = "Use the modern Boltzmann-constant defining relationship when formal definition semantics are required."
 E4 = "Distinguish absolute temperature values from temperature intervals."
 E5 = "Use affine conversion semantics between kelvin and Celsius temperature values."
 E6 = "Use multiplicative interval semantics for temperature differences."
 E7 = "Evaluate self-heating, gradients, immersion, emissivity and other thermometric effects where material."
 E8 = "Distinguish kelvin definition from practical realisation and operational temperature scales."
 E9 = "Preserve uncertainty and record definition versions, standards, conditions and provenance."
}

RECURSION {
 ENTRY = Kelvin
 EXPAND(Kelvin) -> [
 SIBaseUnits,SIBaseUnit,SIUnits,InternationalSystemOfUnits,SI,
 ThermodynamicTemperature,Temperature,PhysicalQuantity,Quantity,
 QuantityKind,QuantityValue,ThermodynamicTemperatureDimension,Dimension,
 BaseDimension,DimensionalSignature,Unit,MeasurementUnit,UnitSymbol,
 KelvinDefinition,DefiningConstant,BoltzmannConstant,Joule,Energy,
 AbsoluteZero,CelsiusTemperature,DegreeCelsiusRelationship,
 TemperatureInterval,UnitRealisation,KelvinRealisation,
 PrimaryThermometryRelationship,ITS90Relationship,
 AcousticGasThermometryRelationship,JohnsonNoiseThermometryRelationship,
 RadiationThermometryRelationship,ResistanceThermometryRelationship,
 SPRTRelationship,ThermocoupleRelationship,Thermometer,
 TemperatureSensorRelationship,MeasurementSystem,Measurement,Measurand,
 MeasurementResult,MeasurementUncertainty,Calibration,ReferenceStandard,
 TemperatureStandardRelationship,FixedPointCellRelationship,
 MeasurementTraceability,Metrology,ScientificMeasurement,
 ThermalGradientRelationship,SelfHeatingRelationship,
 ImmersionErrorRelationship,EmissivityRelationship,SIPrefix,Millikelvin,
 UnitConversion,HeatCapacityRelationship,EntropyRelationship,
 SIDerivedUnit,DimensionalAnalysis,Verification,Validation,
 KelvinProvenance
 ]
 EXPAND(KelvinFamilies) -> [
 KelvinIdentitySymbolQuantityAndDimension,
 BoltzmannConstantDefinitionAndEnergyTemperatureSemantics,
 AbsoluteZeroCelsiusAndTemperatureIntervalSemantics,
 PrimarySecondaryAndOperationalThermometry,
 TemperatureSensorsFixedPointsAndStandards,
 ThermalCorrectionsEnvironmentAndMeasurementEffects,
 UncertaintyCalibrationAndTraceability,
 ValidationStandardsVersionsAndProvenance
 ]
 STOP_CONDITION = "Stop when kelvin identity, temperature quantity, dimension, definition, scale semantics, realisation, measurement, uncertainty and provenance are sufficiently resolved."
}

ROUTING {
 PARENT_ONTOLOGY = "SI Base Units"
 RELATED_ONTOLOGIES = [
 "SI Base Units","SI Units Ontology","Measurement & Units Ontologies",
 "Foundations of Measurement","Quantity Ontology","Physical Quantity Ontology",
 "Dimension Ontology 2","Unit Ontology","Measurement Scale Ontology",
 "Measurement Ontology","Scientific Measurement Ontology 2",
 "Metrology Ontology","Reference Standard Ontology",
 "Measurement System Ontology","Measurement Uncertainty Ontology",
 "Dimensional Analysis Ontology","Verification & Validation"
 ]
 ROUTE_RULES = [
 "Kelvin -> SI Base Units for parent base-unit semantics",
 "Kelvin -> SI Units Ontology for system-wide SI semantics",
 "Kelvin -> Quantity and Physical Quantity ontologies for thermodynamic-temperature semantics",
 "Kelvin -> Dimension Ontology for base dimension Theta",
 "Kelvin -> Unit and Measurement Scale ontologies for unit and affine-scale semantics",
 "Kelvin -> Measurement and Scientific Measurement for thermometry",
 "Kelvin -> Metrology and Reference Standard for realisation, calibration and traceability",
 "Kelvin -> Measurement System for thermometer and sensor-chain semantics",
 "Kelvin -> Measurement Uncertainty for uncertainty evaluation",
 "Kelvin -> Verification & Validation for dimensional, conversion and measurement checks"
 ]
}

UPDATE_MODEL {
 MODE = "append-compatible semantic versioning"
 MAJOR = "ontology-breaking conceptual change"
 MINOR = "new compatible kelvin realisation, thermometry or reasoning relationships"
 PATCH = "clarification, metadata or formatting correction"
 RULES = [
 "Preserve kelvin-versus-temperature distinction.",
 "Preserve thermodynamic-temperature-versus-temperature-scale distinction.",
 "Preserve absolute-value-versus-temperature-interval distinction.",
 "Preserve unit-versus-quantity distinction.",
 "Preserve kelvin-definition-versus-realisation distinction.",
 "Preserve exact-definition-versus-measurement-uncertainty distinction.",
 "Preserve historical-triple-point-versus-current-definition distinction.",
 "Preserve machine-readable kelvin semantics."
 ]
}

OUTPUT {
 CANONICAL_DEFINITION = "The kelvin, symbol K, is the SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature and is defined through the exact SI numerical value of the Boltzmann constant."
 QUANTITY_SUMMARY = "The kelvin expresses thermodynamic temperature, whose SI base dimension is Theta."
 DEFINITION_SUMMARY = "The exact value k = 1.380649×10^-23 J K^-1 links the kelvin to energy and thermodynamic temperature."
 SCALE_SUMMARY = "Kelvin and degree Celsius have equal interval magnitude, while Celsius temperature values differ from kelvin values by an exact offset of 273.15."
 REALISATION_SUMMARY = "Practical thermometry can use primary methods, fixed points, resistance thermometry, radiation thermometry and traceable operational scales."
 UNCERTAINTY_SUMMARY = "Precision temperature measurement can require uncertainty contributions from calibration, self-heating, gradients, immersion, emissivity, stability and environment."
 VALIDATION_SUMMARY = "Kelvin semantics should preserve unit identity, temperature quantity, dimension, scale and interval distinctions, definition, realisation, uncertainty and provenance."
}

FLOW {
 INPUT
 -> detect_kelvin_context
 -> identify_temperature_quantity_value_unit_scale_measurement_method_range_and_intended_use
 -> resolve_kelvin_prefixed_kelvin_Celsius_or_other_temperature_scale
 -> verify_quantity_kind_thermodynamic_temperature_and_dimension_Theta
 -> identify_Boltzmann_constant_definition_relationship
 -> distinguish_absolute_temperature_value_from_temperature_interval
 -> if_required_apply_affine_or_multiplicative_temperature_conversion
 -> identify_primary_thermometry_fixed_point_or_traceable_secondary_thermometry_route
 -> evaluate_self_heating_gradients_immersion_emissivity_pressure_and_heat_transfer_effects
 -> propagate_reference_calibration_resolution_stability_correction_and_repeatability_uncertainty
 -> record_definition_version_scale_method_reference_standards_conditions_calibration_and_traceability
 -> route_to_related_ontologies
 -> recursively_expand_required_dependencies
 -> verify_result
 -> assign_confidence
 -> produce_semantic_output
 -> END
}

FLOW_HASH {
 METHOD = "semantic-content-identity"
 ID = "KIRETH-MATH-MEASUREMENT-UNITS-SI-BASE-UNITS-KELVIN-ONTOLOGY-V1"
}

}

END_FLOW