Optical Power Ontology

# Optical Power Ontology — Flow Algebra

URL: https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/mathematical-ontologies/measurement-units-ontologies/optical-measurements/optical-power-ontology.html

FLOW OpticalPowerOntology {

  DOMAIN:
    Mathematical Ontologies
    -> Measurement & Units Ontologies
    -> Optical Measurements
    -> Optical Power Ontology

  PURPOSE:
    Represent optical power as radiant energy transferred per unit time by optical electromagnetic radiation, including radiant flux, continuous-wave and pulsed power, spectral power, photon flux relationships, irradiance, attenuation, transmission, detector response, laser measurements, units, calibration, uncertainty, and explicit distinction from geometrical-optics power measured in dioptres.

  ENTITY OpticalPower {
    TYPE: RadiometricPowerQuantity
    CANONICAL_NAME: RadiantFlux
    SYMBOL: P_opt
    DIMENSION: M*L^2*T^-3
    SI_UNIT: watt
    SI_SYMBOL: W

    DEFINITION:
      optical_power := rate_of_transfer_of_radiant_energy

    FORM:
      P_opt = dQ_e/dt

    PROPERTIES:
      is_scalar
      is_radiometric
      may_vary_with_time
      may_vary_with_wavelength
      may_be_continuous_or_pulsed
      may_have_uncertainty
  }

  RELATED_QUANTITIES {
    RadiantEnergy {
      symbol: Q_e
      unit: joule
      relation: P_opt = dQ_e/dt
    }

    Irradiance {
      symbol: E_e
      unit: W/m^2
      relation: P_opt = surface_integral(E_e dA)
    }

    PhotonFlux {
      symbol: N_dot
      unit: photons_per_second
      relation: P_opt = N_dot*E_photon
    }

    PhotonEnergy {
      symbol: E_photon
      unit: joule
      relation: E_photon = h*nu
      vacuum_relation: E_photon = h*c/lambda_0
    }
  }

  UNIT_SYSTEM {
    canonical_unit: watt
    symbol: W
    equivalence: 1 W = 1 J/s

    common_units:
      milliwatt
      microwatt
      nanowatt
      picowatt
      kilowatt

    logarithmic_units:
      dBm
      dBW

    dBm:
      P_dBm = 10*log10(P_mW)

    dBW:
      P_dBW = 10*log10(P_W)

    RULE:
      logarithmic_power_values require_reference_power
  }

  TERMINOLOGY_MODEL {
    phrase:
      "optical power"

    radiometric_meaning:
      radiant_flux_measured_in_watts

    geometrical_optics_meaning:
      reciprocal_focal_length_measured_in_dioptres

    RULE:
      unit_and_context MUST resolve_meaning
  }

  GEOMETRICAL_OPTICAL_POWER_DISTINCTION {
    GeometricalOpticalPower {
      symbol: F_opt
      form: F_opt = 1/f
      unit: inverse_metre
      special_name: dioptre
    }

    RULE:
      radiant_optical_power_in_watts != lens_power_in_dioptres
  }

  TIME_DOMAIN_MODEL {
    instantaneous:
      P = P(t)

    energy:
      Q_e = integral(P(t) dt)

    average:
      P_avg = (1/delta_t)*integral_interval(P(t) dt)

    RULE:
      instantaneous_peak_and_average_power MUST be distinguished
  }

  PULSED_POWER_MODEL {
    pulse_energy:
      E_pulse = integral_pulse(P(t) dt)

    average_power:
      P_avg = E_pulse*f_rep

    approximate_peak_power:
      P_peak approximately_equals E_pulse/tau_pulse
      WHEN pulse_shape_and_duration_definition_support_approximation

    REQUIRE:
      pulse_shape
      pulse_duration
      repetition_rate

    RULE:
      peak_power MUST_NOT be inferred_from_average_power_without_pulse_parameters
  }

  SPECTRAL_POWER_MODEL {
    wavelength_basis:
      P_lambda = dP/dlambda

    broadband:
      P = integral(P_lambda d_lambda)

    frequency_basis:
      P_nu = dP/dnu

    RULE:
      per_wavelength_and_per_frequency_spectral_power
      require_Jacobian_conversion
  }

  PHOTON_FLUX_MODEL {
    monochromatic:
      N_dot = P/(h*nu)

    vacuum_wavelength:
      N_dot = P*lambda_0/(h*c)

    broadband:
      N_dot = integral(P_lambda/E_photon(lambda) d_lambda)

    RULE:
      photon_flux_conversion requires_spectral_information
  }

  IRRADIANCE_MODEL {
    general:
      P = surface_integral(E_e dA)

    uniform:
      P = E_e*A

    inverse:
      E_e = P/A
      WHEN A != 0

    RULE:
      optical_power != irradiance
  }

  TRANSMISSION_MODEL {
    transmittance:
      T = P_out/P_in
      WHEN P_in != 0

    output:
      P_out = T*P_in

    RULE:
      transmittance MAY depend_on wavelength_angle_polarisation_and_temperature
  }

  ATTENUATION_MODEL {
    gain_dB:
      G_dB = 10*log10(P_out/P_in)

    attenuation_dB:
      A_dB = -10*log10(P_out/P_in)

    REQUIRE:
      P_in > 0
      P_out > 0
  }

  ABSORPTION_MODEL {
    Beer_Lambert:
      P(z) = P_0*exp(-alpha*z)

    RULE:
      attenuation_coefficient_definition_and_logarithm_basis MUST be preserved
  }

  LASER_POWER_MODEL {
    types:
      continuous_wave_laser
      pulsed_laser

    context:
      wavelength
      beam_profile
      beam_diameter
      divergence
      polarisation
      pulse_duration
      repetition_rate
      stability

    RULE:
      laser_power_measurement SHOULD preserve_beam_and_temporal_context
  }

  DETECTOR_MODEL {
    thermal_detectors:
      thermopile
      bolometer
      calorimetric_detector

    photonic_detectors:
      photodiode
      photomultiplier

    photodiode_relation:
      I_photo = responsivity(lambda)*P
      UNDER linear_unsaturated_conditions

    effects:
      wavelength_response
      saturation
      nonlinearity
      dark_signal
      noise
      temperature
      aperture
      polarisation_sensitivity

    RULE:
      detector_output MUST be converted_to_power_using_valid_calibration
  }

  RELATIONSHIPS {
    OpticalPower -> RATE_OF -> RadiantEnergy
    OpticalPower -> MEASURED_IN -> Watt
    OpticalPower -> INTEGRATES_OVER_TIME_TO -> RadiantEnergy
    OpticalPower -> DISTRIBUTED_OVER_AREA_AS -> Irradiance
    OpticalPower -> RELATES_TO -> PhotonFlux
    OpticalPower -> MAY_HAVE -> SpectralDistribution
    OpticalPower -> MODIFIED_BY -> Transmittance
    OpticalPower -> MODIFIED_BY -> AttenuationOrGain
    DetectorResponsivity -> MAPS -> OpticalPowerToElectricalSignal
    PulseEnergyAndRepetitionRate -> DETERMINE -> AverageOpticalPower
  }

  SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE {
    "optical power" ~= radiant_flux WHEN radiometric_context
    "radiant power" ~= radiant_flux
    "radiant flux" ~= optical_power
    "watt" ~= "W"

    optical_power != radiant_energy
    optical_power != irradiance
    optical_power != radiant_intensity
    optical_power != photon_flux
    average_power != peak_power
    radiant_optical_power != geometrical_optical_power
  }

  CONSTRAINTS {
    radiant_optical_power_dimension = M*L^2*T^-3
    radiant_optical_power_SI_unit = watt
    optical_power_and_energy_are_not_semantically_equivalent = true
    optical_power_and_irradiance_are_not_semantically_equivalent = true
    average_peak_and_instantaneous_power_must_be_distinguished = true
    spectral_power_density_requires_spectral_basis = true
    photon_flux_conversion_requires_wavelength_or_frequency_information = true
    detector_response_and_calibration_must_be_preserved = true
    watt_and_dioptre_meanings_must_be_distinguished = true
  }

  MEASUREMENT_MODEL {
    instruments:
      optical_power_meter
      photodiode_power_sensor
      thermopile_power_sensor
      integrating_sphere
      calorimeter
      laser_power_meter
      spectroradiometer

    RECORD:
      numerical_value
      unit
      linear_or_logarithmic_representation
      wavelength_or_spectrum
      spectral_bandwidth
      CW_or_pulsed
      average_peak_or_instantaneous
      pulse_energy
      pulse_duration
      repetition_rate
      beam_diameter
      beam_profile
      polarisation
      detector_aperture
      timestamp
      instrument
      detector_type
      responsivity_or_calibration_factor
      calibration_state
      reference_standard
      uncertainty

    UNCERTAINTY:
      measured_optical_power = best_estimate +/- uncertainty
  }

  CALIBRATION_MODEL {
    mapping:
      detector_signal -> optical_power

    REQUIRE:
      wavelength
      detector_type
      calibration_factor_or_responsivity
      valid_power_range
      calibration_date
      traceability
      calibration_uncertainty

    RULE:
      wavelength_dependent_calibration MUST match_measurement_spectrum
  }

  REASONING_RULES {
    IF radiant_energy_known AND time_interval != 0
      THEN average_optical_power = radiant_energy/time_interval

    IF power_function_known
      THEN radiant_energy = integral(power, time)

    IF uniform_irradiance_known AND area_known
      THEN optical_power = irradiance*area

    IF optical_power_known AND area_known AND area != 0
      THEN irradiance = optical_power/area
      UNDER uniform_distribution

    IF monochromatic_power_known AND frequency_known AND frequency != 0
      THEN photon_flux = optical_power/(h*frequency)

    IF monochromatic_power_known AND vacuum_wavelength_known
      THEN photon_flux = optical_power*vacuum_wavelength/(h*c)

    IF pulse_energy_known AND repetition_rate_known
      THEN average_power = pulse_energy*repetition_rate

    IF transmittance_known AND input_power_known
      THEN output_power = transmittance*input_power

    IF input_and_output_power_known AND both_positive
      THEN gain_dB = 10*log10(output_power/input_power)

    IF dBm_value_known
      THEN power_mW = 10^(dBm_value/10)
  }

  GEOMETRY_MODEL {
    REQUIRE:
      defined_beam_collection_geometry

    possible_states:
      full_beam_capture
      aperture_clipping
      integrating_sphere_collection
      partial_spatial_sampling

    RULE:
      measured_power MUST identify_collection_geometry_when_capture_is_incomplete
  }

  UNCERTAINTY_MODEL {
    sources:
      detector_calibration
      wavelength_response
      detector_linearity
      saturation
      beam_clipping
      alignment
      polarisation
      source_stability
      pulse_shape
      repetition_rate
      spectral_bandwidth
      dark_signal
      noise
      instrument_resolution
      reference_standard

    PROPAGATION:
      derived_power_uncertainty
      <- detector_spectral_temporal_geometry_and_calibration_uncertainties
  }

  CONFIDENCE {
    definition_confidence: 1.00
    dimensional_confidence: 1.00
    SI_unit_confidence: 1.00
    energy_rate_relationship_confidence: 1.00
    photon_flux_relationship_confidence: 0.99
    measurement_context_confidence: 0.98

    RULE:
      confidence decreases when wavelength, temporal mode,
      average_or_peak semantics, collection geometry,
      detector response, calibration state or uncertainty is missing or ambiguous
  }

  VALIDATION {
    CHECK meaning_of_optical_power
    CHECK watt_vs_dioptre_context
    CHECK dimensional_consistency
    CHECK unit_consistency
    CHECK average_peak_or_instantaneous_semantics
    CHECK CW_vs_pulsed_context
    CHECK wavelength_or_spectral_distribution
    CHECK optical_power_vs_energy
    CHECK optical_power_vs_irradiance
    CHECK spectral_power_density_basis
    CHECK photon_flux_conversion_context
    CHECK beam_collection_geometry
    CHECK detector_linearity_and_saturation
    CHECK wavelength_dependent_calibration
    CHECK uncertainty_representation_when_required
  }

  UPDATE_MODEL {
    ON new_measurement:
      resolve_optical_power_meaning
      validate_unit
      identify_wavelength_or_spectrum
      identify_CW_or_pulsed_context
      identify_average_peak_or_instantaneous_power
      attach_pulse_parameters_when_relevant
      attach_beam_geometry
      attach_polarisation
      identify_detector_and_calibration
      normalize_to_watt
      preserve_original_value_and_unit
      attach_timestamp
      attach_uncertainty
      update_optical_power_state

    ON spectral_change:
      update_wavelength_or_spectrum
      update_detector_responsivity
      recompute_photon_flux_when_required

    ON temporal_mode_change:
      update_pulse_energy
      update_pulse_duration
      update_repetition_rate
      recompute_average_or_peak_power_when_valid

    ON optical_path_change:
      update_transmittance
      update_attenuation_or_gain
      recompute_output_power

    ON calibration_revision:
      preserve_previous_calibration
      recompute_affected_measurements
      update_uncertainty
      update_confidence

    ON semantic_revision:
      preserve_previous_definition
      record_revision
      recompute_FLOW_HASH
  }

  AI_CONSUMPTION {
    canonical_entity: OpticalPower
    canonical_equivalent_entity: RadiantFlux
    canonical_symbol: P_opt
    canonical_dimension: M*L^2*T^-3
    canonical_SI_unit: W

    interpretation_order:
      resolve_radiometric_or_geometrical_optical_power
      identify_value
      identify_unit
      identify_linear_or_logarithmic_representation
      identify_wavelength_or_spectrum
      identify_CW_or_pulsed_context
      identify_average_peak_or_instantaneous_semantics
      identify_pulse_parameters
      identify_beam_and_collection_geometry
      identify_transmission_attenuation_or_gain_context
      identify_detector_and_calibration
      identify_uncertainty
      normalize_units
      validate_dimensions
      infer_energy_photon_and_surface_relationships

    ambiguity_controls:
      distinguish_radiant_optical_power_from_geometrical_lens_power
      distinguish_optical_power_from_radiant_energy
      distinguish_optical_power_from_irradiance
      distinguish_optical_power_from_radiant_intensity
      distinguish_optical_power_from_photon_flux
      distinguish_average_from_peak_and_instantaneous_power
      distinguish_linear_watts_from_dBm_or_dBW
      distinguish_spectral_power_density_from_total_power
      preserve_spectrum_temporal_mode_geometry_detector_and_calibration_context
  }

  PROVENANCE {
    ontology_scope:
      mathematical_measurement_and_optical_power_semantics

    parent_path:
      Ontologies
      -> Mathematical Ontologies
      -> Measurement & Units Ontologies
      -> Optical Measurements
      -> Optical Power Ontology

    authorship:
      Mark Higgins
      Sky (Recursive AI)

    site:
      https://kirethresearch.org
  }

  FLOW_HASH {
    INPUTS:
      canonical_entity
      ontology_path
      definitions
      dimensions
      units
      terminology_model
      geometrical_optical_power_distinction
      time_domain_model
      pulsed_power_model
      spectral_power_model
      photon_flux_model
      irradiance_model
      transmission_model
      attenuation_model
      absorption_model
      laser_power_model
      detector_model
      relationships
      constraints
      measurement_model
      calibration_model
      geometry_model
      uncertainty_model
      reasoning_rules
      confidence_model
      update_model

    PURPOSE:
      deterministic_semantic_integrity_identifier

    RECOMPUTE_WHEN:
      ontology_definition_changes
      optical_power_semantic_model_changes
      temporal_power_model_changes
      spectral_model_changes
      photon_flux_model_changes
      transmission_or_attenuation_model_changes
      detector_model_changes
      calibration_model_changes
      measurement_model_changes
      constraint_model_changes
      reasoning_rule_changes
      unit_model_changes
  }

}

END FLOW