Calibration Laboratory Ontology

# Calibration Laboratory Ontology — Flow Algebra

URL: https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/mathematical-ontologies/measurement-units-ontologies/international-standards/calibration-laboratory-ontology.html

FLOW CalibrationLaboratoryOntology {

  DOMAIN:
    Mathematical Ontologies
    -> Measurement & Units Ontologies
    -> International Standards
    -> Calibration Laboratory Ontology

  PURPOSE:
    Represent a calibration laboratory as a metrological system that establishes documented relationships between measurement standards, reference quantity values and indications or values provided by measuring instruments, standards and measurement systems. The ontology models laboratory competence, scope, personnel, facilities, environmental conditions, calibration methods, reference standards, metrological traceability, measurement uncertainty, equipment, calibration intervals, handling, data acquisition, software, quality assurance, validity of results, interlaboratory comparisons, proficiency testing, calibration certificates, decision rules, conformity statements, nonconforming work, records, accreditation context, versioning, provenance and machine-consumable reasoning while strictly distinguishing calibration from adjustment, verification, validation, testing, certification and accreditation.

  ENTITY CalibrationLaboratory {
    TYPE: MetrologyLaboratory

    PROPERTIES:
      has_scope
      has_personnel
      has_facilities
      has_environment
      has_reference_standards
      has_measuring_equipment
      has_calibration_methods
      has_traceability
      evaluates_uncertainty
      produces_calibration_results
      issues_calibration_certificates
      monitors_validity_of_results
      has_quality_system
      may_be_accredited
      has_provenance
  }

  ENTITY Calibration {
    TYPE: MetrologicalOperation

    DEFINITION:
      operation_that_under_specified_conditions
      first_establishes_relation_between_quantity_values_with_measurement_uncertainties_provided_by_measurement_standards
      and_corresponding_indications_with_associated_measurement_uncertainties
      and_then_uses_this_information_to_establish_relation_for_obtaining_measurement_result_from_indication

    RULE:
      calibration != adjustment
  }

  ENTITY CalibrationItem {
    TYPE: ItemUnderCalibration

    POSSIBLE:
      measuring_instrument
      sensor
      measurement_standard
      reference_standard
      data_acquisition_channel
      measurement_system
      artefact_standard
  }

  ENTITY ReferenceStandard {
    TYPE: MeasurementStandard

    PROPERTIES:
      quantity_kind
      assigned_value
      unit
      uncertainty
      calibration_status
      traceability
      validity
      environmental_requirements
  }

  ENTITY CalibrationResult {
    TYPE: MeasurementResult

    COMPONENTS:
      reference_value
      indication
      correction_or_calibration_relation
      uncertainty
      conditions
      method
      traceability
      provenance
  }

  ENTITY CalibrationCertificate {
    TYPE: ControlledMetrologicalRecord

    COMPONENTS:
      certificate_identifier
      laboratory
      customer
      item_identifier
      calibration_date
      method
      results
      units
      uncertainty
      conditions
      traceability_information
      authorisation
  }

  LABORATORY_SCOPE_MODEL {
    fields:
      measurand_or_quantity
      instrument_or_item_type
      range
      calibration_method
      uncertainty_or_capability
      location
      conditions

    RULE:
      laboratory_competence_and_accreditation_claims MUST remain_within_scope
  }

  COMPETENCE_MODEL {
    components:
      personnel_competence
      method_competence
      equipment_suitability
      environmental_control
      uncertainty_evaluation
      traceability
      quality_assurance

    RULE:
      competence_is_specific_to_declared_calibration_activities
  }

  IMPARTIALITY_MODEL {
    risks:
      commercial
      organisational
      personal
      operational

    RULE:
      impartiality_risks SHOULD be identified_and_managed
  }

  CONFIDENTIALITY_MODEL {
    information:
      customer
      calibration_data
      proprietary_method
      records

    RULE:
      access_and_disclosure_controls MUST follow_declared_policy_and_requirements
  }

  PERSONNEL_MODEL {
    fields:
      identifier
      role
      education
      training
      technical_knowledge
      experience
      competence_evidence
      authorisation_scope

    RULE:
      personnel_authorisation MUST match_calibration_activity
  }

  TRAINING_MODEL {
    process:
      identify_need
      train
      assess_competence
      authorise
      monitor

    RULE:
      attendance_alone_does_not_establish_competence
  }

  AUTHORISATION_MODEL {
    activities:
      perform_calibration
      review_results
      approve_certificates
      operate_specific_equipment
      develop_methods

    RULE:
      authorisation_scope_and_date MUST be preserved
  }

  FACILITY_MODEL {
    requirements:
      suitable_space
      utilities
      isolation
      cleanliness
      safety
      environmental_control

    RULE:
      facility_suitability_depends_on_quantity_and_uncertainty_target
  }

  ENVIRONMENT_MODEL {
    possible:
      temperature
      humidity
      atmospheric_pressure
      vibration
      acoustic_noise
      electromagnetic_field
      cleanliness
      lighting
      power_quality

    RULE:
      environmental_quantities_affecting_result MUST be monitored_or_controlled
  }

  TEMPERATURE_MODEL {
    measured:
      T

    requirements:
      range
      stability
      gradients

    RULE:
      temperature_sensor_itself_requires_suitable_calibration_and_uncertainty
  }

  HUMIDITY_MODEL {
    measured:
      RH_or_other_humidity_quantity

    RULE:
      humidity_effect_may_be_item_method_and_material_specific
  }

  PRESSURE_MODEL {
    atmospheric_pressure:
      may_affect_dimensional_mass_pressure_optical_or_other_calibrations

    RULE:
      pressure_correction_and_uncertainty MUST be included_when_material
  }

  VIBRATION_MODEL {
    disturbance:
      mechanical_motion

    RULE:
      vibration_control_requirement_depends_on_measurement_sensitivity
  }

  ELECTROMAGNETIC_ENVIRONMENT_MODEL {
    disturbance:
      electromagnetic_interference
      radiofrequency
      magnetic_field

    RULE:
      susceptibility SHOULD be assessed_for_sensitive_electrical_measurements
  }

  ENVIRONMENTAL_RECORD_MODEL {
    record:
      timestamps
      values
      sensors
      limits
      excursions

    RULE:
      environmental_data MUST be linkable_to_calibration_event
  }

  METHOD_MODEL {
    calibration_method:
      documented_procedure

    components:
      scope
      equipment
      standards
      setup
      sequence
      calculations
      corrections
      uncertainty
      acceptance_checks
      reporting

    RULE:
      method_identifier_and_version MUST be preserved
  }

  STANDARD_METHOD_MODEL {
    source:
      published_standard_or_authoritative_method

    RULE:
      laboratory MUST verify_ability_to_properly_perform_method
  }

  LAB_DEVELOPED_METHOD_MODEL {
    source:
      laboratory

    RULE:
      method_requires_validation_appropriate_to_intended_use
  }

  METHOD_VERIFICATION_MODEL {
    purpose:
      demonstrate_laboratory_can_achieve_required_performance_using_established_method

    RULE:
      verification != validation
  }

  METHOD_VALIDATION_MODEL {
    characteristics:
      range
      uncertainty
      bias
      repeatability
      robustness
      model_validity

    RULE:
      validation_extent MUST match_method_complexity_and_risk
  }

  METHOD_CHANGE_MODEL {
    change:
      equipment
      software
      calculation
      range
      reference
      procedure

    RULE:
      significant_change MAY require_reverification_or_revalidation
  }

  REFERENCE_STANDARD_MODEL {
    hierarchy:
      primary
      secondary
      reference
      working

    RULE:
      role_and_traceability_of_each_standard MUST be preserved
  }

  WORKING_STANDARD_MODEL {
    standard:
      routinely_used_to_calibrate_or_check_items

    RULE:
      working_standard_requires_calibration_and_monitoring
  }

  CHECK_STANDARD_MODEL {
    purpose:
      monitor_measurement_process_between_calibrations

    RULE:
      check_standard_stability MUST be characterised
  }

  REFERENCE_MATERIAL_MODEL {
    use:
      calibration
      validation
      quality_control

    RULE:
      certificate_property_value_uncertainty_and_validity MUST be preserved
  }

  TRACEABILITY_MODEL {
    measurement_result:
      related_to_reference
      through_documented_unbroken_chain_of_calibrations
      each_contributing_to_uncertainty

    RULE:
      traceability_is_property_of_result_not_instrument_label
  }

  TRACEABILITY_CHAIN_MODEL {
    calibration_result
      -> laboratory_reference_standard
      -> higher_level_standard
      -> national_or_international_reference
      -> SI_or_other_stated_reference

    RULE:
      actual_chain_and_reference MUST be documented
  }

  SI_TRACEABILITY_MODEL {
    reference:
      International_System_of_Units

    RULE:
      use_of_SI_units_alone_does_not_establish_metrological_traceability
  }

  NON_SI_TRACEABILITY_MODEL {
    reference:
      stated_reference_other_than_SI_when_SI_traceability_not_possible_or_not_relevant

    RULE:
      reference_and_reason MUST be documented
  }

  CALIBRATION_STATUS_MODEL {
    possible:
      valid
      due
      overdue
      suspended
      invalid
      under_review

    RULE:
      standard_or_equipment_with_invalid_status MUST not_be used_without_controlled_exception
  }

  CALIBRATION_INTERVAL_MODEL {
    factors:
      stability
      usage
      environment
      history
      required_uncertainty
      manufacturer_information
      risk

    RULE:
      interval SHOULD be evidence_and_risk_based
  }

  INTERMEDIATE_CHECK_MODEL {
    purpose:
      maintain_confidence_in_calibration_status

    possible:
      zero_check
      span_check
      reference_check
      control_measurement

    RULE:
      intermediate_check != full_recalibration
  }

  EQUIPMENT_MODEL {
    fields:
      identifier
      manufacturer
      model
      serial_number
      range
      resolution
      calibration_status
      maintenance
      software_or_firmware
      location

    RULE:
      equipment_identity MUST be traceable_to_calibration_record
  }

  EQUIPMENT_SUITABILITY_MODEL {
    criteria:
      range
      resolution
      stability
      uncertainty
      environmental_rating
      interface

    RULE:
      equipment_must_be_suitable_for_required_calibration_uncertainty
  }

  EQUIPMENT_HANDLING_MODEL {
    activities:
      transport
      storage
      setup
      protection
      cleaning

    RULE:
      handling_conditions_can_affect_calibration_state
  }

  MAINTENANCE_MODEL {
    events:
      preventive
      corrective
      cleaning
      component_replacement

    RULE:
      maintenance MAY invalidate_previous_calibration
  }

  ADJUSTMENT_MODEL {
    action:
      change_instrument_response_to_make_indication_correspond_more_closely_to_reference

    RULE:
      adjustment != calibration
      and_post_adjustment_calibration_or_verification_may_be_required
  }

  REPAIR_MODEL {
    action:
      restore_function

    RULE:
      repair_can_change_metrological_characteristics_and_trigger_recalibration
  }

  AS_FOUND_MODEL {
    state:
      calibration_results_before_adjustment_or_repair

    RULE:
      as_found_data SHOULD be preserved_when_available
  }

  AS_LEFT_MODEL {
    state:
      calibration_results_after_adjustment_or_final_calibration

    RULE:
      as_left_state MUST be distinguished_from_as_found
  }

  CALIBRATION_POINT_MODEL {
    reference_value:
      x_ref

    indication:
      y

    correction:
      C =
        x_ref-y
      under_declared_sign_convention

    RULE:
      correction_sign MUST be explicit
  }

  CALIBRATION_CURVE_MODEL {
    relation:
      y =
        f(x_ref)

    inverse:
      x =
        g(y)

    RULE:
      model_range_and_parameter_uncertainty MUST be preserved
  }

  LINEAR_CALIBRATION_MODEL {
    y =
      a*x+b

    inverse:
      x =
        (y-b)/a
      WHEN a != 0
  }

  NONLINEAR_CALIBRATION_MODEL {
    possible:
      polynomial
      spline
      physical_model
      lookup_table

    RULE:
      interpolation_and_extrapolation behaviour MUST be defined
  }

  CORRECTION_MODEL {
    corrected_value:
      x_corr =
        indication+correction
      under_declared_sign_convention

    RULE:
      correction_uncertainty MUST be propagated
  }

  CALIBRATION_FACTOR_MODEL {
    factor:
      k =
        reference/indication
      under_valid_nonzero_context

    RULE:
      multiplicative_factor_is_not_appropriate_for_all_instruments
  }

  RANGE_MODEL {
    calibration_range:
      [x_min,x_max]

    RULE:
      certificate MUST not_imply_validity_beyond_calibrated_or_supported_range
  }

  CALIBRATION_POINT_SELECTION_MODEL {
    points:
      selected_across_range

    factors:
      instrument_behaviour
      customer_need
      method
      uncertainty
      hysteresis

    RULE:
      point_density SHOULD support_intended_use
  }

  UP_DOWN_CYCLE_MODEL {
    sequence:
      increasing_reference
      decreasing_reference

    purpose:
      assess_hysteresis_or_reversibility

    RULE:
      direction MUST be preserved
  }

  REPEAT_MEASUREMENT_MODEL {
    repeats:
      multiple_indications_at_same_reference

    outputs:
      mean
      standard_deviation
      repeatability_component

    RULE:
      independence_and_time_context MUST be assessed
  }

  ZERO_MODEL {
    reference:
      zero_or_baseline

    RULE:
      zero_check_does_not_replace_full_range_calibration
  }

  RESOLUTION_MODEL {
    instrument:
      smallest_change_in_indication_that_can_be meaningfully_discriminated

    RULE:
      resolution_component MAY contribute_to_uncertainty
  }

  HYSTERESIS_MODEL {
    difference:
      indication_depends_on_direction_or_history

    RULE:
      hysteresis_component MUST be evaluated_when_material
  }

  DRIFT_MODEL {
    change:
      metrological_characteristic_over_time

    RULE:
      drift_history SHOULD inform_interval_and_uncertainty
  }

  STABILITY_MODEL {
    characteristic:
      ability_to_maintain_metrological_properties_over_time

    RULE:
      stability_metric_and_timescale MUST be defined
  }

  UNCERTAINTY_MODEL {
    measurement_model:
      Y =
        f(X_1,...,X_n)

    components:
      reference_standard
      repeatability
      resolution
      drift
      environment
      calibration_model
      corrections
      setup
      interpolation
      item_under_calibration

    RULE:
      all_material_components MUST be considered
  }

  TYPE_A_MODEL {
    evaluation:
      statistical_analysis_of_observations

    RULE:
      Type_A != random_error
  }

  TYPE_B_MODEL {
    evaluation:
      calibration_certificates
      specifications
      resolution
      prior_data
      scientific_judgment

    RULE:
      Type_B != systematic_error
  }

  COVARIANCE_MODEL {
    sources:
      shared_reference
      shared_environment
      shared_calibration
      common_correction

    RULE:
      covariance MUST be included_when_material
  }

  SENSITIVITY_MODEL {
    c_i =
      partial_Y/partial_X_i

    contribution:
      c_i*u(X_i)
  }

  COMBINED_UNCERTAINTY_MODEL {
    u_c^2 =
      sum_i sum_j(
        c_i*c_j*cov(X_i,X_j)
      )
  }

  EXPANDED_UNCERTAINTY_MODEL {
    U =
      k*u_c

    RULE:
      coverage_factor_and_basis MUST be stated
  }

  UNCERTAINTY_BUDGET_MODEL {
    fields:
      component
      estimate
      unit
      distribution
      divisor
      standard_uncertainty
      sensitivity
      contribution
      degrees_of_freedom
      provenance

    RULE:
      budget MUST be linked_to_method_and_range
  }

  CMC_MODEL {
    calibration_and_measurement_capability:
      best_or_declared_capability_under_specific_conditions_and_scope

    RULE:
      CMC != uncertainty_of_every_calibration
  }

  CUSTOMER_ITEM_MODEL {
    fields:
      item_identifier
      manufacturer
      model
      serial
      condition
      accessories
      configuration

    RULE:
      item_identity_and_configuration MUST be preserved
  }

  RECEIPT_MODEL {
    checks:
      identity
      condition
      damage
      completeness
      customer_instruction

    RULE:
      discrepancies SHOULD be resolved_before_calibration
  }

  HANDLING_MODEL {
    item:
      transport
      storage
      conditioning
      cleaning
      protection

    RULE:
      handling_history MAY affect_result
  }

  STABILISATION_MODEL {
    item:
      requires_time_to_reach_environmental_equilibrium

    RULE:
      stabilisation_time SHOULD be method_defined
  }

  DATA_ACQUISITION_MODEL {
    possible:
      manual
      automated
      digital_interface

    RULE:
      raw_data_and_processing_steps SHOULD be preserved
  }

  SOFTWARE_MODEL {
    roles:
      acquisition
      correction
      calibration_curve
      uncertainty
      reporting

    RULE:
      software_version_and_validation MUST be controlled
  }

  SPREADSHEET_MODEL {
    calculation:
      formulas
      constants
      protected_cells
      version

    RULE:
      spreadsheet_validation SHOULD include_known_test_cases_and_change_control
  }

  NUMERICAL_MODEL {
    concerns:
      rounding
      significant_figures
      convergence
      interpolation
      regression
      covariance

    RULE:
      numerical_precision SHOULD exceed_final_reporting_precision
  }

  RAW_DATA_MODEL {
    data:
      original_observations

    RULE:
      raw_data MUST not_be overwritten_by_processed_values
  }

  CORRECTION_HISTORY_MODEL {
    transformations:
      environmental
      reference
      zero
      calibration
      software

    RULE:
      each_correction MUST be auditable
  }

  TECHNICAL_RECORD_MODEL {
    fields:
      method
      personnel
      equipment
      standards
      observations
      calculations
      environment
      uncertainty
      review
      changes

    RULE:
      records MUST support_reconstruction_of_calibration
  }

  REVIEW_MODEL {
    reviewer:
      technically_competent_authorised_person

    checks:
      calculations
      uncertainty
      traceability
      method
      anomalies
      certificate

    RULE:
      review_authorisation MUST be recorded
  }

  CERTIFICATE_IDENTIFIER_MODEL {
    certificate:
      unique_identifier

    RULE:
      all_pages_or_digital_components SHOULD remain_linked_to_same_record
  }

  CERTIFICATE_RESULT_MODEL {
    result:
      value_or_indication
      correction_or_relation
      unit
      uncertainty

    RULE:
      result_format MUST avoid_ambiguity
  }

  CERTIFICATE_UNCERTAINTY_MODEL {
    report:
      expanded_uncertainty
      coverage_factor_or_coverage_information
      uncertainty_basis

    RULE:
      uncertainty_statement MUST be linked_to_reported_result
  }

  CERTIFICATE_TRACEABILITY_MODEL {
    report:
      relevant_traceability_information

    RULE:
      wording MUST not imply_traceability_beyond_supported_chain
  }

  CONFORMITY_STATEMENT_MODEL {
    statement:
      pass
      fail
      within_tolerance
      outside_tolerance

    REQUIRE:
      specified_requirement
      decision_rule

    RULE:
      calibration_result_and_conformity_statement_are_distinct
  }

  DECISION_RULE_MODEL {
    rule:
      describes_how_measurement_uncertainty_is_accounted_for_when_stating_conformity

    RULE:
      decision_rule SHOULD be agreed_or_declared_before_application
  }

  GUARD_BAND_MODEL {
    acceptance_limit:
      adjusted_relative_to_specification_limit

    RULE:
      guard_band != correction
  }

  CALIBRATION_LABEL_MODEL {
    possible:
      item_identifier
      calibration_date
      due_date_or_status
      certificate_reference

    RULE:
      label_is_status_aid_not_complete_calibration_record
  }

  VALIDITY_OF_RESULTS_MODEL {
    monitoring:
      check_standards
      control_charts
      replicate_calibrations
      interlaboratory_comparisons
      proficiency_testing
      trend_analysis

    RULE:
      monitoring_program MUST be appropriate_to_scope_and_risk
  }

  CONTROL_CHART_MODEL {
    reference_results:
      time_ordered

    RULE:
      control_limits != calibration_tolerances
  }

  INTERLABORATORY_COMPARISON_MODEL {
    participants:
      laboratories

    purpose:
      compare_measurement_performance

    RULE:
      comparison_design_and_assigned_reference MUST be preserved
  }

  PROFICIENCY_TESTING_MODEL {
    performance:
      evaluated_against_assigned_value_or_statistical_criterion

    RULE:
      proficiency_testing_supports_competence_evidence_but_does_not_replace_traceability
  }

  MEASUREMENT_AUDIT_MODEL {
    artefact_or_standard:
      circulated_or_measured_to_assess_process

    RULE:
      audit_result SHOULD feed_validity_monitoring
  }

  NONCONFORMING_WORK_MODEL {
    triggers:
      equipment_failure
      environmental_excursion
      failed_quality_check
      calculation_error
      invalid_standard
      customer_issue

    actions:
      stop_or_control_work
      evaluate_significance
      identify_affected_results
      correct
      notify_when_required
      retain_records

    RULE:
      affected_previous_certificates MAY require_review
  }

  CORRECTION_MODEL {
    immediate:
      fix_detected_nonconformity

    RULE:
      correction != corrective_action
  }

  CORRECTIVE_ACTION_MODEL {
    process:
      determine_cause
      implement_action
      evaluate_effectiveness

    RULE:
      recurring_or_significant_nonconformity SHOULD trigger_root_cause_review
  }

  RISK_MODEL {
    possible:
      incorrect_result
      loss_of_traceability
      equipment_failure
      environmental_excursion
      transcription_error
      software_error
      impartiality_issue

    RULE:
      controls SHOULD be proportional_to_risk
  }

  QUALITY_SYSTEM_MODEL {
    components:
      document_control
      records
      competence
      equipment
      purchasing
      nonconforming_work
      corrective_action
      internal_audit
      management_review

    RULE:
      quality_system_supports_consistent_operation
  }

  DOCUMENT_CONTROL_MODEL {
    documents:
      methods
      procedures
      forms
      uncertainty_budgets
      software
      external_standards

    RULE:
      only_authorised_current_versions SHOULD be used_for_current_work
  }

  EXTERNAL_DOCUMENT_MODEL {
    possible:
      ISO
      IEC
      BIPM
      JCGM
      manufacturer
      national_metrology_institute

    RULE:
      external_document_version_and_status SHOULD be controlled
  }

  RECORD_CONTROL_MODEL {
    properties:
      identifiable
      legible
      retrievable
      protected
      retained
      auditable

    RULE:
      retention_policy MUST be defined
  }

  INTERNAL_AUDIT_MODEL {
    purpose:
      evaluate_conformity_and_effectiveness_of_system

    RULE:
      auditor_independence SHOULD be appropriate_to_activity
  }

  MANAGEMENT_REVIEW_MODEL {
    inputs:
      audits
      quality_results
      complaints
      proficiency
      resources
      risks
      improvement

    RULE:
      review_actions SHOULD be recorded
  }

  CUSTOMER_REQUIREMENT_MODEL {
    review:
      requested_calibration
      range
      uncertainty
      points
      conformity_statement
      reporting
      turnaround

    RULE:
      laboratory_must_confirm_capability_before_acceptance
  }

  CONTRACT_REVIEW_MODEL {
    inputs:
      customer_requirement
      laboratory_scope
      method
      resources

    output:
      accepted
      clarified
      declined

    RULE:
      differences MUST be resolved_before_work
  }

  SUBCONTRACT_MODEL {
    external_provider:
      performs_part_of_calibration_or_supporting_service

    RULE:
      competence_and_customer_or_contract_requirements MUST be managed
  }

  EXTERNAL_CALIBRATION_MODEL {
    laboratory_standard:
      calibrated_by_external_provider

    RULE:
      provider_scope_traceability_and_uncertainty MUST be evaluated
  }

  ACCREDITATION_MODEL {
    laboratory:
      may_be accredited_to_declared_standard_and_scope

    RULE:
      accreditation != calibration
      and_accreditation_does_not_make_all_work_accredited
  }

  ACCREDITATION_SCOPE_MODEL {
    fields:
      quantity
      instrument
      range
      method
      CMC_or_uncertainty
      location

    RULE:
      accredited_claim MUST remain_within_scope
  }

  ISO_IEC_17025_ALIGNMENT_MODEL {
    framework:
      competence_impartiality_and_consistent_operation_of_testing_and_calibration_laboratories

    RULE:
      clause_mapping MUST be version_specific
  }

  BIPM_ALIGNMENT_MODEL {
    context:
      SI
      international_metrology
      traceability
      comparisons
      CMCs

    RULE:
      BIPM_and_laboratory_roles MUST be distinguished
  }

  NMI_RELATION_MODEL {
    national_metrology_institute:
      may_provide_higher_level_calibration_or_reference

    RULE:
      NMI_calibration_not_required_for_every_traceability_chain_if_valid_alternative_chain_exists
  }

  LEGAL_METROLOGY_DISTINCTION_MODEL {
    calibration_laboratory:
      scientific_or_industrial_calibration

    legal_metrology:
      measurements_subject_to_legal_control

    RULE:
      legal_verification_and_calibration_are_distinct
  }

  TESTING_DISTINCTION_MODEL {
    testing:
      determines_characteristics_against_test_method

    calibration:
      establishes_metrological_relation

    RULE:
      testing != calibration
  }

  VERIFICATION_DISTINCTION_MODEL {
    verification:
      provision_of_objective_evidence_that_item_fulfils_specified_requirements

    RULE:
      verification != calibration
  }

  VALIDATION_DISTINCTION_MODEL {
    validation:
      verification_that_requirements_are_adequate_for_intended_use_or_method_fitness_context

    RULE:
      validation != calibration
  }

  CERTIFICATION_DISTINCTION_MODEL {
    certification:
      third_party_attestation_under_scheme

    RULE:
      calibration_certificate != product_certification
  }

  MEASUREMENT_RESULT_MODEL {
    result:
      measured_quantity_value
      uncertainty
      relevant_context

    RULE:
      calibration_result_is_measurement_result_with_calibration_specific_relation
  }

  QUALITY_FLAG_MODEL {
    possible:
      valid
      warning
      out_of_range
      environmental_excursion
      unstable
      overrange
      reference_invalid
      calibration_overdue
      data_integrity_issue
      manual_review

    RULE:
      flags MUST propagate_to_result_and_certificate_review
  }

  DATA_INTEGRITY_MODEL {
    controls:
      access
      audit_trail
      checksum
      backup
      change_history
      electronic_signature

    RULE:
      data_integrity != metrological_traceability
  }

  DIGITAL_CERTIFICATE_MODEL {
    structured:
      machine_readable_calibration_certificate

    fields:
      identifiers
      values
      units
      uncertainty
      traceability
      method
      signatures
      provenance

    RULE:
      digital_format MUST preserve_human_and_machine_interpretability
  }

  INTEROPERABILITY_MODEL {
    exchange:
      quantity_kind
      value
      unit
      uncertainty
      item
      method
      traceability
      calibration_date

    RULE:
      semantic_identifiers SHOULD accompany_display_text
  }

  METADATA_MODEL {
    fields:
      laboratory_identifier
      accreditation_status
      scope
      calibration_identifier
      certificate_identifier
      customer_identifier
      item_identifier
      method_identifier
      method_version
      reference_standards
      equipment
      personnel
      environment
      observations
      corrections
      uncertainty_budget
      traceability
      review
      quality_flags
      provenance

    RULE:
      metadata MUST support_full_reconstruction_of_calibration
  }

  RELATIONSHIPS {
    CalibrationLaboratory -> PERFORMS -> Calibration
    Calibration -> APPLIES_TO -> CalibrationItem
    Calibration -> USES -> ReferenceStandard
    Calibration -> USES -> CalibrationMethod
    ReferenceStandard -> HAS -> MetrologicalTraceability
    Calibration -> PRODUCES -> CalibrationResult
    CalibrationResult -> HAS -> MeasurementUncertainty
    CalibrationLaboratory -> ISSUES -> CalibrationCertificate
    CalibrationCertificate -> REPORTS -> CalibrationResult
    Personnel -> AUTHORISED_FOR -> CalibrationActivity
    ValidityMonitoring -> QUALIFIES -> LaboratoryPerformance
    Accreditation -> APPLIES_TO -> DeclaredScope
  }

  SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE {
    "calibration laboratory" ~= laboratory_performing_metrological_calibration
    "calibration certificate" ~= controlled_record_reporting_calibration_results
    "reference standard" ~= measurement_standard_used_as_reference_in_declared_context

    calibration != adjustment
    calibration != verification
    calibration != validation
    calibration != testing
    calibration != certification
    calibration != accreditation
    calibration_certificate != conformity_certificate
    metrological_traceability != accreditation
    CMC != uncertainty_of_every_calibration
    check_standard != reference_standard_in_all_contexts
  }

  CONSTRAINTS {
    laboratory_scope_must_be_defined = true
    calibration_item_identity_must_be_preserved = true
    calibration_method_and_version_must_be_defined = true
    reference_standard_status_must_be_valid = true
    traceability_chain_and_reference_must_be_documented = true
    environmental_conditions_must_be controlled_or_recorded_when_material = true
    measurement_uncertainty_must_be_evaluated_for_reported_calibration_results = true
    calibration_and_adjustment_must_be_distinguished = true
    as_found_and_as_left_states_should_be_distinguished_when_adjustment_occurs = true
    certificate_results_units_uncertainty_and_identity_must_be_unambiguous = true
    conformity_statement_requires_specification_and_decision_rule = true
    accreditation_claim_must_remain_within_scope = true
    provenance_must_be_preserved = true
  }

  MEASUREMENT_MODEL {
    RECORD:
      laboratory_identifier
      calibration_identifier
      certificate_identifier
      item_identifier
      item_type
      manufacturer
      model
      serial_number
      customer
      method_identifier
      method_version
      reference_standard_identifiers
      reference_values
      indications
      corrections
      calibration_curve
      units
      calibration_range
      environmental_conditions
      equipment_identifiers
      personnel_identifiers
      as_found_results
      adjustment_status
      as_left_results
      repeatability
      hysteresis
      drift_context
      uncertainty_budget
      combined_standard_uncertainty
      expanded_uncertainty
      coverage_factor
      traceability_reference
      traceability_chain
      decision_rule
      conformity_statement
      quality_flags
      review_authorisation
      calibration_date
      issue_date
      provenance

    RULE:
      calibration_result MUST remain_linked_to_item_method_reference_environment_uncertainty_traceability_and_certificate
  }

  REASONING_RULES {
    IF calibration_request_received
      THEN validate_customer_requirement_against_laboratory_scope_and_capability

    IF item_received
      THEN identify_item_condition_configuration_and_required_points

    IF reference_standard_selected
      THEN verify_calibration_status_traceability_range_and_uncertainty

    IF environment_affects_measurement
      THEN monitor_environment
      AND apply_declared_corrections_and_uncertainty_components

    IF repeated_indications_available
      THEN compute_repeatability_statistics_under_declared_conditions

    IF calibration_curve_required
      THEN fit_declared_model
      preserve_parameter_covariance
      validate_residuals_and_range

    IF adjustment_performed
      THEN preserve_as_found_results
      record_adjustment
      perform_post_adjustment_calibration
      preserve_as_left_results

    IF measurement_model_known
      THEN propagate_all_material_uncertainty_components_and_covariance

    IF conformity_statement_requested
      THEN require_specified_requirement_and_decision_rule
      before_issuing_pass_or_fail_statement

    IF reference_standard_or_equipment_invalid
      THEN stop_or_control_work
      and_evaluate_affected_results

    IF quality_monitoring_indicates_out_of_control_state
      THEN initiate_review_nonconforming_work_and_corrective_action_as_required

    IF certificate_issued
      THEN ensure_results_units_uncertainty_traceability_item_identity_and_authorisation_are_complete
  }

  VALIDATION {
    CHECK laboratory_scope
    CHECK customer_requirement
    CHECK item_identity_and_condition
    CHECK method_and_version
    CHECK method_verification_or_validation
    CHECK personnel_competence_and_authorisation
    CHECK facility_and_environment
    CHECK reference_standard_identity
    CHECK reference_standard_calibration_status
    CHECK traceability_chain
    CHECK equipment_suitability_and_status
    CHECK calibration_points_and_range
    CHECK raw_data
    CHECK corrections
    CHECK repeatability_hysteresis_and_drift
    CHECK calibration_model
    CHECK uncertainty_budget
    CHECK covariance
    CHECK expanded_uncertainty_and_coverage
    CHECK as_found_adjustment_and_as_left
    CHECK conformity_decision_rule
    CHECK validity_monitoring
    CHECK nonconforming_work
    CHECK certificate_content
    CHECK technical_review
    CHECK accreditation_scope_when_claimed
    CHECK data_integrity
    CHECK provenance
  }

  CONFIDENCE {
    calibration_definition_confidence: 1.00
    laboratory_scope_confidence: 1.00
    traceability_confidence: 1.00
    uncertainty_confidence: 1.00
    method_and_equipment_confidence: 0.99
    certificate_semantics_confidence: 1.00
    validity_monitoring_confidence: 0.99
    accreditation_distinction_confidence: 1.00

    RULE:
      confidence decreases when scope, method, reference standard,
      environmental conditions, uncertainty, traceability,
      item identity, review or provenance is missing or ambiguous
  }

  UPDATE_MODEL {
    ON new_calibration:
      create_calibration_identifier
      resolve_customer_and_item
      select_method_and_reference_standards
      verify_environment_equipment_and_personnel
      acquire_raw_data
      compute_results_and_uncertainty
      review
      issue_certificate
      preserve_provenance

    ON reference_standard_update:
      preserve_previous_calibration_state
      update_standard_value_uncertainty_traceability_and_validity
      assess_impact_on_calibrations_since_previous_valid_state

    ON method_revision:
      preserve_previous_method
      create_new_version
      verify_or_validate_change
      update_uncertainty_budget
      train_and_authorise_personnel

    ON equipment_maintenance_or_adjustment:
      preserve_pre_event_state
      record_event
      evaluate_calibration_validity
      recalibrate_or_verify_as_required

    ON quality_failure:
      identify_affected_work
      preserve_original_results
      apply_nonconforming_work_process
      update_customer_or_certificate_status_when_required

    ON semantic_revision:
      preserve_previous_definition
      record_revision
      recompute_FLOW_HASH
  }

  AI_CONSUMPTION {
    canonical_entity: CalibrationLaboratory
    canonical_process: Calibration

    interpretation_order:
      identify_laboratory_and_scope
      identify_customer_requirement
      identify_calibration_item
      identify_method_and_version
      identify_personnel_authorisation
      identify_reference_standards_and_traceability
      identify_equipment_and_environment
      identify_calibration_points_raw_data_and_corrections
      identify_as_found_adjustment_and_as_left_state
      identify_measurement_model_and_uncertainty
      identify_validity_monitoring
      identify_decision_rule_and_conformity_statement
      identify_certificate_and_review
      identify_accreditation_scope_when_relevant
      identify_provenance
      validate_calibration_semantics
      produce_traceable_calibration_record

    ambiguity_controls:
      distinguish_calibration_from_adjustment
      distinguish_calibration_from_verification
      distinguish_calibration_from_validation
      distinguish_calibration_from_testing
      distinguish_calibration_from_certification
      distinguish_calibration_from_accreditation
      distinguish_calibration_certificate_from_conformity_certificate
      distinguish_metrological_traceability_from_accreditation
      distinguish_CMC_from_individual_calibration_uncertainty
      distinguish_check_standard_from_reference_standard_when_roles_differ
      preserve_laboratory_scope_item_method_reference_environment_uncertainty_traceability_certificate_and_provenance_context
  }

  PROVENANCE {
    ontology_scope:
      mathematical_measurement_units_international_standards_and_calibration_laboratory_semantics

    parent_path:
      Ontologies
      -> Mathematical Ontologies
      -> Measurement & Units Ontologies
      -> International Standards
      -> Calibration Laboratory Ontology

    authorship:
      Mark Higgins
      Sky (Recursive AI)

    site:
      https://kirethresearch.org
  }

  FLOW_HASH {
    INPUTS:
      canonical_entity
      ontology_path
      laboratory_scope_model
      competence_model
      impartiality_model
      confidentiality_model
      personnel_model
      training_model
      authorisation_model
      facility_model
      environment_model
      temperature_model
      humidity_model
      pressure_model
      vibration_model
      electromagnetic_environment_model
      environmental_record_model
      method_model
      standard_method_model
      lab_developed_method_model
      method_verification_model
      method_validation_model
      method_change_model
      reference_standard_model
      working_standard_model
      check_standard_model
      reference_material_model
      traceability_model
      traceability_chain_model
      SI_traceability_model
      non_SI_traceability_model
      calibration_status_model
      calibration_interval_model
      intermediate_check_model
      equipment_model
      equipment_suitability_model
      equipment_handling_model
      maintenance_model
      adjustment_model
      repair_model
      as_found_model
      as_left_model
      calibration_point_model
      calibration_curve_model
      linear_calibration_model
      nonlinear_calibration_model
      correction_model
      calibration_factor_model
      range_model
      calibration_point_selection_model
      up_down_cycle_model
      repeat_measurement_model
      zero_model
      resolution_model
      hysteresis_model
      drift_model
      stability_model
      uncertainty_model
      Type_A_model
      Type_B_model
      covariance_model
      sensitivity_model
      combined_uncertainty_model
      expanded_uncertainty_model
      uncertainty_budget_model
      CMC_model
      customer_item_model
      receipt_model
      handling_model
      stabilisation_model
      data_acquisition_model
      software_model
      spreadsheet_model
      numerical_model
      raw_data_model
      correction_history_model
      technical_record_model
      review_model
      certificate_identifier_model
      certificate_result_model
      certificate_uncertainty_model
      certificate_traceability_model
      conformity_statement_model
      decision_rule_model
      guard_band_model
      calibration_label_model
      validity_of_results_model
      control_chart_model
      interlaboratory_comparison_model
      proficiency_testing_model
      measurement_audit_model
      nonconforming_work_model
      correction_model
      corrective_action_model
      risk_model
      quality_system_model
      document_control_model
      external_document_model
      record_control_model
      internal_audit_model
      management_review_model
      customer_requirement_model
      contract_review_model
      subcontract_model
      external_calibration_model
      accreditation_model
      accreditation_scope_model
      ISO_IEC_17025_alignment_model
      BIPM_alignment_model
      NMI_relation_model
      legal_metrology_distinction_model
      testing_distinction_model
      verification_distinction_model
      validation_distinction_model
      certification_distinction_model
      measurement_result_model
      quality_flag_model
      data_integrity_model
      digital_certificate_model
      interoperability_model
      metadata_model
      relationships
      semantic_equivalence
      constraints
      measurement_model
      reasoning_rules
      confidence_model
      update_model

    PURPOSE:
      deterministic_semantic_integrity_identifier

    RECOMPUTE_WHEN:
      ontology_definition_changes
      laboratory_scope_or_competence_changes
      method_verification_validation_or_version_changes
      reference_standard_or_traceability_changes
      equipment_environment_or_calibration_status_changes
      calibration_model_correction_or_range_changes
      uncertainty_budget_or_covariance_changes
      certificate_reporting_or_decision_rule_changes
      validity_monitoring_or_quality_system_changes
      accreditation_scope_or_external_standard_alignment_changes
      software_data_integrity_or_digital_certificate_changes
      measurement_record_changes
      constraint_model_changes
      reasoning_rule_changes
  }

}

END FLOW