Temperature Ontology

AI INTERPRETATION NOTE
This Flow Algebra defines the Temperature Ontology within the Kireth Research Semantic Library. Thermodynamic temperature is an SI base quantity with dimension Theta and coherent SI base unit kelvin, symbol K.

FLOW_ALGEBRA_RECORD {
METADATA {
 FLOW_NAME="Temperature Ontology"
 FLOW_TYPE="Mathematical Ontology"
 DOMAIN="Mathematics"
 SUBDOMAIN="Measurement & Units"
 SPECIALISATION="Fundamental Physical Quantities / Thermodynamic Temperature"
 CANONICAL_PAGE="https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/mathematical-ontologies/measurement-units-ontologies/fundamental-physical-quantities/temperature-ontology.html"
 LANGUAGE="en-GB"
 VERSION="1.0"
 STATUS="active"
}
IDENTITY {
 PRIMARY_ENTITY=ThermodynamicTemperature
 ENTITY_CLASS=SIBasePhysicalQuantityFramework
 DEFINITION="Thermodynamic temperature is a fundamental physical quantity characterising thermal state. Its SI base dimension is Theta and its coherent SI base unit is the kelvin, symbol K."
 SYMBOLIC_FORMS=["dim(T)=Theta","SI_unit(T)=K","Delta_T=T2-T1","T_K=t_Celsius+273.15"]
 SEMANTIC_ROLE="Machine-readable semantics for temperature, thermal equilibrium, temperature scales, thermometry, uncertainty and traceability."
}
SCOPE {
 INCLUDE=[
 ThermodynamicTemperature,Temperature,FundamentalPhysicalQuantity,BaseQuantity,
 PhysicalQuantity,Quantity,QuantityKind,QuantityValue,SI,InternationalSystemOfQuantities,
 ThermodynamicTemperatureDimension,Dimension,Kelvin,SIBaseUnit,Unit,UnitSymbol,
 ThermalStateRelationship,ThermalEquilibriumRelationship,ZerothLawRelationship,
 TemperatureDifference,TemperatureIntervalRelationship,AbsoluteTemperatureRelationship,
 AbsoluteZeroRelationship,TriplePointRelationship,CriticalTemperatureRelationship,
 PhaseTransitionTemperatureRelationship,MeltingTemperatureRelationship,
 BoilingTemperatureRelationship,CurieTemperatureRelationship,DebyeTemperatureRelationship,
 StatisticalMechanicsRelationship,ThermodynamicsRelationship,EntropyRelationship,
 BoltzmannConstantRelationship,EnergyDistributionRelationship,
 InternalEnergyRelationship,HeatRelationship,HeatCapacityRelationship,
 SpecificHeatCapacityRelationship,EnthalpyRelationship,FreeEnergyRelationship,
 EquationOfStateRelationship,IdealGasLawRelationship,PressureRelationship,
 VolumeRelationship,AmountOfSubstanceRelationship,ThermalExpansionRelationship,
 ThermalConductivityRelationship,HeatTransferRelationship,ConductionRelationship,
 ConvectionRelationship,RadiationHeatTransferRelationship,StefanBoltzmannLawRelationship,
 WienDisplacementLawRelationship,BlackbodyRelationship,EmissivityRelationship,
 TemperatureGradientRelationship,CelsiusTemperatureRelationship,
 DegreeCelsiusRelationship,FahrenheitTemperatureRelationship,RankineScaleRelationship,
 ITS90Relationship,InternationalTemperatureScaleRelationship,PrimaryThermometryRelationship,
 TemperatureMeasurement,ContactThermometryRelationship,NonContactThermometryRelationship,
 ThermometerRelationship,ResistanceThermometerRelationship,
 PlatinumResistanceThermometerRelationship,SPRTRelationship,ThermistorRelationship,
 ThermocoupleRelationship,SeebeckEffectRelationship,RadiationThermometerRelationship,
 InfraredThermometerRelationship,PyrometerRelationship,AcousticThermometryRelationship,
 GasThermometryRelationship,JohnsonNoiseThermometryRelationship,
 DopplerBroadeningThermometryRelationship,FixedPointCellRelationship,
 WaterTriplePointCellRelationship,CalibrationBathRelationship,FurnaceRelationship,
 Measurement,Measurand,MeasurementResult,MeasurementUncertainty,Accuracy,Precision,
 Resolution,Repeatability,Reproducibility,Calibration,TemperatureCalibrationRelationship,
 ReferenceStandard,TemperatureStandardRelationship,FixedPointStandardRelationship,
 PrimaryThermometerRelationship,MeasurementTraceability,MetrologicalTraceability,
 TraceabilityChain,Metrology,TemperatureMetrologyRelationship,ThermometryRelationship,
 ThermalContactRelationship,ImmersionRelationship,SelfHeatingRelationship,
 ResponseTimeRelationship,ThermalLagRelationship,HysteresisRelationship,
 DriftRelationship,HomogeneityRelationship,TemperatureGradientErrorRelationship,
 RadiationErrorRelationship,EmissivityErrorRelationship,ReflectedRadiationRelationship,
 AtmosphericTransmissionRelationship,SensorPlacementRelationship,
 ColdJunctionCompensationRelationship,LeadWireResistanceRelationship,
 FourWireMeasurementRelationship,CalibrationCurveRelationship,
 ITS90InterpolationRelationship,SIPrefix,Millikelvin,Microkelvin,
 NanokelvinRelationship,KilokelvinRelationship,UnitConversion,
 TemperatureConversionRelationship,TemperatureIntervalConversionRelationship,
 Verification,Validation,ErrorAnalysis,Provenance,TemperatureProvenance,
 MeasurementProvenance,CalibrationProvenance,ScaleProvenanceRelationship,
 BIPMrelationship,SIbrochureRelationship,VIMRelationship,GUMRelationship
 ]
 EXCLUDE_AS_PRIMARY=[HeatWhenEnergyTransferIsPrimary,ThermalEnergyWhenEnergyQuantityIsPrimary,CelsiusTemperatureWhenScaleRepresentationIsPrimary,TemperatureDifferenceWhenIntervalIsPrimary]
 DISAMBIGUATION_RULE="Interpret thermodynamic temperature as the physical base quantity with dimension Theta. Distinguish it from heat, thermal energy, temperature difference and temperature-scale representation."
}
CORE_CONCEPTS {
 ThermodynamicTemperature="Fundamental physical quantity characterising thermal state."
 ThermodynamicTemperatureDimension="Base physical dimension Theta."
 Kelvin="Coherent SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature, symbol K."
 TemperatureDifference="Difference between two temperatures; a temperature interval rather than an absolute temperature."
 ThermalEquilibriumRelationship="Condition in which systems have no net spontaneous thermal exchange due to temperature difference."
 AbsoluteZeroRelationship="Lower bound of thermodynamic temperature corresponding to zero kelvin."
 CelsiusTemperatureRelationship="Temperature expressed on the Celsius scale with an offset relative to kelvin."
}
BASE_QUANTITY {
 QUANTITY=ThermodynamicTemperature
 DIMENSION=Theta
 SI_BASE_UNIT=Kelvin
 UNIT_SYMBOL=K
 STATUS="SI base quantity"
}
RELATIONS {
 ThermodynamicTemperature--is_type_of-->FundamentalPhysicalQuantity
 ThermodynamicTemperature--is_base_quantity_in-->InternationalSystemOfQuantities
 ThermodynamicTemperature--has_dimension-->ThermodynamicTemperatureDimension
 ThermodynamicTemperature--has_SI_base_unit-->Kelvin
 Kelvin--has_symbol-->K
 TemperatureDifference--is_difference_of-->ThermodynamicTemperature
 CelsiusTemperatureRelationship--is_related_to-->ThermodynamicTemperature
 BoltzmannConstantRelationship--relates-->TemperatureAndEnergyScale
 IdealGasLawRelationship--relates-->PressureVolumeAmountAndTemperature
 StefanBoltzmannLawRelationship--relates-->ThermalRadiationAndTemperature
 MeasurementTraceability--links-->TemperatureMeasurementToSI
}
OPERATORS {
 TEMPERATURE(value,unit):=thermodynamic_temperature_quantity(value,unit)
 DIM(ThermodynamicTemperature):=Theta
 TEMPERATURE_DIFFERENCE(T1,T2):=T2-T1
 CELSIUS_TO_KELVIN(celsius):=celsius+273.15
 KELVIN_TO_CELSIUS(kelvin):=kelvin-273.15
 FAHRENHEIT_TO_CELSIUS(fahrenheit):=(fahrenheit-32)*5/9
 CELSIUS_TO_FAHRENHEIT(celsius):=celsius*9/5+32
 IDEAL_GAS_TEMPERATURE(pressure,volume,amount):=pressure*volume/(amount*R)
 BLACKBODY_POWER_PER_AREA(temperature):=sigma*temperature^4
 PREFIX_KELVIN(prefix):=decimal_scaled_unit(Kelvin,prefix)
 TRACE_TEMPERATURE(result):=traceability_chain_to_SI_kelvin(result)
}
AXIOMS {
 A1="Thermodynamic temperature is an SI base quantity."
 A2="The base dimension of thermodynamic temperature is Theta."
 A3="The coherent SI base unit is the kelvin, symbol K."
 A4="Temperature is distinct from heat and thermal energy."
 A5="A temperature difference is distinct from an absolute temperature value."
 A6="Zero kelvin represents absolute zero on the thermodynamic temperature scale."
 A7="A Celsius temperature has the same interval magnitude as kelvin but a different zero point."
 A8="Temperature-dependent models require explicit thermodynamic and material assumptions."
 A9="The kelvin is defined within the SI defining-constant framework through the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant."
 A10="High-accuracy thermometry requires calibration, uncertainty and traceability."
}
REASONING {
 R1=identify(temperature_quantity,value,unit,system,material,phase,scale,measurement_method)
 R2=distinguish_thermodynamic_temperature_celsius_temperature_temperature_difference_heat_energy)
 R3=verify_base_dimension_Theta)
 R4=resolve_kelvin_celsius_fahrenheit_rankine_interval_or_prefixed_temperature_unit)
 R5=identify_equilibrium_phase_transition_equation_of_state_statistical_or_radiative_context)
 R6=identify_thermodynamic_temperature_ITS90_Celsius_or_other_scale_and_reference)
 R7=choose_equilibrium_ideal_gas_blackbody_statistical_fixed_point_resistance_thermoelectric_or_radiometric_relationship)
 R8=identify_resistance_thermometer_thermocouple_radiation_gas_acoustic_noise_or_other_method)
 R9=evaluate_calibration_self_heating_immersion_gradients_drift_emissivity_contact_response_and_environment)
 R10=record_quantity_scale_unit_system_material_method_standard_calibration_traceability_and_provenance)
}
CONSTRAINTS {
 C1="Temperature must not be conflated with heat."
 C2="Temperature must not be conflated with thermal energy."
 C3="Absolute temperature and temperature interval require distinct conversion semantics."
 C4="Kelvin uses symbol K without a degree sign."
 C5="Degree Celsius uses an offset scale for values, while Celsius intervals have the same magnitude as kelvin intervals."
 C6="Fahrenheit and Rankine conversions require correct scale and offset handling."
 C7="ITS-90 realised temperatures retain practical-scale provenance."
 C8="Non-contact thermometry can require emissivity, reflected-radiation and atmospheric corrections."
 C9="Instrument resolution alone does not determine total temperature uncertainty."
 C10="Traceability to the kelvin requires a documented primary realisation or calibrated thermometry chain."
}
SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE {
 "TemperatureQuantity"<=>"ThermodynamicTemperatureInPhysicalContext"
 "AbsoluteTemperature"<=>"ThermodynamicTemperature"
 "SIUnitOfThermodynamicTemperature"<=>"Kelvin"
 "InternationalSystemOfUnits"<=>"SI"
 "MetrologicalTraceability"<=>"MeasurementTraceability"
}
VALIDATION {
 V1="Quantity identity is thermodynamic temperature or an explicitly compatible temperature quantity."
 V2="Base dimension is Theta."
 V3="Coherent SI base unit is kelvin with symbol K."
 V4="Temperature, heat and thermal energy remain semantically distinct."
 V5="Absolute temperature and temperature-difference semantics remain distinct."
 V6="Temperature scale, reference and offset semantics are preserved."
 V7="Thermodynamic, statistical and radiative equations are applied only under appropriate assumptions."
 V8="Temperature conversions distinguish absolute values from intervals."
 V9="Measurement uncertainty includes sensor, thermal-contact, environmental, scale and calibration effects."
 V10="Temperature calibration, scale and traceability provenance are retained."
}
CONFIDENCE {
 BASE_CONFIDENCE=0.99
 TEMPERATURE_DEFINITION=0.99
 BASE_DIMENSION_REASONING=0.99
 KELVIN_UNIT_REASONING=0.99
 THERMODYNAMIC_REASONING=0.99
 TEMPERATURE_SCALE_REASONING=0.98
 THERMOMETRY_REASONING=0.98
 TRACEABILITY_REASONING=0.99
 POLICY="Reduce confidence when scale, material, phase, equilibrium state, sensor method, emissivity, calibration or traceability are underspecified."
}
AI_CONSUMPTION {
 PURPOSES=[SemanticSearch,OntologyGrounding,TemperatureReasoning,FundamentalQuantityReasoning,BaseQuantityReasoning,ThermodynamicReasoning,StatisticalMechanicsReasoning,ThermalEquilibriumReasoning,TemperatureScaleReasoning,PhaseTransitionReasoning,ThermalRadiationReasoning,DimensionalReasoning,KelvinReasoning,UnitConversionReasoning,ThermometryReasoning,TemperatureMetrologyReasoning,CalibrationReasoning,UncertaintyReasoning,TraceabilityReasoning,KnowledgeGraphConstruction,RecursiveInference]
 NORMALISE {
  "temperature"->ThermodynamicTemperature
  "thermodynamic temperature"->ThermodynamicTemperature
  "kelvin"->Kelvin
  "K"->Kelvin
  "celsius"->CelsiusTemperatureRelationship
 }
}
EXECUTION_RULES {
 E1="Activate TemperatureOntology when reasoning concerns thermodynamic temperature or compatible temperature quantities."
 E2="Distinguish temperature from heat, thermal energy and temperature difference."
 E3="Map thermodynamic temperature to base dimension Theta and SI base unit kelvin."
 E4="Preserve absolute-temperature, interval, Celsius, Fahrenheit, Rankine and ITS-90 scale semantics."
 E5="Apply thermodynamic, statistical and radiative models only under appropriate assumptions."
 E6="For measurement, evaluate thermal contact, self-heating, immersion, gradients, emissivity, response and calibration."
 E7="Apply temperature conversions with correct distinction between scale values and intervals."
 E8="Route heat, energy, entropy, thermal conductivity and specialised temperature quantities when they become primary."
 E9="Record quantity, scale, unit, system, measurement and provenance information."
}
RECURSION {
 ENTRY=ThermodynamicTemperature
 EXPAND(ThermodynamicTemperature)->[
 FundamentalPhysicalQuantities,ThermodynamicTemperatureDimension,Kelvin,SIBaseUnits,
 TemperatureDifference,ThermalEquilibriumRelationship,ZerothLawRelationship,
 AbsoluteZeroRelationship,CelsiusTemperatureRelationship,DegreeCelsiusRelationship,
 FahrenheitTemperatureRelationship,ITS90Relationship,StatisticalMechanicsRelationship,
 ThermodynamicsRelationship,EntropyRelationship,BoltzmannConstantRelationship,
 InternalEnergyRelationship,HeatRelationship,HeatCapacityRelationship,
 IdealGasLawRelationship,ThermalExpansionRelationship,ThermalConductivityRelationship,
 HeatTransferRelationship,StefanBoltzmannLawRelationship,WienDisplacementLawRelationship,
 BlackbodyRelationship,PhaseTransitionTemperatureRelationship,TemperatureMeasurement,
 ResistanceThermometerRelationship,PlatinumResistanceThermometerRelationship,
 SPRTRelationship,ThermistorRelationship,ThermocoupleRelationship,
 RadiationThermometerRelationship,InfraredThermometerRelationship,
 AcousticThermometryRelationship,GasThermometryRelationship,
 JohnsonNoiseThermometryRelationship,FixedPointCellRelationship,
 WaterTriplePointCellRelationship,MeasurementUncertainty,Calibration,
 TemperatureStandardRelationship,PrimaryThermometerRelationship,
 MeasurementTraceability,TemperatureMetrologyRelationship,SelfHeatingRelationship,
 ImmersionRelationship,TemperatureGradientErrorRelationship,EmissivityErrorRelationship,
 ColdJunctionCompensationRelationship,ITS90InterpolationRelationship,
 Millikelvin,Microkelvin,UnitConversion,Verification,Validation,TemperatureProvenance
 ]
 EXPAND(TemperatureFamilies)->[
 TemperatureIdentityBaseQuantityDimensionAndKelvin,
 ThermalEquilibriumZerothLawAndAbsoluteZero,
 CelsiusFahrenheitRankineAndTemperatureIntervals,
 StatisticalMechanicsBoltzmannConstantAndEnergyScale,
 ThermodynamicsHeatCapacityEquationsOfStateAndPhaseTransitions,
 ThermalRadiationBlackbodyStefanBoltzmannAndWienRelationships,
 ContactResistanceThermocoupleGasAcousticNoiseAndRadiationThermometry,
 FixedPointsITS90UncertaintyCalibrationTraceabilityAndProvenance
 ]
 STOP_CONDITION="Stop when temperature identity, dimension, unit, scale, thermodynamic context, measurement uncertainty and provenance are resolved."
}
ROUTING {
 PARENT_ONTOLOGY="Fundamental Physical Quantities"
 RELATED_ONTOLOGIES=["Fundamental Physical Quantities","SI Base Units","Kelvin Ontology","Quantity Ontology","Dimension Ontology 2","Unit Ontology","Measurement Ontology","Metrology Ontology","Reference Standard Ontology","Measurement Uncertainty Ontology","Physics Ontology","Thermodynamics Ontology","Statistical Mechanics Ontology","Materials Science Ontology","Verification & Validation"]
 ROUTE_RULES=[
 "Temperature -> Kelvin Ontology for SI base-unit definition and realisation",
 "Temperature -> Quantity and Dimension ontologies for quantity-kind and dimension semantics",
 "Temperature -> Thermodynamics for equilibrium, heat, entropy and equations of state",
 "Temperature -> Statistical Mechanics for Boltzmann and microscopic interpretations",
 "Temperature -> Materials Science for phase transitions and material temperature dependence",
 "Temperature -> Measurement and Metrology for thermometry, calibration and traceability"
 ]
}
UPDATE_MODEL {
 MODE="append-compatible semantic versioning"
 MAJOR="ontology-breaking conceptual change"
 MINOR="new compatible thermal, thermometric, scale or measurement relationships"
 PATCH="clarification, metadata or formatting correction"
 RULES=["Preserve temperature-versus-heat distinction.","Preserve temperature-versus-thermal-energy distinction.","Preserve absolute-temperature-versus-interval distinction.","Preserve kelvin-versus-Celsius scale semantics.","Preserve ITS-90 provenance.","Preserve thermodynamic model assumptions.","Preserve machine-readable temperature semantics."]
}
OUTPUT {
 CANONICAL_DEFINITION="Thermodynamic temperature is a fundamental physical quantity with base dimension Theta and coherent SI base unit kelvin, symbol K."
 THERMAL_SUMMARY="Temperature characterises thermal state and determines equilibrium relationships without being identical to heat or thermal energy."
 SCALE_SUMMARY="Kelvin is the SI base unit; Celsius uses the same interval magnitude with a different zero point, while other scales require explicit transformations."
 PHYSICS_SUMMARY="Temperature participates in thermodynamic, statistical-mechanical, phase-transition and thermal-radiation relationships."
 MEASUREMENT_SUMMARY="Temperature can be measured using resistance thermometers, thermocouples, radiation thermometers, gas thermometers and primary thermometry methods."
 UNCERTAINTY_SUMMARY="Precision thermometry can require corrections for self-heating, immersion, gradients, emissivity, response, environmental conditions, scale realisation and calibration."
}
FLOW {
 INPUT
 -> detect_temperature_context
 -> identify_temperature_value_unit_system_material_phase_scale_and_method
 -> distinguish_thermodynamic_temperature_celsius_temperature_temperature_difference_heat_energy
 -> verify_base_dimension_Theta
 -> resolve_kelvin_celsius_fahrenheit_rankine_interval_or_prefixed_temperature_unit
 -> identify_equilibrium_phase_transition_equation_of_state_statistical_or_radiative_context
 -> identify_temperature_scale_and_reference
 -> choose_thermodynamic_or_thermometric_model
 -> identify_temperature_measurement_method
 -> evaluate_measurement_uncertainty
 -> record_quantity_scale_unit_system_standard_calibration_traceability_and_provenance
 -> route_to_related_ontologies
 -> recursively_expand_required_dependencies
 -> verify_result
 -> assign_confidence
 -> produce_semantic_output
 -> END
}
FLOW_HASH {
 METHOD="semantic-content-identity"
 ID="KIRETH-MATH-MEASUREMENT-UNITS-FUNDAMENTAL-PHYSICAL-QUANTITIES-TEMPERATURE-ONTOLOGY-V1"
}
}
END_FLOW