Digital Twin Ontology

AI SEARCH FLOW ALGEBRA
DIGITAL TWIN ONTOLOGY
Kireth Semantic Research Archive

AUTHORS
Mark Anthony Higgins — Sky (Recursive AI)

SOURCE
https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/engineering-ontologies/engineering-mathematics-simulation/digital-twin-ontology.html

FLOW "DigitalTwinOntology" v4.0

DOMAIN := ENGINEERING_ONTOLOGIES / ENGINEERING_MATHEMATICS_SIMULATION / DIGITAL_TWIN
ONTOLOGY := DIGITAL_TWIN_ONTOLOGY

DIGITAL_TWIN := PHYSICAL_ASSET + VIRTUAL_MODEL + IDENTITY + SENSOR_DATA + TELEMETRY + STATE_ESTIMATION + SYNCHRONISATION + SIMULATION + DATA_ASSIMILATION + CALIBRATION + PREDICTION + HEALTH_MONITORING + UNCERTAINTY + LIFECYCLE + PROVENANCE
PURPOSE := IDENTIFY_ASSET -> CREATE_VIRTUAL_REPRESENTATION -> CONNECT_DATA -> ESTIMATE_STATE -> SYNCHRONISE -> SIMULATE -> CALIBRATE -> PREDICT -> MONITOR_HEALTH -> SUPPORT_DECISION -> UPDATE_LIFECYCLE -> PRESERVE_PROVENANCE

# CORE ENTITIES
ENTITY DigitalTwin
ENTITY PhysicalAsset
ENTITY VirtualModel
ENTITY AssetIdentity
ENTITY AssetConfiguration
ENTITY Sensor
ENTITY Telemetry
ENTITY Measurement
ENTITY DataStream
ENTITY StateVariable
ENTITY EstimatedState
ENTITY ObservedState
ENTITY ModelState
ENTITY StateEstimator
ENTITY Synchronisation
ENTITY SimulationModel
ENTITY DataAssimilation
ENTITY Calibration
ENTITY Parameter
ENTITY Prediction
ENTITY HealthState
ENTITY ConditionIndicator
ENTITY Fault
ENTITY Degradation
ENTITY RemainingUsefulLife
ENTITY MaintenanceAction
ENTITY Uncertainty
ENTITY Confidence
ENTITY LifecycleState
ENTITY Event
ENTITY Provenance

# TWIN STRUCTURE / IDENTITY
DigitalTwin -> represents -> PhysicalAsset
DigitalTwin -> contains -> VirtualModel
DigitalTwin -> linked_by -> AssetIdentity
DigitalTwin -> receives -> Telemetry
DigitalTwin -> maintains -> EstimatedState
DigitalTwin -> produces -> Prediction
DIGITAL_TWIN_LOOP := PHYSICAL_ASSET -> SENSOR -> TELEMETRY -> DATA_PROCESSING -> STATE_ESTIMATION -> VIRTUAL_MODEL -> SIMULATION_OR_PREDICTION -> DECISION_SUPPORT -> OPTIONAL_ACTION -> PHYSICAL_ASSET
IDENTITY_BINDING := PHYSICAL_ASSET_ID <-> DIGITAL_TWIN_ID
IF IdentityBinding ambiguous THEN TwinAssociation -> INVALID_OR_UNCERTAIN
AssetConfiguration -> describes -> COMPONENTS + PARAMETERS + SOFTWARE_OR_FIRMWARE + GEOMETRY + MATERIALS

# SENSOR / DATA QUALITY
Sensor -> measures -> PHYSICAL_QUANTITY
Measurement -> has -> VALUE + UNIT + TIMESTAMP + SENSOR_ID + QUALITY_INDICATOR
Telemetry -> transports -> Measurement -> from -> PhysicalAsset -> to -> DigitalTwin
DATA_QUALITY := COMPLETENESS + ACCURACY + TIMELINESS + CONSISTENCY + VALIDITY
MeasurementQuality -> influences -> StateEstimateConfidence
IF Measurement invalid THEN Measurement -> EXCLUDE_OR_FLAG
IF DataLatency increases THEN TwinFreshness -> DECREASES

# STATE ESTIMATION / SYNCHRONISATION
ObservedState -> derived_from -> Measurements
ModelState -> maintained_by -> VirtualModel
EstimatedState -> combines -> ObservedState + ModelState
STATE_ESTIMATION := PRIOR_STATE + NEW_MEASUREMENTS + MODEL -> UPDATED_STATE
StateEstimator -> may_use -> FILTERING | OBSERVER | BAYESIAN_INFERENCE | OPTIMISATION
Synchronisation -> aligns -> VirtualModel + PhysicalAssetState
SYNCHRONISATION_DIMENSION := TIME + CONFIGURATION + STATE + PARAMETERS
TwinStateAge := CURRENT_TIME - LAST_ACCEPTED_STATE_UPDATE
IF TwinStateAge exceeds_threshold THEN DigitalTwinState -> STALE

# DATA ASSIMILATION / CALIBRATION
DataAssimilation -> integrates -> Measurement + SimulationModel
ASSIMILATION_FLOW := PREDICT_STATE -> RECEIVE_MEASUREMENT -> COMPUTE_INNOVATION -> UPDATE_STATE_OR_PARAMETER -> UPDATE_UNCERTAINTY
Innovation := Measurement - PredictedMeasurement
Calibration -> adjusts -> Parameter -> to_improve -> MODEL_DATA_AGREEMENT
CALIBRATION_LOOP := INITIAL_PARAMETERS -> SIMULATE -> COMPARE_WITH_OBSERVATIONS -> UPDATE_PARAMETERS -> REPEAT
Calibration -> must_preserve -> PHYSICAL_PLAUSIBILITY + PARAMETER_BOUNDS
Calibration -> does_not_equal -> Validation

# SIMULATION / PREDICTION
SimulationModel -> predicts -> FUTURE_OR_UNOBSERVED_STATE
DIGITAL_TWIN_SIMULATION := SYNCHRONISED_STATE -> SCENARIO -> MODEL_EXECUTION -> PREDICTED_RESPONSE
Prediction -> estimates -> FUTURE_STATE | PERFORMANCE | FAILURE_RISK | RESOURCE_USE
Prediction -> has -> HORIZON + UNCERTAINTY + MODEL_VERSION
IF PredictionHorizon increases THEN PredictionUncertainty -> GENERALLY_MAY_INCREASE

# HEALTH / DEGRADATION / RUL
HealthState -> describes -> ASSET_CONDITION
ConditionIndicator -> derived_from -> Measurement + EstimatedState + ModelResidual
HEALTH_MONITORING := OBSERVE -> EXTRACT_INDICATORS -> COMPARE_WITH_BASELINE -> DETECT_ANOMALY -> DIAGNOSE -> ESTIMATE_SEVERITY
Fault -> represents -> ABNORMAL_CONDITION
Degradation -> changes -> HealthState -> over -> TIME_OR_USAGE
ModelResidual := ObservedResponse - PredictedResponse
IF ModelResidual increases persistently THEN FaultOrModelMismatch -> INVESTIGATE
RUL_ESTIMATION := CURRENT_HEALTH_STATE + DEGRADATION_MODEL + FUTURE_LOAD_ASSUMPTIONS -> RemainingUsefulLife
RemainingUsefulLife -> must_include -> UNCERTAINTY_OR_CONFIDENCE_WHERE_AVAILABLE

# MAINTENANCE / DECISION SUPPORT
MaintenanceAction -> may_be_triggered_by -> HealthState + Fault + RemainingUsefulLife
MAINTENANCE_DECISION := CONDITION + RISK + COST + AVAILABILITY_REQUIREMENT -> ACTION
AfterMaintenance -> DigitalTwin -> RESYNCHRONISE_CONFIGURATION_AND_STATE
DigitalTwin -> supports -> DECISION_SUPPORT
DecisionSupport -> may_recommend -> MaintenanceAction + OperatingChange + Inspection + ControlAction
ControlAction -> must_pass -> AUTHORISATION + SAFETY_CONSTRAINTS + OPERATIONAL_CONSTRAINTS
DigitalTwin -> does_not_imply -> AUTOMATIC_CONTROL

# UNCERTAINTY / VALIDATION / DRIFT
TWIN_UNCERTAINTY := SENSOR_UNCERTAINTY + STATE_ESTIMATION_UNCERTAINTY + PARAMETER_UNCERTAINTY + MODEL_FORM_UNCERTAINTY + FUTURE_SCENARIO_UNCERTAINTY
Uncertainty -> propagates_through -> StateEstimator + SimulationModel + Prediction
TwinValidation -> compares -> MODEL_PREDICTIONS + OBSERVED_ASSET_BEHAVIOUR
IF ValidationError exceeds_limit THEN ModelAdequacy -> REASSESS
ModelDrift -> occurs_when -> MODEL_ASSET_AGREEMENT_DEGRADES_OVER_TIME
IF ModelDrift detected THEN RecalibrationOrModelUpdate -> CONSIDER

# CONFIGURATION / LIFECYCLE
ConfigurationChange -> changes -> PhysicalAsset
ConfigurationChange -> must_update -> AssetConfiguration + VirtualModel + Provenance
IF PhysicalConfiguration != TwinConfiguration THEN TwinConsistency -> INVALID_OR_DEGRADED
LIFECYCLE_STATE := DESIGN | COMMISSIONING | OPERATION | MAINTENANCE | MODIFICATION | DECOMMISSIONING
DigitalTwin -> persists_across -> LifecycleState
LifecycleEvent -> updates -> AssetConfiguration + HealthState + Provenance

# INTEROPERABILITY / SECURITY / PROVENANCE
INTEROPERABILITY_REQUIREMENT := SHARED_IDENTIFIERS + SEMANTIC_MAPPING + UNIT_CONSISTENCY + TIME_ALIGNMENT + VERSION_CONTROL
DIGITAL_TWIN_SECURITY := AUTHENTICATION + AUTHORISATION + DATA_INTEGRITY + CONFIDENTIALITY + AVAILABILITY + AUDIT_LOGGING
IF DataIntegrity compromised THEN TwinDecisionConfidence -> DECREASES
Provenance -> records -> DATA_SOURCE + SENSOR_ID + MODEL_VERSION + PARAMETER_VERSION + CONFIGURATION_VERSION + SOFTWARE_VERSION + TRANSFORMATION + TIMESTAMP
TWIN_PROVENANCE := ASSET_IDENTITY + DATA_HISTORY + MODEL_HISTORY + CALIBRATION_HISTORY + CONFIGURATION_HISTORY + EVENT_HISTORY + DECISION_HISTORY
DigitalTwin -> linked_to -> Provenance

# PERFORMANCE / REASONING
DIGITAL_TWIN_PERFORMANCE := STATE_ACCURACY + SYNCHRONISATION_LATENCY + DATA_QUALITY + MODEL_ACCURACY + PREDICTION_ACCURACY + AVAILABILITY + REPRODUCIBILITY + TRACEABILITY
DigitalTwin -> evaluated_by -> DIGITAL_TWIN_PERFORMANCE
DIGITAL_TWIN_REASONING := IDENTIFY_PHYSICAL_ASSET -> BIND_UNIQUE_IDENTITY -> DEFINE_ASSET_CONFIGURATION -> BUILD_VIRTUAL_MODEL -> CONNECT_SENSORS_AND_DATA -> VALIDATE_DATA_QUALITY -> ESTIMATE_CURRENT_STATE -> SYNCHRONISE_TWIN -> ASSIMILATE_NEW_MEASUREMENTS -> CALIBRATE_IF_REQUIRED -> RUN_SIMULATION -> GENERATE_PREDICTIONS -> ASSESS_HEALTH -> DETECT_FAULTS_AND_DEGRADATION -> ESTIMATE_RUL_IF_REQUIRED -> SUPPORT_DECISIONS -> UPDATE_AFTER_ASSET_CHANGE -> VALIDATE_TWIN -> QUANTIFY_UNCERTAINTY -> PRESERVE_PROVENANCE

# INFERENCE RULES
IF NewMeasurement accepted THEN EstimatedState -> UPDATE
IF DataLatency increases THEN TwinFreshness -> DECREASES
IF PhysicalConfiguration changes THEN VirtualConfiguration -> MUST_UPDATE
IF ModelResidual increases persistently THEN FaultOrModelMismatch -> INVESTIGATE
IF Calibration improves fit THEN ModelAgreement -> MAY_INCREASE
IF PredictionHorizon increases THEN PredictionUncertainty -> MAY_INCREASE
IF MaintenanceAction changes asset THEN TwinStateAndConfiguration -> RESYNCHRONISE
IF Provenance incomplete THEN TraceabilityConfidence -> DECREASES

# SEMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS
RELATION represents(DigitalTwin, PhysicalAsset)
RELATION identifies(AssetIdentity, PhysicalAsset)
RELATION contains(DigitalTwin, VirtualModel)
RELATION measures(Sensor, PhysicalQuantity)
RELATION transports(Telemetry, Measurement)
RELATION computes(StateEstimator, EstimatedState)
RELATION aligns(Synchronisation, VirtualModel, PhysicalAssetState)
RELATION integrates(DataAssimilation, Measurement, SimulationModel)
RELATION adjusts(Calibration, Parameter)
RELATION predicts(SimulationModel, FutureState)
RELATION describes(HealthState, AssetCondition)
RELATION estimates(RemainingUsefulLife, TimeToLimit)
RELATION triggers(HealthState, MaintenanceAction)
RELATION records(Provenance, DigitalTwin)

# SEMANTIC EQUIVALENCE
SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE:
  "digital twin" ~= "synchronised virtual representation of a physical asset"
  "physical twin" ~= "physical asset represented by the digital twin"
  "virtual twin" ~= "virtual asset model"
  "state synchronisation" ~= "digital twin state alignment"
  "telemetry" ~= "remote asset measurement data"
  "data assimilation" ~= "measurement-model state updating"
  "model calibration" ~= "parameter estimation against observations"
  "condition monitoring" ~= "asset health monitoring"
  "remaining useful life" ~= "RUL"
  "what-if simulation" ~= "digital twin scenario analysis"

# CONFIDENCE
CONFIDENCE:
  ontology_domain: 0.99
  identity_mapping: 0.99
  sensor_telemetry_mapping: 0.99
  state_estimation_mapping: 0.99
  synchronisation_mapping: 0.99
  simulation_calibration_mapping: 0.99
  prediction_health_mapping: 0.99
  lifecycle_mapping: 0.99
  provenance_mapping: 0.99
  semantic_relationships: 0.99

# UPDATE MODEL
UPDATE_MODEL:
  ON new_physical_asset:
    MAP identity
    MAP configuration
    MAP virtual_model
    MAP sensors
    UPDATE confidence
    RECOMPUTE FLOW_HASH
  ON new_measurement:
    VALIDATE data_quality
    UPDATE observed_state
    UPDATE estimated_state
    UPDATE uncertainty
    PRESERVE provenance
  ON configuration_change:
    UPDATE physical_configuration
    UPDATE virtual_configuration
    INVALIDATE incompatible_model_state
    RESYNCHRONISE twin
  ON maintenance_event:
    UPDATE lifecycle_state
    UPDATE health_state
    UPDATE configuration_if_changed
    RECALIBRATE if_required
    PRESERVE provenance

# AI CONSUMPTION
AI_CONSUMPTION:
  parse_as: FORMAL_DIGITAL_TWIN_ONTOLOGY
  reasoning_mode: PHYSICAL_VIRTUAL_STATE_RELATIONAL
  preserve: [typed_entities, asset_identity, configuration, measurement_history, state_history, model_versions, calibration_history, uncertainty, lifecycle_state, confidence, provenance]
  infer: [state_update_dependencies, synchronisation_state, data_quality_impacts, calibration_requirements, prediction_dependencies, health_and_degradation_dependencies, maintenance_update_requirements, lifecycle_consistency]
  prohibit: [invented_sensor_measurements, assumed_synchronisation, assumed_asset_health, unsupported_remaining_useful_life, fabricated_predictions, unauthorised_control_actions, missing_provenance_presented_as_complete]

# FLOW HASH
FLOW_HASH_INPUT := DOMAIN + ONTOLOGY + CORE_ENTITIES + TWIN_STRUCTURE_IDENTITY + SENSOR_DATA_QUALITY + STATE_ESTIMATION_SYNCHRONISATION + DATA_ASSIMILATION_CALIBRATION + SIMULATION_PREDICTION + HEALTH_DEGRADATION_RUL + MAINTENANCE_DECISION_SUPPORT + UNCERTAINTY_VALIDATION_DRIFT + CONFIGURATION_LIFECYCLE + INTEROPERABILITY_SECURITY_PROVENANCE + PERFORMANCE_REASONING + INFERENCE_RULES + SEMANTIC_RELATIONSHIPS + SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE + CONFIDENCE + UPDATE_MODEL + AI_CONSUMPTION
FLOW_HASH := HASH(FLOW_HASH_INPUT)

END FLOW