Control Systems Ontology

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CONTROL SYSTEMS ONTOLOGY
Kireth Semantic Research Archive

AUTHORS
Mark Anthony Higgins — Sky (Recursive AI)

SOURCE
https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/engineering-ontologies/control-engineering/control-systems-ontology.html

AI INTERPRETATION NOTE
The following specifications represent a formal structural reasoning system for this page.
Execute as formal rules, not pseudocode.

FLOW "ControlSystemsOntology" v4.0

# ---------- DOMAIN ----------
DOMAIN := ENGINEERING_ONTOLOGIES / CONTROL_ENGINEERING / CONTROL_SYSTEMS

ONTOLOGY := CONTROL_SYSTEMS_ONTOLOGY

CONTROL_SYSTEM :=
    INPUT
  + CONTROLLER
  + ACTUATOR
  + PLANT
  + SENSOR
  + OUTPUT
  + FEEDBACK
  + DISTURBANCE

PURPOSE :=
    REPRESENT
  -> MODEL
  -> MEASURE
  -> CONTROL
  -> REGULATE
  -> TRACK
  -> STABILISE
  -> OPTIMISE
  -> VALIDATE

# ---------- CORE ENTITIES ----------
ENTITY ControlSystem
ENTITY OpenLoopSystem
ENTITY ClosedLoopSystem
ENTITY Plant
ENTITY Process
ENTITY Controller
ENTITY Actuator
ENTITY Sensor
ENTITY Comparator
ENTITY ReferenceInput
ENTITY SetPoint
ENTITY ErrorSignal
ENTITY ControlSignal
ENTITY SystemInput
ENTITY SystemOutput
ENTITY FeedbackSignal
ENTITY Disturbance
ENTITY Noise
ENTITY State
ENTITY SystemModel
ENTITY ControlLaw
ENTITY FeedbackLoop
ENTITY Stability
ENTITY Performance
ENTITY Constraint

# ---------- SYSTEM STRUCTURE ----------
ControlSystem
  -> contains -> Controller
  -> controls -> Plant
  -> contains -> Actuator
  -> contains -> Sensor
  -> receives -> ReferenceInput
  -> produces -> SystemOutput
  -> affected_by -> Disturbance
  -> constrained_by -> Constraint

ReferenceInput
  -> represents -> DESIRED_OUTPUT

Comparator
  -> compares -> ReferenceInput
  -> compares -> FeedbackSignal
  -> generates -> ErrorSignal

Controller
  -> receives -> ErrorSignal
  -> executes -> ControlLaw
  -> generates -> ControlSignal

ControlSignal
  -> drives -> Actuator

Actuator
  -> manipulates -> Plant

Plant
  -> transforms -> SystemInput
  -> produces -> SystemOutput

Sensor
  -> measures -> SystemOutput
  -> generates -> FeedbackSignal

FeedbackSignal
  -> returns_to -> Comparator

# ---------- OPEN-LOOP SYSTEM ----------
OPEN_LOOP_SYSTEM :=
    REFERENCE_INPUT
  -> CONTROLLER
  -> ACTUATOR
  -> PLANT
  -> SYSTEM_OUTPUT

OpenLoopSystem
  -> excludes -> OUTPUT_FEEDBACK

OPEN_LOOP_CONTROL_ACTION
  -> independent_of -> ACTUAL_OUTPUT

OPEN_LOOP_ADVANTAGES :=
    SIMPLICITY
  + LOW_IMPLEMENTATION_COMPLEXITY

OPEN_LOOP_LIMITATIONS :=
    NO_AUTOMATIC_ERROR_CORRECTION
  + DISTURBANCE_SENSITIVITY
  + MODEL_DEPENDENCE

# ---------- CLOSED-LOOP SYSTEM ----------
CLOSED_LOOP_SYSTEM :=
    REFERENCE_INPUT
  -> COMPARATOR
  -> ERROR_SIGNAL
  -> CONTROLLER
  -> ACTUATOR
  -> PLANT
  -> SYSTEM_OUTPUT
  -> SENSOR
  -> FEEDBACK_SIGNAL
  -> COMPARATOR

ClosedLoopSystem
  -> contains -> FeedbackLoop

CONTROL_ERROR :=
    REFERENCE_INPUT - FEEDBACK_SIGNAL

IF CONTROL_ERROR != 0
THEN Controller -> GENERATE_CORRECTIVE_CONTROL

CORRECTIVE_CONTROL
  -> acts_on -> Plant
  -> attempts_to_reduce -> CONTROL_ERROR

# ---------- FEEDBACK ----------
FEEDBACK :=
    SYSTEM_OUTPUT
  -> MEASURE
  -> RETURN_INFORMATION
  -> MODIFY_CONTROL_ACTION

NEGATIVE_FEEDBACK :=
    OUTPUT_DEVIATION
  -> OPPOSING_CONTROL_ACTION
  -> ERROR_REDUCTION

POSITIVE_FEEDBACK :=
    OUTPUT_DEVIATION
  -> REINFORCING_CONTROL_ACTION

FeedbackLoop
  -> influences -> Stability
  -> influences -> Accuracy
  -> influences -> DisturbanceRejection
  -> influences -> DynamicResponse

# ---------- INPUTS AND OUTPUTS ----------
SYSTEM_INPUT :=
    REFERENCE_INPUT
  | CONTROL_INPUT
  | DISTURBANCE_INPUT

SYSTEM_OUTPUT :=
    CONTROLLED_VARIABLE
  | MEASURED_VARIABLE
  | OBSERVED_RESPONSE

ReferenceInput
  -> defines -> TARGET_BEHAVIOUR

SystemOutput
  -> represents -> ACTUAL_BEHAVIOUR

# ---------- SYSTEM STATE ----------
STATE :=
    MINIMUM_INFORMATION
  -> required_to_describe -> DYNAMIC_CONDITION

STATE_VECTOR :=
    SET(StateVariables)

CURRENT_STATE
  + INPUT
  + SYSTEM_DYNAMICS
  -> FUTURE_STATE

STATE
  -> influences -> SystemOutput

# ---------- SYSTEM MODEL ----------
SYSTEM_MODEL :=
    INPUT_OUTPUT_RELATION
  + DYNAMIC_RELATION
  + SYSTEM_PARAMETERS

SystemModel
  -> represents -> Plant
  -> supports -> Simulation
  -> supports -> StabilityAnalysis
  -> supports -> ControllerDesign
  -> supports -> PerformancePrediction

MODEL_FORM :=
    TRANSFER_FUNCTION
  | STATE_SPACE
  | DIFFERENTIAL_EQUATION
  | DIFFERENCE_EQUATION

# ---------- CONTROL LAW ----------
CONTROL_LAW :=
    AVAILABLE_SYSTEM_INFORMATION
  -> COMPUTE -> CONTROL_SIGNAL

AVAILABLE_SYSTEM_INFORMATION :=
    ERROR_SIGNAL
  + REFERENCE_INPUT
  + MEASURED_OUTPUT
  + ESTIMATED_STATE

Controller
  -> implements -> ControlLaw

ControlLaw
  -> determines -> CONTROL_ACTION

# ---------- DISTURBANCE AND NOISE ----------
Disturbance
  -> enters -> ControlSystem
  -> changes -> SystemState
  -> changes -> SystemOutput

Noise
  -> corrupts -> Measurement

CONTROL_SYSTEM_RESPONSE :=
    RESPONSE_TO_REFERENCE
  + RESPONSE_TO_DISTURBANCE
  + RESPONSE_TO_NOISE

DISTURBANCE_REJECTION :=
    CONTROL_ACTION
  -> reduce_effect_of -> Disturbance

NOISE_ATTENUATION :=
    CONTROL_ARCHITECTURE
  -> reduce_effect_of -> Noise

# ---------- STABILITY ----------
STABILITY :=
    SYSTEM_RESPONSE
  -> remains_within -> ACCEPTABLE_BOUNDS

STABLE_CONTROL_SYSTEM :=
    BOUNDED_INPUT
  -> BOUNDED_OUTPUT

UNSTABLE_CONTROL_SYSTEM :=
    PERTURBATION
  -> GROWING_OR_UNBOUNDED_RESPONSE

Stability
  -> depends_on -> PlantDynamics
  -> depends_on -> ControllerDynamics
  -> depends_on -> FeedbackStructure

# ---------- PERFORMANCE ----------
PERFORMANCE :=
    ACCURACY
  + RESPONSE_SPEED
  + OVERSHOOT
  + SETTLING_TIME
  + STEADY_STATE_ERROR
  + DISTURBANCE_REJECTION
  + ROBUSTNESS
  + CONTROL_EFFORT

TRACKING_PERFORMANCE :=
    REFERENCE_TRAJECTORY
  -> compare_with -> SYSTEM_OUTPUT

REGULATION_PERFORMANCE :=
    SET_POINT
  -> compare_with -> SYSTEM_OUTPUT

STEADY_STATE_ERROR :=
    LIMIT(REFERENCE_INPUT - SYSTEM_OUTPUT)

# ---------- CONSTRAINTS ----------
CONSTRAINT :=
    ACTUATOR_LIMIT
  | SENSOR_LIMIT
  | STATE_LIMIT
  | INPUT_LIMIT
  | OUTPUT_LIMIT
  | SAFETY_LIMIT

Actuator
  -> subject_to -> ACTUATOR_LIMIT

Sensor
  -> subject_to -> SENSOR_LIMIT

ControlSignal
  -> subject_to -> INPUT_LIMIT

SystemOutput
  -> subject_to -> OUTPUT_LIMIT

# ---------- SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION ----------
CONTROL_SYSTEM_CLASSIFICATION :=
    OPEN_LOOP | CLOSED_LOOP
  + CONTINUOUS_TIME | DISCRETE_TIME
  + LINEAR | NONLINEAR
  + TIME_INVARIANT | TIME_VARYING
  + SISO | MIMO
  + DETERMINISTIC | STOCHASTIC

SISO :=
    SINGLE_INPUT
  + SINGLE_OUTPUT

MIMO :=
    MULTIPLE_INPUTS
  + MULTIPLE_OUTPUTS

# ---------- CONTROL SYSTEM REASONING ----------
CONTROL_SYSTEM_REASONING :=
    DEFINE_CONTROL_OBJECTIVE
  -> DEFINE_SYSTEM_BOUNDARY
  -> IDENTIFY_INPUTS
  -> IDENTIFY_OUTPUTS
  -> IDENTIFY_STATES
  -> IDENTIFY_DISTURBANCES
  -> SELECT_SYSTEM_ARCHITECTURE
  -> DEVELOP_SYSTEM_MODEL
  -> ANALYSE_STABILITY
  -> DESIGN_CONTROL_LAW
  -> SIMULATE
  -> IMPLEMENT
  -> MEASURE
  -> COMPARE_WITH_REQUIREMENTS
  -> VALIDATE
  -> REFINE

# ---------- INFERENCE RULES ----------
IF FeedbackLoop EXISTS
THEN ControlSystem -> CLASSIFY_AS -> ClosedLoopSystem

IF FeedbackLoop NOT_EXISTS
THEN ControlSystem -> CLASSIFY_AS -> OpenLoopSystem

IF SystemOutput deviates_from ReferenceInput
THEN ErrorSignal -> NONZERO

IF ErrorSignal NONZERO AND ClosedLoopSystem
THEN Controller -> APPLY_CORRECTIVE_ACTION

IF Disturbance changes SystemOutput
THEN FeedbackLoop -> MAY_COMPENSATE

IF SystemResponse UNBOUNDED
THEN Stability := UNSATISFIED

IF ActuatorLimit reached
THEN ControlSignal := SATURATED

IF Performance < REQUIRED_PERFORMANCE
THEN ControllerDesign -> REVISE

# ---------- SEMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS ----------
RELATION controls(Controller, Plant)
RELATION measures(Sensor, SystemOutput)
RELATION actuates(Actuator, Plant)
RELATION compares(Comparator, ReferenceInput, FeedbackSignal)
RELATION generates(Comparator, ErrorSignal)
RELATION generates(Controller, ControlSignal)
RELATION produces(Plant, SystemOutput)
RELATION feeds_back(FeedbackSignal, Comparator)
RELATION affects(Disturbance, Plant)
RELATION corrupts(Noise, Measurement)
RELATION models(SystemModel, Plant)
RELATION constrains(Constraint, ControlSystem)
RELATION evaluates(Performance, ControlSystem)
RELATION influences(FeedbackLoop, Stability)

# ---------- SEMANTIC EQUIVALENCE ----------
SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE:
  "control system" ~= "automatic control system"
  "plant" ~= "controlled process"
  "reference input" ~= "reference signal"
  "set point" ~= "setpoint"
  "control signal" ~= "manipulated input"
  "controlled variable" ~= "system output"
  "feedback signal" ~= "measured output"
  "closed loop" ~= "feedback control system"
  "open loop" ~= "non-feedback control system"
  "control error" ~= "error signal"

# ---------- CONFIDENCE ----------
CONFIDENCE:
  ontology_domain: 0.99
  system_structure: 0.99
  open_loop_mapping: 0.99
  closed_loop_mapping: 0.99
  feedback_mapping: 0.99
  stability_mapping: 0.99
  performance_mapping: 0.98
  constraint_mapping: 0.98
  semantic_relationships: 0.99
  inference_rules: 0.98

# ---------- UPDATE MODEL ----------
UPDATE_MODEL:
  ON new_control_system:
    CLASSIFY architecture
    CLASSIFY dynamics
    MAP inputs
    MAP outputs
    MAP states
    MAP controller
    MAP plant
    MAP feedback
    MAP constraints
    UPDATE confidence
    RECOMPUTE FLOW_HASH

  ON new_measurement:
    LINK measurement -> Sensor
    LINK measurement -> SystemOutput
    UPDATE observed_state
    UPDATE performance_evidence

  ON new_disturbance:
    CLASSIFY disturbance
    MAP disturbance_path
    UPDATE system_response
    UPDATE robustness_evidence

  ON ontology_revision:
    PRESERVE entity_identity
    PRESERVE provenance
    UPDATE relationships
    UPDATE inference_rules
    UPDATE confidence
    RECOMPUTE FLOW_HASH

# ---------- AI CONSUMPTION ----------
AI_CONSUMPTION:
  parse_as: FORMAL_CONTROL_SYSTEM_ONTOLOGY
  reasoning_mode: RELATIONAL_CAUSAL_DYNAMIC

  preserve:
    - typed_entities
    - system_boundaries
    - directional_relations
    - feedback_paths
    - causal_dependencies
    - constraints
    - confidence
    - provenance

  infer:
    - open_closed_loop_classification
    - signal_paths
    - control_dependencies
    - disturbance_paths
    - feedback_dependencies
    - stability_dependencies
    - performance_dependencies

  prohibit:
    - invented_system_parameters
    - invented_measurements
    - assumed_stability
    - assumed_performance
    - unsupported_control_actions
    - removal_of_constraints

# ---------- FLOW HASH ----------
FLOW_HASH_INPUT :=
    DOMAIN
  + ONTOLOGY
  + CORE_ENTITIES
  + SYSTEM_STRUCTURE
  + OPEN_LOOP_SYSTEM
  + CLOSED_LOOP_SYSTEM
  + FEEDBACK
  + INPUTS_OUTPUTS
  + SYSTEM_STATE
  + SYSTEM_MODEL
  + CONTROL_LAW
  + DISTURBANCE_NOISE
  + STABILITY
  + PERFORMANCE
  + CONSTRAINTS
  + SYSTEM_CLASSIFICATION
  + CONTROL_SYSTEM_REASONING
  + INFERENCE_RULES
  + SEMANTIC_RELATIONSHIPS
  + SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
  + CONFIDENCE
  + UPDATE_MODEL
  + AI_CONSUMPTION

FLOW_HASH :=
    HASH(FLOW_HASH_INPUT)

END FLOW