Mining Domain Ontology

FLOW ALGEBRA
TITLE: Mining Domain Ontology
VERSION: 1.0
DOMAIN: Industry Domains / Mining
SOURCE_URL: https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/domain-ontologies/industry-domains/mining-domain-ontology.html
STATUS: Domain-based ontology draft; source page not independently verified.
AUTHORS: Mark Higgins — Sky (Recursive AI)

1. PURPOSE
Represent mining resources, exploration, extraction, processing, infrastructure, safety, environmental management, and rehabilitation as typed, traceable semantic relationships. This specification describes an ontology and reasoning model; it is not executable software or operational mining guidance.

2. TYPED ENTITIES
Mine: {mine_id, name, location, lifecycle_stage, mining_method}
Deposit: {deposit_id, commodity, geology, resource_estimate, estimate_standard, uncertainty}
Mineral: {mineral_id, name, composition, classification}
OreBody: {orebody_id, deposit_id, grade, tonnage, depth}
ExplorationSurvey: {survey_id, method, location, date, observations}
MiningOperation: {operation_id, mine_id, method, status, period}
ExtractionActivity: {activity_id, operation_id, material, quantity, unit, timestamp}
ProcessingFacility: {facility_id, location, process_type, capacity}
MaterialBatch: {batch_id, origin, material_type, mass, unit, grade}
Equipment: {equipment_id, equipment_type, condition, maintenance_status}
WorkerRole: {role_id, role_name, training_requirement}
Hazard: {hazard_id, hazard_type, severity, likelihood, exposure_context}
ControlMeasure: {control_id, hazard_id, control_type, effectiveness_evidence}
EnvironmentalImpact: {impact_id, impact_type, affected_medium, magnitude, period}
MonitoringObservation: {observation_id, metric, value, unit, timestamp, method}
Permit: {permit_id, issuing_authority, jurisdiction, scope, validity_period}
RehabilitationPlan: {plan_id, site_id, objectives, milestones, monitoring_requirements}

3. RELATIONSHIP TYPES
Mine --CONTAINS--> Deposit
Deposit --CONTAINS--> OreBody
OreBody --YIELDS--> MaterialBatch
ExplorationSurvey --OBSERVES--> Deposit
MiningOperation --OCCURS_AT--> Mine
ExtractionActivity --PART_OF--> MiningOperation
ExtractionActivity --PRODUCES--> MaterialBatch
MaterialBatch --PROCESSED_AT--> ProcessingFacility
Equipment --USED_IN--> MiningOperation
Hazard --ASSOCIATED_WITH--> MiningOperation
ControlMeasure --MITIGATES--> Hazard
MonitoringObservation --MEASURES--> EnvironmentalImpact
Permit --AUTHORISES_WITHIN_SCOPE--> MiningOperation
RehabilitationPlan --APPLIES_TO--> Mine

4. TYPE AND INTEGRITY CONSTRAINTS
- Every relationship endpoint must satisfy its declared entity type.
- Every measured quantity must include a unit, measurement method where relevant, and temporal context.
- Resource and reserve estimates must not be treated as interchangeable; retain classification standard and reporting date.
- An exploration observation is not proof of economically recoverable reserves.
- Permit validity is jurisdiction-, scope-, and time-dependent; missing data implies UNKNOWN, not compliance.
- Reported environmental impacts and mitigation outcomes require observation provenance.

5. FLOW RULES
RULE R1: IF ExtractionActivity PART_OF MiningOperation AND MiningOperation OCCURS_AT Mine THEN ExtractionActivity OCCURS_AT Mine [derived].
RULE R2: IF MaterialBatch PROCESSED_AT ProcessingFacility THEN preserve batch origin and processing history for traceability.
RULE R3: IF MonitoringObservation exceeds a documented applicable threshold THEN FLAG potential exceedance for expert review; do not infer a legal violation without jurisdictional verification.
RULE R4: IF Hazard ASSOCIATED_WITH MiningOperation AND ControlMeasure MITIGATES Hazard THEN RECORD mitigation association; do not infer that residual risk is acceptable.
RULE R5: IF Permit validity_period excludes activity timestamp THEN FLAG permit-status review; do not automatically determine illegality.
RULE R6: IF RehabilitationPlan APPLIES_TO Mine THEN link objectives, actions, observations and closure evidence.

6. CONFIDENCE
CONFIDENCE(assertion) := calibrated score in [0,1] where evidence supports calibration; otherwise UNKNOWN.
Store: evidence_quality, source_reliability, observation_uncertainty, temporal_relevance, reasoning_method.
Never present illustrative confidence scores as measured probabilities.

7. SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE(a,b) requires matching meaning, scope, units, context, and applicable classification standard.
Examples of NON-equivalence: mineral resource != mineral reserve; ore grade != recovery rate; permit issued != permit currently valid; hazard controlled != hazard eliminated.

8. PROVENANCE
For every sourced or derived assertion record {source_id, source_uri, author_or_authority, observed_at, retrieved_at, method, evidence_reference, derivation_chain, version}.
Distinguish source facts, model-derived inferences, and unverified hypotheses.

9. FLOW_HASH
FLOW_HASH := SHA-256(canonical UTF-8 serialization of versioned ontology schema + sorted entity and relationship assertions + provenance identifiers).
Canonicalisation must fix field ordering, Unicode normalization, number representation and timestamp format.

10. UPDATE_MODEL
On new evidence: validate types -> resolve entity identity -> preserve prior versions -> reconcile conflicts -> update affected relations -> recompute derived assertions -> recalculate FLOW_HASH -> publish change log.
Do not silently overwrite contradictory observations.

11. AI_CONSUMPTION
Expose typed entities, relationship predicates, explicit uncertainty, source provenance, time validity, and derivation paths for retrieval and reasoning.
Require human/domain-expert review for safety, regulatory, financial and environmental decisions.

12. CROSS-DOMAIN LINKS
Geology Ontology; Mineralogy Ontology; Environmental Science Ontology; Engineering Ontologies; Energy Domain Ontology; Supply Chain Domain Ontology; Risk Management Domain Ontology; Regulation Domain Ontology; Spatial Metadata Ontology; Scientific Measurement Ontology.

END FLOW ALGEBRA