Oceanography Domain Ontology

FLOW ALGEBRA
TITLE: Oceanography Domain Ontology
DOMAIN: Domain Ontologies / Earth & Environmental Domains / Oceanography
SOURCE: https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/domain-ontologies/earth-environmental-domains/oceanography-domain-ontology.html
VERSION: 1.0
AUTHORS: Mark Anthony Higgins — Sky (Recursive AI)
STATUS: Companion formalisation; source-page specification not independently verified.

flow "OceanographyDomainOntology" v1.0 {
  ontology:
    id: "oceanography-domain-ontology"
    parent: "earth-environmental-domains"
    purpose: "Represent marine environments, ocean processes, observations and evidence-backed relationships across physical, chemical, biological and geological oceanography."

  types:
    MarineRegion: {id: string, name: string, geometry: string?, depth_range_m: string?}
    WaterMass: {id: string, region_id: string, temperature: Quantity?, salinity: Quantity?, density: Quantity?}
    OceanCurrent: {id: string, region_id: string, velocity: Quantity?, direction: Quantity?, observed_at: datetime?}
    MarineProcess: {id: string, kind: enum[circulation, upwelling, mixing, wave, tide, sediment_transport, biogeochemical_cycle, other], region_id: string?}
    MarineOrganism: {id: string, taxon: string, habitat_id: string?}
    SeafloorFeature: {id: string, kind: string, geometry: string?, depth: Quantity?}
    Observation: {id: string, observed_at: datetime, instrument: string?, method: string?, location: string?, provenance: string, uncertainty: number?}
    Quantity: {value: number, unit: string, uncertainty: number?, datum: string?, reference_frame: string?}
    Relationship: {id: string, subject: string, predicate: string, object: string, context: string?, confidence: number, evidence: string[]}

  predicates:
    located_in(entity: string, region: MarineRegion)
    flows_through(current: OceanCurrent, region: MarineRegion)
    transports(current: OceanCurrent, material: string)
    influences(process: MarineProcess, target: string)
    inhabits(organism: MarineOrganism, region: MarineRegion)
    measured_by(entity: string, observation: Observation)
    interacts_with(a: string, b: string)
    occurs_before(a: Observation, b: Observation)

  constraints:
    - "All relationship endpoints must resolve to declared entities."
    - "Confidence values must lie within [0,1]."
    - "Measurements must specify units and relevant depth, datum, coordinates and time."
    - "Distinguish practical salinity, absolute salinity and their units/conventions."
    - "Do not equate correlation, co-occurrence or temporal precedence with causation."
    - "Do not assume flows_through, influences or interacts_with is transitive."
    - "Record spatial and temporal resolution when comparing observations."
    - "Keep modelled estimates distinct from direct measurements."

  inference:
    rule observation_support:
      if measured_by(x, obs) and valid(obs)
      then evidence_for(x, obs)
      confidence: "based on calibration, uncertainty, sampling and provenance"
    rule regional_membership:
      if located_in(x, r1) and spatially_contained_in(r1, r2) and compatible_time(x, r1, r2)
      then located_in(x, r2)
      confidence: "inherit supporting spatial evidence; verify geometry and temporal validity"
    rule temporal_sequence:
      if occurs_before(a,b) and occurs_before(b,c) and compatible_clocks(a,b,c)
      then occurs_before(a,c)
      confidence: "retain source timestamps and uncertainties"

  SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE:
    - "Map marine terms to versioned controlled vocabularies where available."
    - "Distinguish synonyms from exact identity and model-specific approximations."
    - "Preserve coordinate reference system, depth datum, units and sampling epoch."

  CONFIDENCE:
    range: [0,1]
    factors: [measurement_uncertainty, calibration, sampling_bias, spatial_resolution, temporal_resolution, model_validity, independent_replication]
    policy: "Do not manufacture certainty or automatically increase confidence through inference chaining."

  VALIDATION:
    - "Check entity types, unit consistency, coordinates, timestamps and provenance."
    - "Check physical plausibility of temperature, salinity, density and current measurements in context."
    - "Flag conflicting observations without silently overwriting them."
    - "Preserve uncertainties and alternative hypotheses."

  FLOW_HASH:
    algorithm: "SHA-256"
    input: "canonicalised ontology version, typed assertions, rules and provenance"
    note: "Compute hash during execution; no precomputed hash is asserted."

  UPDATE_MODEL:
    strategy: "versioned provenance-preserving incremental updates"
    steps: [ingest, normalise, validate, compare, reconcile, recompute_inferences, publish]
    rollback: true

  AI_CONSUMPTION:
    representation: "typed marine-science knowledge graph with evidence-backed edges"
    outputs: [entity_links, relationship_triples, observation_records, uncertainty_annotations, inferred_edges, provenance_records]
    safeguards: [preserve_units_and_datums, distinguish_observed_from_modelled, no_unsupported_causal_claims, preserve_temporal_context]
}

END FLOW ALGEBRA