Interpreter Ontology

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FLOW ALGEBRA — INTERPRETER ONTOLOGY
Semantic Library
Version: 4.0
Canonical Page:
https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/computing-ontologies/programming/interpreter-ontology.html

FLOW INTERPRETER_ONTOLOGY {

  META {
    DOMAIN = "Computing Ontologies"
    SUBDOMAIN = "Programming"
    ONTOLOGY = "Interpreter Ontology"
    PURPOSE = "Formalise language interpreters, source and bytecode evaluation, parsing, runtime environments, execution state, dynamic semantics, errors and interpreter relationships."
    LOCALE = "en-GB"
  }

  ENTITY_TYPES {
    INTERPRETER
    LANGUAGE_INTERPRETER
    BYTECODE_INTERPRETER
    TREE_WALK_INTERPRETER
    COMMAND_INTERPRETER
    REPL
    PROGRAMMING_LANGUAGE
    LANGUAGE_VERSION
    SOURCE_CODE
    SOURCE_FILE
    SOURCE_TEXT
    TOKEN
    LEXEME
    LEXER
    PARSER
    GRAMMAR
    ABSTRACT_SYNTAX_TREE
    AST_NODE
    BYTECODE
    BYTECODE_INSTRUCTION
    OPCODE
    VIRTUAL_MACHINE
    RUNTIME
    RUNTIME_ENVIRONMENT
    EXECUTION_CONTEXT
    CALL_STACK
    STACK_FRAME
    ENVIRONMENT
    SCOPE
    NAMESPACE
    SYMBOL
    BINDING
    VARIABLE
    VALUE
    DATA_TYPE
    EXPRESSION
    STATEMENT
    FUNCTION
    PROCEDURE
    METHOD
    PARAMETER
    ARGUMENT
    RETURN_VALUE
    OBJECT
    CLASS
    MODULE
    PACKAGE
    IMPORT
    CONTROL_FLOW
    CONDITIONAL
    LOOP
    BRANCH
    EXCEPTION
    EXCEPTION_HANDLER
    ERROR
    SYNTAX_ERROR
    NAME_ERROR
    TYPE_ERROR
    RUNTIME_ERROR
    INPUT
    OUTPUT
    PROGRAM_STATE
    MEMORY
    HEAP
    GARBAGE_COLLECTOR
    NATIVE_FUNCTION
    FOREIGN_FUNCTION_INTERFACE
    LIBRARY
    DEPENDENCY
    TRACE
    DIAGNOSTIC
    CONFIGURATION
    INTERPRETER_VERSION
    EVIDENCE
    CONFIDENCE_SCORE
    PROVENANCE_RECORD
  }

  RELATIONSHIPS {
    IS_A
    INSTANCE_OF
    PART_OF
    CONTAINS
    INTERPRETS
    EXECUTES
    EVALUATES
    TOKENISES
    PARSES
    PRODUCES
    READS
    WRITES
    DEFINES
    DECLARES
    REFERENCES
    RESOLVES_TO
    BINDS_TO
    HAS_TYPE
    HAS_VALUE
    CALLS
    INVOKES
    HAS_PARAMETER
    HAS_ARGUMENT
    RETURNS
    IMPORTS
    LOADS
    BRANCHES_TO
    LOOPS_TO
    THROWS
    CATCHES
    HANDLES
    ALLOCATES
    DEALLOCATES
    COLLECTS
    PUSHES
    POPS
    HAS_STATE
    TRANSITIONS_TO
    HAS_RUNTIME
    HAS_ENVIRONMENT
    HAS_CONFIGURATION
    HAS_VERSION
    DEPENDS_ON
    PRECEDES
    FOLLOWS
    DERIVED_FROM
    INFERRED_FROM
    HAS_EVIDENCE
    HAS_CONFIDENCE
    HAS_PROVENANCE
    MAPS_TO
    SEMANTICALLY_EQUIVALENT_TO
  }

  INPUTS {
    INTERPRETER_SPECIFICATIONS
    INTERPRETER_VERSION_DATA
    LANGUAGE_SPECIFICATIONS
    LANGUAGE_VERSION_DATA
    SOURCE_CODE
    GRAMMAR_DEFINITIONS
    BYTECODE_DEFINITIONS
    RUNTIME_DATA
    EXECUTION_TRACES
    CALL_STACK_TRACES
    SYMBOL_AND_SCOPE_DATA
    MODULE_AND_PACKAGE_DATA
    DEPENDENCY_DATA
    MEMORY_DATA
    GARBAGE_COLLECTION_DATA
    ERROR_LOGS
    DIAGNOSTICS
    CONFIGURATION_DATA
    ONTOLOGY_TERMS
  }

  NORMALISE {
    STANDARDISE_INTERPRETER_IDENTIFIERS
    NORMALISE_INTERPRETER_NAMES
    NORMALISE_INTERPRETER_VERSIONS
    NORMALISE_LANGUAGE_NAMES
    NORMALISE_LANGUAGE_VERSIONS
    NORMALISE_SOURCE_PATHS
    NORMALISE_TOKEN_TYPES
    NORMALISE_SYMBOL_IDENTIFIERS
    NORMALISE_TYPE_NAMES
    NORMALISE_FUNCTION_SIGNATURES
    NORMALISE_MODULE_NAMES
    NORMALISE_BYTECODE_OPCODES
    NORMALISE_ERROR_TYPES
    NORMALISE_CONFIGURATION
    RESOLVE_SYMBOL_AND_RUNTIME_IDENTITIES
    ALIGN_ONTOLOGY_TERMS
    REMOVE_DUPLICATES
    VALIDATE_METADATA
    PRESERVE_PROVENANCE
  }

  PROCESS INTERPRETATION_PIPELINE {
    SOURCE_OR_BYTECODE
      -> INPUT_CLASSIFICATION
      -> LEXICAL_AND_PARSE_PROCESSING_IF_REQUIRED
      -> EXECUTABLE_REPRESENTATION
      -> RUNTIME_ENVIRONMENT_SETUP
      -> EVALUATION_OR_DISPATCH
      -> PROGRAM_STATE_UPDATE
      -> NEXT_OPERATION
      -> RESULT_OR_ERROR_OR_TERMINATION
  }

  PROCESS SOURCE_INTERPRETATION {
    SOURCE_TEXT
      -> LEXICAL_ANALYSIS

    LEXICAL_ANALYSIS
      -> TOKEN_STREAM

    TOKEN_STREAM
      -> PARSING

    PARSING
      -> ABSTRACT_SYNTAX_TREE

    ABSTRACT_SYNTAX_TREE
      -> NODE_EVALUATION

    NODE_EVALUATION
      -> PROGRAM_STATE_TRANSITION
  }

  PROCESS BYTECODE_INTERPRETATION {
    BYTECODE
      -> INSTRUCTION_POINTER

    INSTRUCTION_POINTER
      -> BYTECODE_INSTRUCTION_FETCH

    BYTECODE_INSTRUCTION_FETCH
      -> OPCODE_DECODE

    OPCODE_DECODE
      -> OPERAND_RESOLUTION

    OPERAND_RESOLUTION
      -> INSTRUCTION_EXECUTION

    INSTRUCTION_EXECUTION
      -> VM_STATE_UPDATE
      -> NEXT_INSTRUCTION
  }

  PROCESS SYMBOL_REASONING {
    IDENTIFIER_REFERENCE
      -> CURRENT_ENVIRONMENT

    CURRENT_ENVIRONMENT
      -> SCOPE_LOOKUP

    SCOPE_LOOKUP
      -> ENCLOSING_SCOPE_OR_NAMESPACE_SEARCH

    MATCHED_BINDING
      -> VALUE_OR_ENTITY
  }

  PROCESS FUNCTION_CALL_REASONING {
    CALL_EXPRESSION
      -> CALLEE_RESOLUTION

    CALLEE_RESOLUTION
      -> ARGUMENT_EVALUATION

    ARGUMENT_EVALUATION
      -> PARAMETER_BINDING

    PARAMETER_BINDING
      -> STACK_FRAME_OR_CALL_CONTEXT

    STACK_FRAME_OR_CALL_CONTEXT
      -> FUNCTION_BODY_EVALUATION

    FUNCTION_BODY_EVALUATION
      -> RETURN_VALUE_OR_EXCEPTION

    RETURN_VALUE
      -> CALLER_CONTEXT_RESTORE
  }

  PROCESS DYNAMIC_TYPE_REASONING {
    VALUE
      -> RUNTIME_TYPE

    OPERATION + RUNTIME_TYPES
      -> OPERATION_VALIDATION

    VALID_OPERATION
      -> EVALUATED_RESULT

    INVALID_OPERATION
      -> TYPE_OR_RUNTIME_ERROR
  }

  PROCESS EXCEPTION_REASONING {
    RUNTIME_EVENT
      -> EXCEPTION_OR_ERROR

    EXCEPTION
      -> HANDLER_SEARCH

    HANDLER_FOUND
      -> CONTROL_TRANSFER_TO_HANDLER

    HANDLER_NOT_FOUND
      -> STACK_UNWINDING

    UNHANDLED_EXCEPTION
      -> PROGRAM_OR_REQUEST_TERMINATION
  }

  PROCESS MODULE_REASONING {
    IMPORT_REQUEST
      -> MODULE_RESOLUTION

    MODULE_RESOLUTION
      -> MODULE_LOAD_OR_CACHE_LOOKUP

    MODULE_LOAD
      -> MODULE_INITIALISATION

    MODULE_INITIALISATION
      -> EXPORTED_BINDINGS

    EXPORTED_BINDINGS
      -> IMPORTING_ENVIRONMENT
  }

  PROCESS MEMORY_REASONING {
    OBJECT_OR_VALUE_CREATION
      -> MEMORY_ALLOCATION

    MEMORY_ALLOCATION
      -> HEAP_OR_RUNTIME_STORAGE

    REFERENCE_GRAPH
      -> REACHABILITY_ANALYSIS_IF_MANAGED

    UNREACHABLE_OBJECT
      -> GARBAGE_COLLECTION_IF_APPLICABLE
  }

  PROCESS ERROR_REASONING {
    SOURCE_OR_RUNTIME_EVENT
      -> ERROR_DETECTION

    ERROR_DETECTION
      -> SYNTAX_ERROR
      OR -> NAME_ERROR
      OR -> TYPE_ERROR
      OR -> RUNTIME_ERROR

    ERROR_CONTEXT
      -> STACK_TRACE_AND_SOURCE_LOCATION

    STACK_TRACE_AND_SOURCE_LOCATION
      -> ROOT_CAUSE_HYPOTHESIS
      -> CONFIDENCE_SCORE
  }

  RULES {
    IF SOURCE_IS_INTERPRETED
    THEN REQUIRE {
      PROGRAMMING_LANGUAGE
      LANGUAGE_VERSION
      INTERPRETER_VERSION
      RUNTIME_CONFIGURATION
    }

    IF IDENTIFIER_IS_REFERENCED
    THEN REQUIRE ENVIRONMENT_SCOPE_AND_BINDING_CONTEXT

    IF FUNCTION_IS_CALLED
    THEN LINK CALLER_CALLEE_ARGUMENTS_PARAMETERS_AND_RETURN_OR_EXCEPTION

    IF BYTECODE_IS_EXECUTED
    THEN PRESERVE BYTECODE_VERSION_VM_AND_OPCODE_CONTEXT

    IF RUNTIME_TYPE_IS_USED
    THEN DO_NOT_ASSUME STATIC_TYPE_INFORMATION_EXISTS

    IF EXCEPTION_IS_RAISED
    THEN PRESERVE THROW_CONTEXT_HANDLER_SEARCH_AND_STACK_STATE

    IF SAME_SOURCE_IS_RUN_WITH_DIFFERENT_INTERPRETER_VERSIONS
    THEN DO_NOT_ASSUME IDENTICAL_RUNTIME_BEHAVIOUR

    IF SEMANTIC_IDENTIFIERS_DIFFER
    AND INTERPRETER_REFERENT_IS_SAME
    THEN APPLY SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
  }

  CONFIDENCE {
    CONFIDENCE_SCORE =
      WEIGHT(
        INTERPRETER_VERSION_CERTAINTY,
        LANGUAGE_VERSION_CERTAINTY,
        RUNTIME_CONFIGURATION_CERTAINTY,
        SYMBOL_RESOLUTION_COMPLETENESS,
        EXECUTION_TRACE_COMPLETENESS,
        STACK_TRACE_QUALITY,
        ERROR_DIAGNOSTIC_QUALITY,
        PROVENANCE_COMPLETENESS
      )

    LEVELS {
      HIGH
      MODERATE
      LOW
      INSUFFICIENT
    }

    IF INTERPRETER_OR_LANGUAGE_VERSION_IS_UNKNOWN
    THEN REDUCE_RUNTIME_SEMANTIC_CONFIDENCE

    IF DYNAMIC_STATE_IS_PARTIAL
    THEN REDUCE_EXECUTION_INFERENCE_CONFIDENCE

    IF REPRODUCIBLE_EXECUTION_TRACE_CONFIRMS_BEHAVIOUR
    THEN INCREASE CONFIDENCE_SCORE
  }

  SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE {
    EQUIVALENCE_KEY =
      NORMALISE(
        ENTITY_TYPE,
        INTERPRETER_IDENTIFIER,
        INTERPRETER_VERSION,
        PROGRAMMING_LANGUAGE,
        LANGUAGE_VERSION,
        RUNTIME_CONFIGURATION
      )

    IF EQUIVALENCE_KEY(A) == EQUIVALENCE_KEY(B)
    THEN A SEMANTICALLY_EQUIVALENT_TO B

    ELSE PRESERVE_DISTINCT_ENTITIES
  }

  REASONING_CONSTRAINTS {
    INTERPRETER != PROGRAMMING_LANGUAGE
    INTERPRETER != COMPILER
    SOURCE_CODE != EXECUTION_STATE
    TOKEN_STREAM != ABSTRACT_SYNTAX_TREE
    BYTECODE != SOURCE_CODE
    BYTECODE != MACHINE_CODE
    VARIABLE != VALUE
    IDENTIFIER != BOUND_ENTITY_WITHOUT_SCOPE_CONTEXT
    RUNTIME_TYPE != STATIC_TYPE_IN_ALL_LANGUAGES
    EXCEPTION != ROOT_CAUSE
    STACK_TRACE != COMPLETE_CAUSAL_PROOF
    INTERPRETED != NO_COMPILATION_OR_TRANSLATION_STAGE
    INTERPRETER_VERSION_AFFECTS_RUNTIME_BEHAVIOUR
    LANGUAGE_VERSION_AFFECTS_SEMANTICS
    CONFIGURATION_AND_DEPENDENCIES_AFFECT_EXECUTION
    DYNAMIC_BEHAVIOUR_MAY_NOT_BE_INFERABLE_FROM_SOURCE_ALONE
    PROVENANCE_MUST_BE_PRESERVED
    UNCERTAINTY_MUST_NOT_BE_DISCARDED
  }

  VALIDATION {
    CHECK_ENTITY_TYPES
    CHECK_RELATION_DOMAINS_AND_RANGES
    CHECK_INTERPRETER_IDENTIFIER
    CHECK_INTERPRETER_VERSION
    CHECK_LANGUAGE_AND_VERSION
    CHECK_SOURCE_OR_BYTECODE_FORMAT
    CHECK_PARSE_STRUCTURE_IF_APPLICABLE
    CHECK_SYMBOL_BINDINGS
    CHECK_SCOPE_AND_ENVIRONMENT
    CHECK_FUNCTION_CALLS
    CHECK_RUNTIME_TYPES
    CHECK_EXCEPTION_RELATIONS
    CHECK_MODULE_RELATIONS
    CHECK_MEMORY_AND_GC_RELATIONS
    CHECK_EXECUTION_TRACE
    CHECK_ERRORS_AND_DIAGNOSTICS
    CHECK_CONFIGURATION
    CHECK_PROVENANCE
    CHECK_CONFIDENCE
    CHECK_SEMANTIC_CONSISTENCY
  }

  OUTPUTS {
    NORMALISED_INTERPRETER_ENTITIES
    SOURCE_INTERPRETATION_RELATIONS
    BYTECODE_INTERPRETATION_RELATIONS
    PARSE_RELATIONS
    SYMBOL_BINDINGS
    RUNTIME_TYPE_RELATIONS
    FUNCTION_CALL_RELATIONS
    PROGRAM_STATE_TRANSITIONS
    MODULE_AND_IMPORT_RELATIONS
    MEMORY_AND_GC_RELATIONS
    EXCEPTION_RELATIONS
    EXECUTION_TRACES
    ERROR_AND_DIAGNOSTIC_RELATIONS
    ROOT_CAUSE_HYPOTHESES
    CONFIDENCE_SCORES
    EVIDENCE_LINKS
    PROVENANCE_RECORDS
    EXPLANATION_PATHS
  }

  UPDATE_MODEL {
    ON SOURCE_RUNTIME_OR_CONFIGURATION_CHANGE {
      NORMALISE
      REPROCESS_SOURCE_OR_BYTECODE
      RESOLVE_SYMBOLS
      UPDATE_RUNTIME_ENVIRONMENT
      UPDATE_MODULE_RELATIONS
      RECOMPUTE_EXECUTION_RELATIONS
      UPDATE_CONFIDENCE
      PRESERVE_VERSION_HISTORY
    }

    ON NEW_EXECUTION_ERROR_OR_GC_DATA {
      LINK_EVIDENCE
      UPDATE_EXECUTION_TRACE
      UPDATE_PROGRAM_STATE
      UPDATE_MEMORY_AND_GC_RELATIONS
      REASSESS_EXCEPTION_AND_ERROR_HYPOTHESES
      UPDATE_CONFIDENCE
      RECORD_PROVENANCE
    }

    ON INTERPRETER_OR_LANGUAGE_VERSION_CHANGE {
      UPDATE_VERSION_CONTEXT
      RECHECK_RUNTIME_SEMANTICS
      RECHECK_SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
      RECOMPUTE_AFFECTED_RELATIONS
      UPDATE_CONFIDENCE
      PRESERVE_VERSION_HISTORY
    }

    ON ONTOLOGY_REVISION {
      REMAP_TERMS
      CHECK_SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
      IDENTIFY_DEPRECATED_TERMS
      MIGRATE_RELATIONSHIPS
      PRESERVE_PRIOR_VERSION_REFERENCES
    }
  }

  FLOW_HASH {
    HASH_INPUT =
      CANONICALISE(
        ENTITY_TYPES,
        RELATIONSHIPS,
        RULES,
        CONFIDENCE,
        SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE,
        REASONING_CONSTRAINTS,
        UPDATE_MODEL
      )

    FLOW_HASH = SHA256(HASH_INPUT)
  }

  AI_CONSUMPTION {
    INDEX {
      ONTOLOGY
      ENTITY_TYPES
      RELATIONSHIPS
      RULES
      OUTPUTS
    }

    RETRIEVE {
      BY_INTERPRETER
      BY_LANGUAGE
      BY_VERSION
      BY_SOURCE
      BY_BYTECODE
      BY_SYMBOL
      BY_SCOPE
      BY_FUNCTION
      BY_RUNTIME_TYPE
      BY_MODULE
      BY_EXCEPTION
      BY_ERROR
      BY_EXECUTION_STATE
      BY_CONFIDENCE
    }

    REASON {
      APPLY_RELATIONSHIPS
      APPLY_RULES
      TRACE_INTERPRETATION_PIPELINE
      ANALYSE_SOURCE_INTERPRETATION
      ANALYSE_BYTECODE_INTERPRETATION
      RESOLVE_SYMBOLS
      TRACE_FUNCTION_CALLS
      ANALYSE_DYNAMIC_TYPES
      ANALYSE_EXCEPTIONS
      TRACE_MODULE_IMPORTS
      ANALYSE_MEMORY_AND_GC
      ANALYSE_ERRORS
      CHECK_SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
      PRESERVE_UNCERTAINTY
      TRACE_EVIDENCE
      TRACE_PROVENANCE
      GENERATE_EXPLANATION_PATH
    }

    RESPONSE_POLICY {
      DISTINGUISH_INTERPRETER_FROM_LANGUAGE_AND_COMPILER
      PRESERVE_INTERPRETER_LANGUAGE_VERSION_RUNTIME_AND_CONFIGURATION_CONTEXT
      DISTINGUISH_SOURCE_BYTECODE_AND_RUNTIME_STATE
      DISTINGUISH_RUNTIME_TYPE_FROM_STATIC_TYPE
      DISTINGUISH_EXCEPTION_OR_STACK_TRACE_FROM_ROOT_CAUSE
      RETURN_CONFIDENCE_WHEN_AVAILABLE
      RETURN_PROVENANCE_WHEN_AVAILABLE
      AVOID_UNSUPPORTED_INTERPRETER_INFERENCE
    }
  }

  TERMINAL {
    RESULT =
      VALIDATED(
        SEMANTICALLY_NORMALISED(
          EVIDENCE_LINKED(
            CONFIDENCE_AWARE(
              INTERPRETER_KNOWLEDGE
            )
          )
        )
      )
  }
}

END FLOW