Kernel Ontology

AI SEARCH

FLOW ALGEBRA — KERNEL ONTOLOGY
Semantic Library
Version: 4.0
Canonical Page:
https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/computing-ontologies/operating-systems/kernel-ontology-2.html

FLOW KERNEL_ONTOLOGY {

  META {
    DOMAIN = "Computing Ontologies"
    SUBDOMAIN = "Operating Systems"
    ONTOLOGY = "Kernel Ontology"
    PURPOSE = "Formalise operating-system kernel entities, privileged execution, system calls, scheduling, memory management, interrupts, device control, IPC, synchronisation and kernel-state relationships."
    LOCALE = "en-GB"
  }

  ENTITY_TYPES {
    KERNEL
    OPERATING_SYSTEM
    KERNEL_SPACE
    USER_SPACE
    KERNEL_MODE
    USER_MODE
    PRIVILEGED_MODE
    PROCESS
    THREAD
    TASK
    SYSTEM_CALL
    SYSTEM_CALL_INTERFACE
    TRAP
    INTERRUPT
    EXCEPTION
    INTERRUPT_HANDLER
    EXCEPTION_HANDLER
    SCHEDULER
    SCHEDULING_POLICY
    CONTEXT
    CONTEXT_SWITCH
    CPU
    CORE
    PROCESS_STATE
    THREAD_STATE
    MEMORY_MANAGER
    PHYSICAL_MEMORY
    VIRTUAL_MEMORY
    ADDRESS_SPACE
    VIRTUAL_ADDRESS
    PHYSICAL_ADDRESS
    PAGE
    FRAME
    PAGE_TABLE
    TLB
    MEMORY_ALLOCATION
    KERNEL_HEAP
    FILESYSTEM
    VIRTUAL_FILESYSTEM
    FILE
    FILE_DESCRIPTOR
    INODE
    DEVICE
    DEVICE_DRIVER
    IO_SUBSYSTEM
    IO_REQUEST
    BUFFER
    CACHE
    IPC
    PIPE
    SOCKET
    SHARED_MEMORY
    MESSAGE_QUEUE
    SIGNAL
    SYNCHRONISATION_PRIMITIVE
    LOCK
    SPINLOCK
    MUTEX
    SEMAPHORE
    CONDITION_VARIABLE
    ATOMIC_OPERATION
    RESOURCE
    TIMER
    CLOCK
    SECURITY_MODULE
    CREDENTIAL
    PERMISSION
    CAPABILITY
    NAMESPACE
    SERVICE
    KERNEL_MODULE
    MODULE
    BOOT_STATE
    KERNEL_STATE
    EVENT
    ERROR
    PANIC
    DEADLOCK
    RACE_CONDITION
    CONFIGURATION
    KERNEL_VERSION
    EVIDENCE
    CONFIDENCE_SCORE
    PROVENANCE_RECORD
  }

  RELATIONSHIPS {
    IS_A
    INSTANCE_OF
    PART_OF
    CONTAINS
    MANAGES
    EXECUTES
    SCHEDULES
    CREATES
    TERMINATES
    SWITCHES_TO
    ENTERS
    RETURNS_TO
    INVOKES
    HANDLES
    INTERRUPTS
    RAISES
    ALLOCATES
    DEALLOCATES
    MAPS_TO
    READS
    WRITES
    OPENS
    CLOSES
    MOUNTS
    CONTROLS
    DRIVES
    SENDS
    RECEIVES
    COMMUNICATES_WITH
    SYNCHRONISES_WITH
    LOCKS
    UNLOCKS
    WAITS_FOR
    SIGNALS
    AUTHENTICATES
    AUTHORISES
    PERMITS
    DENIES
    LOADS
    UNLOADS
    HAS_STATE
    TRANSITIONS_TO
    HAS_RESOURCE
    HAS_ADDRESS_SPACE
    HAS_HANDLER
    HAS_DRIVER
    HAS_MODULE
    HAS_CONFIGURATION
    HAS_KERNEL_VERSION
    FAILS_WITH
    DEPENDS_ON
    PRECEDES
    FOLLOWS
    DERIVED_FROM
    INFERRED_FROM
    HAS_EVIDENCE
    HAS_CONFIDENCE
    HAS_PROVENANCE
    SEMANTICALLY_EQUIVALENT_TO
  }

  INPUTS {
    KERNEL_SPECIFICATIONS
    KERNEL_VERSION_DATA
    SYSTEM_CALL_TABLES
    PROCESS_AND_THREAD_TABLES
    SCHEDULER_TRACES
    INTERRUPT_TRACES
    EXCEPTION_TRACES
    MEMORY_MAPS
    PAGE_TABLE_DATA
    MEMORY_ALLOCATION_DATA
    FILESYSTEM_METADATA
    DEVICE_AND_DRIVER_DATA
    IO_TRACES
    IPC_TRACES
    SYNCHRONISATION_TRACES
    SECURITY_CONTEXT_DATA
    KERNEL_MODULE_DATA
    KERNEL_LOGS
    PANIC_LOGS
    CONFIGURATION_DATA
    ONTOLOGY_TERMS
  }

  NORMALISE {
    STANDARDISE_KERNEL_IDENTIFIERS
    NORMALISE_KERNEL_VERSIONS
    NORMALISE_PROCESS_AND_THREAD_IDENTIFIERS
    NORMALISE_SYSTEM_CALL_NAMES
    NORMALISE_INTERRUPT_AND_EXCEPTION_TYPES
    NORMALISE_MEMORY_UNITS
    NORMALISE_ADDRESS_FORMATS
    NORMALISE_FILESYSTEM_IDENTIFIERS
    NORMALISE_DEVICE_IDENTIFIERS
    NORMALISE_SYNCHRONISATION_PRIMITIVES
    NORMALISE_SECURITY_IDENTITIES
    NORMALISE_MODULE_IDENTIFIERS
    NORMALISE_EVENT_TYPES
    RESOLVE_KERNEL_RESOURCE_IDENTITIES
    ALIGN_ONTOLOGY_TERMS
    REMOVE_DUPLICATES
    VALIDATE_METADATA
    PRESERVE_PROVENANCE
  }

  PROCESS KERNEL_REASONING_PIPELINE {
    KERNEL_STATE
      -> PROCESS_AND_THREAD_RESOLUTION
      -> SYSTEM_CALL_MAPPING
      -> SCHEDULER_STATE_MAPPING
      -> MEMORY_STATE_MAPPING
      -> FILESYSTEM_AND_IO_MAPPING
      -> IPC_AND_SYNCHRONISATION_MAPPING
      -> SECURITY_CONTEXT_MAPPING
      -> INTERRUPT_EXCEPTION_AND_ERROR_MAPPING
      -> VALIDATION
      -> OUTPUT
  }

  PROCESS SYSTEM_CALL_REASONING {
    USER_PROCESS
      -> SYSTEM_CALL_REQUEST

    SYSTEM_CALL_REQUEST
      -> USER_TO_KERNEL_TRANSITION

    USER_TO_KERNEL_TRANSITION
      -> SYSTEM_CALL_DISPATCH

    SYSTEM_CALL_DISPATCH
      -> KERNEL_SERVICE

    KERNEL_SERVICE
      -> RESULT_OR_ERROR

    RESULT_OR_ERROR
      -> KERNEL_TO_USER_RETURN
  }

  PROCESS SCHEDULER_REASONING {
    RUNNABLE_THREADS
      -> SCHEDULING_POLICY

    SCHEDULING_POLICY
      -> THREAD_SELECTION

    THREAD_SELECTION
      -> CPU_OR_CORE_ASSIGNMENT

    CPU_OR_CORE_ASSIGNMENT
      -> CONTEXT_SWITCH_IF_REQUIRED

    CONTEXT_SWITCH_IF_REQUIRED
      -> THREAD_EXECUTION
  }

  PROCESS INTERRUPT_REASONING {
    HARDWARE_OR_SOFTWARE_EVENT
      -> INTERRUPT_OR_TRAP

    INTERRUPT_OR_TRAP
      -> SAVE_EXECUTION_CONTEXT

    SAVE_EXECUTION_CONTEXT
      -> HANDLER_DISPATCH

    HANDLER_DISPATCH
      -> HANDLER_EXECUTION

    HANDLER_EXECUTION
      -> RESTORE_OR_UPDATE_CONTEXT
      -> RETURN_OR_RESCHEDULE
  }

  PROCESS MEMORY_MANAGEMENT_REASONING {
    MEMORY_REQUEST
      -> VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_CONTEXT

    VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_CONTEXT
      -> PAGE_TABLE_OR_TLB_RESOLUTION

    RESOLUTION
      -> PHYSICAL_FRAME
      OR -> PAGE_FAULT

    PAGE_FAULT
      -> FAULT_HANDLER

    FAULT_HANDLER
      -> MAPPING_UPDATE
      -> RESUME_OR_TERMINATE
  }

  PROCESS DEVICE_IO_REASONING {
    PROCESS_OR_KERNEL_SERVICE
      -> IO_REQUEST

    IO_REQUEST
      -> IO_SUBSYSTEM

    IO_SUBSYSTEM
      -> DEVICE_DRIVER

    DEVICE_DRIVER
      -> DEVICE

    DEVICE_COMPLETION
      -> INTERRUPT_OR_COMPLETION_EVENT

    COMPLETION_EVENT
      -> WAKE_WAITING_TASK_OR_COMPLETE_REQUEST
  }

  PROCESS SYNCHRONISATION_REASONING {
    KERNEL_TASKS + SHARED_RESOURCE
      -> SYNCHRONISATION_REQUIREMENT

    SYNCHRONISATION_REQUIREMENT
      -> LOCK_OR_SPINLOCK_OR_MUTEX_OR_SEMAPHORE_OR_ATOMIC

    SYNCHRONISATION_EVENT
      -> ORDERING_CONSTRAINT

    ORDERING_CONSTRAINT
      -> SAFE_ACCESS_OR_WAIT
  }

  PROCESS KERNEL_MODULE_REASONING {
    MODULE_REQUEST
      -> MODULE_VALIDATION

    MODULE_VALIDATION
      -> DEPENDENCY_CHECK

    DEPENDENCY_CHECK
      -> LOAD_MODULE

    LOAD_MODULE
      -> REGISTER_FUNCTIONALITY

    UNLOAD_REQUEST
      -> USAGE_AND_DEPENDENCY_CHECK
      -> UNREGISTER_AND_UNLOAD
  }

  PROCESS KERNEL_FAILURE_REASONING {
    ERROR_OR_FATAL_CONDITION
      -> FAILURE_CONTEXT

    FAILURE_CONTEXT
      -> RECOVERY_CHECK

    RECOVERABLE
      -> ERROR_HANDLER

    UNRECOVERABLE
      -> PANIC_OR_SYSTEM_HALT

    FAILURE_CONTEXT
      -> EVIDENCE_AND_PROVENANCE_RECORD
  }

  RULES {
    IF SYSTEM_CALL_IS_INVOKED
    THEN DISTINGUISH USER_SPACE_REQUEST FROM KERNEL_SPACE_EXECUTION

    IF KERNEL_ACCESS_USES_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS
    THEN DO_NOT_ASSERT_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS_WITHOUT_MAPPING

    IF INTERRUPT_OR_EXCEPTION_OCCURS
    THEN PRESERVE PRIOR_CONTEXT_HANDLER_AND_RETURN_CONTEXT

    IF KERNEL_TASKS_SHARE_MUTABLE_RESOURCE
    THEN CHECK_SYNCHRONISATION_AND_ORDERING

    IF LOCK_DEPENDENCIES_FORM_CYCLE
    THEN DO_NOT_ASSERT_DEADLOCK_WITHOUT_RUNTIME_STATE_VALIDATION

    IF KERNEL_MODULE_IS_LOADED
    THEN PRESERVE MODULE_VERSION_DEPENDENCIES_AND_KERNEL_VERSION_CONTEXT

    IF PANIC_OCCURS
    THEN DO_NOT_ASSERT_ROOT_CAUSE_FROM_FINAL_ERROR_MESSAGE_ALONE

    IF SEMANTIC_IDENTIFIERS_DIFFER
    AND KERNEL_REFERENT_IS_SAME
    THEN APPLY SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
  }

  CONFIDENCE {
    CONFIDENCE_SCORE =
      WEIGHT(
        KERNEL_VERSION_CERTAINTY,
        RUNTIME_STATE_OBSERVABILITY,
        SYSTEM_CALL_TRACE_COMPLETENESS,
        SCHEDULER_TRACE_COMPLETENESS,
        MEMORY_MAP_COMPLETENESS,
        INTERRUPT_TRACE_COMPLETENESS,
        KERNEL_LOG_QUALITY,
        PROVENANCE_COMPLETENESS
      )

    LEVELS {
      HIGH
      MODERATE
      LOW
      INSUFFICIENT
    }

    IF RUNTIME_STATE_IS_PARTIAL
    THEN REDUCE_KERNEL_STATE_INFERENCE_CONFIDENCE

    IF KERNEL_VERSION_OR_CONFIGURATION_IS_UNKNOWN
    THEN REDUCE_BEHAVIOURAL_INFERENCE_CONFIDENCE

    IF REPRODUCIBLE_KERNEL_TRACE_CONFIRMS_BEHAVIOUR
    THEN INCREASE CONFIDENCE_SCORE
  }

  SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE {
    EQUIVALENCE_KEY =
      NORMALISE(
        ENTITY_TYPE,
        CANONICAL_IDENTIFIER,
        KERNEL_FAMILY,
        KERNEL_VERSION,
        MODULE_CONTEXT,
        CONFIGURATION
      )

    IF EQUIVALENCE_KEY(A) == EQUIVALENCE_KEY(B)
    THEN A SEMANTICALLY_EQUIVALENT_TO B

    ELSE PRESERVE_DISTINCT_ENTITIES
  }

  REASONING_CONSTRAINTS {
    KERNEL != COMPLETE_OPERATING_SYSTEM
    USER_SPACE != KERNEL_SPACE
    USER_MODE != KERNEL_MODE
    SYSTEM_CALL != KERNEL_FUNCTION_IN_ALL_CONTEXTS
    INTERRUPT != EXCEPTION
    VIRTUAL_ADDRESS != PHYSICAL_ADDRESS
    DEVICE != DEVICE_DRIVER
    PROCESS != THREAD
    LOCK_CONTENTION != DEADLOCK
    PANIC_MESSAGE != ROOT_CAUSE
    KERNEL_MODULE != USER_APPLICATION
    KERNEL_VERSION_AND_CONFIGURATION_AFFECT_BEHAVIOUR
    RUNTIME_STATE_MAY_CHANGE_RAPIDLY
    PRIVILEGED_EXECUTION_REQUIRES_SECURITY_CONTEXT
    PROVENANCE_MUST_BE_PRESERVED
    UNCERTAINTY_MUST_NOT_BE_DISCARDED
  }

  VALIDATION {
    CHECK_ENTITY_TYPES
    CHECK_RELATION_DOMAINS_AND_RANGES
    CHECK_KERNEL_IDENTIFIER
    CHECK_KERNEL_VERSION
    CHECK_PROCESS_AND_THREAD_IDENTITIES
    CHECK_SYSTEM_CALL_RELATIONS
    CHECK_SCHEDULING_RELATIONS
    CHECK_INTERRUPT_AND_EXCEPTION_RELATIONS
    CHECK_MEMORY_MAPPINGS
    CHECK_FILESYSTEM_RELATIONS
    CHECK_DEVICE_AND_DRIVER_RELATIONS
    CHECK_IO_RELATIONS
    CHECK_IPC_RELATIONS
    CHECK_SYNCHRONISATION
    CHECK_SECURITY_CONTEXT
    CHECK_MODULE_DEPENDENCIES
    CHECK_PANIC_AND_FAILURE_RELATIONS
    CHECK_CONFIGURATION
    CHECK_PROVENANCE
    CHECK_CONFIDENCE
    CHECK_SEMANTIC_CONSISTENCY
  }

  OUTPUTS {
    NORMALISED_KERNEL_ENTITIES
    SYSTEM_CALL_RELATIONS
    PROCESS_AND_THREAD_RELATIONS
    SCHEDULING_RELATIONS
    INTERRUPT_AND_EXCEPTION_RELATIONS
    MEMORY_MANAGEMENT_RELATIONS
    FILESYSTEM_RELATIONS
    DEVICE_AND_DRIVER_RELATIONS
    IO_RELATIONS
    IPC_RELATIONS
    SYNCHRONISATION_RELATIONS
    SECURITY_RELATIONS
    KERNEL_MODULE_RELATIONS
    KERNEL_STATE_TRANSITIONS
    PANIC_AND_FAILURE_RELATIONS
    CONFIDENCE_SCORES
    EVIDENCE_LINKS
    PROVENANCE_RECORDS
    EXPLANATION_PATHS
  }

  UPDATE_MODEL {
    ON KERNEL_MODULE_OR_CONFIGURATION_CHANGE {
      NORMALISE
      ENTITY_RESOLUTION
      UPDATE_SYSTEM_CALL_MODEL
      UPDATE_SCHEDULER_MODEL
      UPDATE_MEMORY_MODEL
      UPDATE_DEVICE_AND_DRIVER_MODEL
      UPDATE_MODULE_DEPENDENCIES
      UPDATE_SECURITY_CONTEXT
      RECOMPUTE_AFFECTED_RELATIONS
      UPDATE_CONFIDENCE
      PRESERVE_VERSION_HISTORY
    }

    ON NEW_RUNTIME_LOG_OR_FAILURE_DATA {
      LINK_EVIDENCE
      UPDATE_KERNEL_STATE
      UPDATE_PROCESS_AND_THREAD_STATE
      UPDATE_INTERRUPT_AND_IO_STATE
      UPDATE_MEMORY_STATE
      REASSESS_DEADLOCK_AND_FAILURE_HYPOTHESES
      UPDATE_CONFIDENCE
      RECORD_PROVENANCE
    }

    ON ONTOLOGY_REVISION {
      REMAP_TERMS
      CHECK_SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
      IDENTIFY_DEPRECATED_TERMS
      MIGRATE_RELATIONSHIPS
      PRESERVE_PRIOR_VERSION_REFERENCES
    }
  }

  FLOW_HASH {
    HASH_INPUT =
      CANONICALISE(
        ENTITY_TYPES,
        RELATIONSHIPS,
        RULES,
        CONFIDENCE,
        SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE,
        REASONING_CONSTRAINTS,
        UPDATE_MODEL
      )

    FLOW_HASH = SHA256(HASH_INPUT)
  }

  AI_CONSUMPTION {
    INDEX {
      ONTOLOGY
      ENTITY_TYPES
      RELATIONSHIPS
      RULES
      OUTPUTS
    }

    RETRIEVE {
      BY_KERNEL
      BY_SYSTEM_CALL
      BY_PROCESS
      BY_THREAD
      BY_SCHEDULER
      BY_INTERRUPT
      BY_EXCEPTION
      BY_MEMORY
      BY_DEVICE
      BY_DRIVER
      BY_IPC
      BY_LOCK
      BY_MODULE
      BY_PANIC
      BY_CONFIDENCE
    }

    REASON {
      APPLY_RELATIONSHIPS
      APPLY_RULES
      TRACE_SYSTEM_CALLS
      TRACE_THREAD_SCHEDULING
      TRACE_INTERRUPTS_AND_EXCEPTIONS
      TRACE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
      TRACE_DEVICE_IO
      TRACE_IPC
      ANALYSE_SYNCHRONISATION
      ANALYSE_KERNEL_MODULES
      ANALYSE_KERNEL_FAILURES
      CHECK_SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
      PRESERVE_UNCERTAINTY
      TRACE_EVIDENCE
      TRACE_PROVENANCE
      GENERATE_EXPLANATION_PATH
    }

    RESPONSE_POLICY {
      DISTINGUISH_KERNEL_FROM_COMPLETE_OS
      DISTINGUISH_USER_FROM_KERNEL_EXECUTION
      DISTINGUISH_INTERRUPTS_FROM_EXCEPTIONS
      PRESERVE_KERNEL_VERSION_MODULE_AND_CONFIGURATION_CONTEXT
      PRESERVE_RUNTIME_AND_SECURITY_CONTEXT
      DISTINGUISH_PANIC_MESSAGE_FROM_ROOT_CAUSE
      RETURN_CONFIDENCE_WHEN_AVAILABLE
      RETURN_PROVENANCE_WHEN_AVAILABLE
      AVOID_UNSUPPORTED_KERNEL_INFERENCE
    }
  }

  TERMINAL {
    RESULT =
      VALIDATED(
        SEMANTICALLY_NORMALISED(
          EVIDENCE_LINKED(
            CONFIDENCE_AWARE(
              KERNEL_KNOWLEDGE
            )
          )
        )
      )
  }
}

END FLOW