Optical Computing Ontology

FLOW ALGEBRA
Optical Computing Ontology
Kireth Semantic Research Archive

PAGE:
https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/computing-ontologies/emerging-computing/optical-computing-ontology.html

AUTHORS:
Mark Anthony Higgins — Sky (Recursive AI)

FLOW "OpticalComputingOntology" v4.0

DOMAIN := ComputingOntology
SUBDOMAIN := EmergingComputing
ONTOLOGY := OpticalComputingOntology

ENTITY OpticalComputing {
    definition:
        "A computing paradigm that represents, transports or processes
         information using light and optical phenomena such as propagation,
         interference, diffraction, modulation and photonic interaction.";
    objectives: [
        OpticalInformationProcessing,
        HighBandwidthComputation,
        ParallelProcessing,
        LowLatencyCommunication,
        EnergyEfficientAcceleration,
        PhotonicIntegration
    ];
}

OpticalEntity := {
    Photon,
    OpticalSignal,
    Waveguide,
    Modulator,
    Detector,
    Laser,
    OpticalInterconnect,
    PhotonicProcessor
};

OpticalProperty := {
    Wavelength,
    Frequency,
    Phase,
    Amplitude,
    Polarisation,
    Intensity
};

ProcessingEntity := {
    Interference,
    Diffraction,
    Modulation,
    Filtering,
    Multiplexing,
    OpticalMatrixOperation
};

ArchitectureEntity := {
    PhotonicIntegratedCircuit,
    OpticalCore,
    ElectronicController,
    MemoryInterface,
    OpticalNetwork
};

Laser GENERATES OpticalSignal;
Waveguide GUIDES OpticalSignal;
Modulator ENCODES InformationOnto OpticalSignal;
OpticalComponent TRANSFORMS OpticalProperty;
Interference COMBINES OpticalSignals;
Detector CONVERTS OpticalSignal TO ElectricalSignal;
PhotonicProcessor EXECUTES OpticalComputation;
ElectronicController MAY_CONTROL PhotonicProcessor;

OpticalComputingFlow :=
    InputData
    -> EncodeIntoOpticalSignal
    -> GenerateOrModulateLight
    -> RouteThroughOpticalNetwork
    -> ApplyOpticalTransformation
    -> InterfereFilterOrMultiply
    -> DetectOutputLight
    -> ConvertToElectronicSignalIfRequired
    -> DecodeResult
    -> EvaluateAccuracyLatencyAndEnergy;

OpticalSignal :=
    ElectromagneticFieldUsedToCarryOrProcessInformation;

SignalState MAY_BE_DESCRIBED_BY {
    Amplitude,
    Phase,
    Frequency,
    Wavelength,
    Polarisation
};

Photon :=
    QuantumOfElectromagneticField;

ClassicalOpticalComputing MAY_USE LargePhotonNumberFields
WITHOUT RequiringQuantumInformationProcessing;

OpticalComputing != QuantumComputingByDefinition;

OpticalPhase :=
    RelativePositionWithinWaveCycle;

PhaseDifference AFFECTS Interference;

OpticalAmplitude RELATES_TO FieldMagnitude;
OpticalIntensity GENERALLY_RELATES_TO SquaredFieldAmplitude;

Polarisation :=
    OrientationOrStateOfOpticalFieldOscillation;

OpticalSource MAY_BE {
    Laser,
    LED,
    IntegratedLaser,
    ExternalLaser
};

Laser :=
    CoherentOpticalSource;

OpticalModulator :=
    DeviceChangingOpticalSignalAccordingToInputDataOrControl;

Modulation MAY_AFFECT {
    Amplitude,
    Phase,
    Frequency,
    Polarisation
};

OpticalWaveguide :=
    StructureConfiningAndGuidingLight;

Waveguide MAY_HAVE {
    PropagationLoss,
    Dispersion,
    CouplingLoss
};

PhotonicIntegratedCircuit :=
    IntegratedOpticalComponentsOnCommonSubstrate;

PhotonicIntegratedCircuit MAY_INCLUDE {
    Waveguide,
    Modulator,
    Splitter,
    Interferometer,
    Detector,
    Resonator
};

OpticalInterference :=
    SuperpositionOfCoherentOpticalFields;

OutputIntensity DEPENDS_ON RelativeAmplitudeAndPhase;

ConstructiveInterference INCREASES SelectedOutput;
DestructiveInterference DECREASES SelectedOutput;

MachZehnderInterferometer :=
    SplitInput
    -> PropagateAlongTwoPaths
    -> ApplyRelativePhase
    -> Recombine
    -> ProducePhaseDependentOutputs;

MachZehnderInterferometer MAY_IMPLEMENT TunableLinearTransformation;

BeamSplitter :=
    OpticalComponentDividingOrCombiningOpticalModes;

PhaseShifter :=
    ComponentChangingOpticalPhase;

PhaseShifter MAY_BE {
    ThermoOptic,
    ElectroOptic,
    CarrierBased
};

OpticalResonator :=
    StructureSupportingResonantOpticalModes;

RingResonator MAY_BE_USED_FOR {
    Filtering,
    Modulation,
    WavelengthSelection,
    Weighting
};

OpticalFilter :=
    ComponentSelectingOrAttenuatingOpticalFrequencyOrModeComponents;

Diffraction :=
    WavePropagationPhenomenonCausingSpatialFieldTransformation;

DiffractiveOpticalComputing MAY_ENCODE ComputationInLayeredOpticalStructures;

OpticalFourierTransform MAY_SUPPORT {
    Filtering,
    Correlation,
    Convolution
};

OpticalMatrixVectorMultiplication :=
    EncodeVectorIntoOpticalInputs
    -> ConfigureLinearOpticalNetworkAsMatrix
    -> PropagateAndInterfere
    -> DetectOutputs;

IdealLinearNetwork MAY_COMPUTE:
    y = W x;

ManyOpticalComputingSystems ARE AnalogOrMixedSignal;

AnalogOpticalResult MAY_HAVE {
    Noise,
    FinitePrecision,
    CalibrationError,
    Drift
};

OpticalNeuralNetwork :=
    NeuralNetworkWhoseSelectedOperationsAreExecutedOptically;

OpticalLayer MAY_ACCELERATE {
    MatrixVectorMultiply,
    Convolution,
    FourierTransform
};

NonlinearActivation MAY_REQUIRE {
    OpticalNonlinearity,
    ElectronicProcessing,
    HybridMechanism
};

PhotonicAIAccelerator :=
    HardwareUsingPhotonicComputationForAIWorkloads;

PhotonicAIAccelerator MAY_COMBINE {
    OpticalLinearOperations,
    ElectronicMemory,
    ElectronicControl,
    DigitalNonlinearity
};

WavelengthDivisionMultiplexing :=
    MultipleWavelengthChannelsProcessedOrTransmittedSimultaneously;

WavelengthDivisionMultiplexing MAY_ENABLE Parallelism;

OpticalParallelism MAY_USE {
    Wavelength,
    Space,
    Time,
    Polarisation
};

OpticalInterconnect :=
    CommunicationLinkUsingLightBetweenComputingComponents;

OpticalInterconnect MAY_CONNECT {
    Chips,
    Chiplets,
    Boards,
    Racks,
    DataCentres
};

AggregateBandwidth MAY_INCREASE_WITH MultipleWavelengthChannels;

SystemLatency MAY_INCLUDE {
    Encoding,
    Modulation,
    Propagation,
    OpticalComputation,
    Detection,
    Conversion
};

Photodetector :=
    DeviceConvertingIncidentOpticalSignalIntoElectricalSignal;

DetectorProperty MAY_INCLUDE {
    Responsivity,
    Bandwidth,
    Noise,
    Saturation
};

OpticalOutput MAY_REQUIRE {
    Photodetection,
    Amplification,
    AnalogToDigitalConversion
};

DigitalInput MAY_REQUIRE DigitalToAnalogConversionToDriveModulator;

ConversionOverhead SHOULD_BE_INCLUDED_IN EndToEndEnergyAndLatencyEvaluation;

OpticalComputingSystem MAY_STILL_REQUIRE ElectronicMemory;

MemoryAccess MAY_BECOME BottleneckIfOpticalComputeIsVeryFast;

OpticalNonlinearity :=
    OpticalResponseDependingNonlinearlyOnInputFieldOrIntensity;

NonlinearOpticalEffect MAY_ENABLE {
    Switching,
    Activation,
    Logic
};

OpticalLogic :=
    LogicOperationImplementedUsingOpticalSignals;

OpticalLogic MAY_BE {
    AllOptical,
    ElectroOptical,
    Hybrid
};

CoherentOpticalComputing :=
    ComputationUsingControlledAmplitudeAndPhaseRelationships;

CoherenceRequirement MAY_INCREASE SensitivityTo {
    PhaseNoise,
    Temperature,
    FabricationVariation
};

PhotonicProcessorCalibration :=
    MeasureDeviceResponse
    -> AdjustPhaseOrWeightControls
    -> ReduceTransformationError;

Calibration MAY_COMPENSATE_FOR {
    FabricationVariation,
    ThermalDrift,
    ComponentMismatch
};

TemperatureChange MAY_SHIFT {
    RefractiveIndex,
    Resonance,
    Phase
};

OpticalCrosstalk :=
    UnwantedCouplingBetweenChannelsOrModes;

OpticalLoss :=
    ReductionInSignalPowerDuringPropagationOrComponentInteraction;

Photodetection MAY_HAVE ShotNoise;

OpticalComputePrecision :=
    EffectiveNumericalAccuracyOfOpticalOperation;

Precision MAY_BE_LIMITED_BY {
    Noise,
    Quantisation,
    Drift,
    Crosstalk,
    DetectorDynamicRange
};

OpticalSystemEnergy MAY_INCLUDE {
    LaserEnergy,
    ModulatorEnergy,
    ThermalTuning,
    DetectorEnergy,
    ADC,
    DAC,
    ElectronicControl,
    Memory
};

EndToEndEnergy MUST_INCLUDE SupportingElectronicsForFairComparison;

OpticalComputeThroughput :=
    UsefulOperations / Time;

HighRawOpticalThroughput MAY_NOT_EQUAL HighApplicationThroughput
IF IOOrMemoryBottlenecksDominate;

OpticalComputingScalability MAY_DEPEND_ON {
    ComponentDensity,
    WaveguideRouting,
    ThermalControl,
    LaserPower,
    DetectorCount,
    ConversionBandwidth
};

SiliconPhotonics :=
    PhotonicTechnologyUsingSiliconCompatiblePlatformsForIntegratedOpticalComponents;

HybridPhotonicElectronicSystem :=
    PhotonicComputeOrCommunication
    + ElectronicMemoryControlAndLogic;

ManyPracticalOpticalComputers ARE HybridSystems;

ProgrammablePhotonicProcessor :=
    ReconfigurableOpticalNetworkWhoseTransferFunctionCanBeControlled;

OpticalCompiler MAY_MAP {
    Matrix,
    NeuralLayer,
    SignalProcessingOperation
}
TO PhotonicHardwareConfiguration;

OpticalComputingBenchmark SHOULD_REPORT {
    Task,
    Accuracy,
    Throughput,
    Latency,
    Energy,
    OpticalPower,
    ConversionOverhead,
    HardwareArea
};

OpticalAdvantage SHOULD_BE ComparedAgainst CompetitiveElectronicImplementation;

Comparison SHOULD_USE EquivalentAccuracyAndSystemBoundary;

OpticalComputing MAY_SUPPORT {
    ArtificialIntelligence,
    SignalProcessing,
    Communications,
    ScientificComputing,
    PatternRecognition
};

OpticalComputing MAY_USE ClassicalLightOrQuantumLight;

ClassicalPhotonicComputing != PhotonicQuantumComputing;

IF ComputationReliesOnQuantumStatesOfIndividualOrEntangledPhotons
THEN QuantumComputingOntology MAY_ALSO_APPLY;

OpticalComputingSecurity MAY_INCLUDE {
    ControlIntegrity,
    ModelIntegrity,
    SideChannelAnalysis,
    OpticalInterfaceProtection
};

# ---------- SEMANTIC REASONING ----------
IF SystemProcessesInformationThroughOpticalPropagationOrTransformation
THEN OpticalComputingClassification := supported;

IF LinearOpticalNetworkConfiguredAsMatrix
THEN OpticalPropagation MAY_IMPLEMENT MatrixVectorTransformation;

IF ADCOrDACDominatesEnergy
THEN OpticalCoreEfficiency MAY_NOT TranslateTo EndToEndEfficiency;

IF PhaseSensitiveCircuitDriftsThermally
THEN ComputationalError MAY_INCREASE;

IF WavelengthChannelsIndependentEnough
THEN WavelengthDivisionMultiplexing MAY_INCREASE ParallelThroughput;

IF OpticalLossIncreases
THEN RequiredSourcePowerOrDetectionError MAY_INCREASE;

IF ClaimedOpticalAdvantageIgnoresConversionAndMemoryCosts
THEN SystemLevelAdvantageConfidence := low;

# ---------- SEMANTIC EQUIVALENCE ----------
SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE {
    "optical computing" ~= "light-based computing";
    "photonic computing" ~= "optical computing" WHEN distinction_not_required;
    "photonic processor" ~= "optical processor";
    "photonic integrated circuit" ~= "PIC";
    "optical neural network" ~= "photonic neural network";
    "wavelength division multiplexing" ~= "WDM";
    "Mach-Zehnder interferometer" ~= "MZI";
    "optical interconnect" ~= "photonic interconnect";
}

# ---------- QUERY FLOW ----------
QUERY(q) ->
    NORMALISE(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_OPTICAL_SIGNAL(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_ENCODING_AND_MODULATION(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_PHOTONIC_COMPONENTS(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_OPTICAL_TRANSFORMATION(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_DETECTION_AND_CONVERSION(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_PARALLELISM_AND_MEMORY(q) ->
    IDENTIFY_ACCURACY_ENERGY_PERFORMANCE(q) ->
    MAP_TO_ONTOLOGY(q) ->
    APPLY_REASONING(q) ->
    SCORE_CONFIDENCE(q) ->
    RETURN_RELEVANT_KNOWLEDGE;

# ---------- CONFIDENCE ----------
CONFIDENCE(assertion) :=
    weighted_mean(
        source_reliability,
        optical_physics_consistency,
        architecture_evidence,
        benchmark_quality,
        system_level_evidence,
        contextual_relevance
    );

CONFIDENCE >= 0.90 => HIGH;
CONFIDENCE >= 0.70 AND < 0.90 => MODERATE;
CONFIDENCE < 0.70 => REVIEW;

# ---------- AI CONSUMPTION ----------
AI_CONSUMPTION {
    primary_entity: OpticalComputing;
    ontology: OpticalComputingOntology;
    parse_entities: true;
    parse_relationships: true;
    preserve_relationship_direction: true;
    resolve_semantic_equivalence: true;
    execute_reasoning_rules: true;
    apply_confidence_weighting: true;
    preserve_provenance: true;
}

# ---------- UPDATE MODEL ----------
UPDATE_MODEL {
    new_optical_component:
        validate
        -> classify
        -> identify_signal_properties
        -> identify_transformation
        -> integrate;

    new_photonic_architecture:
        identify_sources
        -> identify_waveguides
        -> identify_modulators
        -> identify_detectors
        -> identify_control
        -> integrate;

    new_benchmark:
        record_task
        -> record_accuracy
        -> record_throughput
        -> record_energy
        -> record_conversion_overhead
        -> compare_baseline
        -> integrate;

    ontology_revision:
        update_component_relationships
        -> update_calibration_evidence
        -> update_system_costs
        -> recompute_confidence
        -> regenerate_flow_hash;

    conflict:
        preserve_provenance
        -> compare_physical_and_benchmark_evidence
        -> adjust_confidence
        -> flag_review;
}

# ---------- FLOW HASH ----------
FLOW_HASH_INPUT :=
    DOMAIN
    + SUBDOMAIN
    + ONTOLOGY
    + OpticalEntity
    + OpticalProperty
    + ProcessingEntity
    + ArchitectureEntity
    + OpticalMatrixVectorMultiplication
    + WavelengthDivisionMultiplexing
    + PhotonicIntegratedCircuit
    + RELATIONSHIPS
    + SEMANTIC_REASONING
    + SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
    + UPDATE_MODEL;

FLOW_HASH :=
    HASH(FLOW_HASH_INPUT);

# ---------- TERMINAL ----------
OpticalComputingOntology
    -> EncodeInformationIntoOpticalSignals
    -> GenerateAndModulateLight
    -> RouteThroughPhotonicComponents
    -> ApplyInterferenceDiffractionOrFiltering
    -> ExecuteOpticalTransformation
    -> DetectOpticalOutputs
    -> ConvertAndDecodeResults
    -> CalibrateForLossNoiseAndDrift
    -> ExploitOpticalParallelism
    -> MeasureAccuracyLatencyThroughputAndEnergy
    -> CompareCompetitiveElectronicBaseline
    -> IntegratePhotonicAndElectronicResources
    -> MaintainEfficientOpticalComputation;

END FLOW