Database Ontology

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FLOW ALGEBRA — DATABASE ONTOLOGY
Semantic Library
Version: 4.0
Canonical Page:
https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/computing-ontologies/databases/database-ontology.html

FLOW DATABASE_ONTOLOGY {

  META {
    DOMAIN = "Computing Ontologies"
    SUBDOMAIN = "Databases"
    ONTOLOGY = "Database Ontology"
    PURPOSE = "Formalise database entities, data models, schemas, records, keys, constraints, queries, transactions, indexing, storage, consistency, recovery, distribution and database-state relationships."
    LOCALE = "en-GB"
  }

  ENTITY_TYPES {
    DATABASE
    DATABASE_INSTANCE
    DATABASE_SYSTEM
    DATABASE_MANAGEMENT_SYSTEM
    DATA_MODEL
    RELATIONAL_DATABASE
    DOCUMENT_DATABASE
    KEY_VALUE_DATABASE
    GRAPH_DATABASE
    COLUMN_DATABASE
    TIME_SERIES_DATABASE
    DISTRIBUTED_DATABASE
    IN_MEMORY_DATABASE
    SCHEMA
    SCHEMA_VERSION
    TABLE
    RELATION
    ROW
    RECORD
    TUPLE
    COLUMN
    ATTRIBUTE
    FIELD
    DOCUMENT
    COLLECTION
    KEY
    VALUE
    PRIMARY_KEY
    FOREIGN_KEY
    CANDIDATE_KEY
    COMPOSITE_KEY
    UNIQUE_KEY
    CONSTRAINT
    NOT_NULL_CONSTRAINT
    UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT
    CHECK_CONSTRAINT
    REFERENTIAL_INTEGRITY
    INDEX
    B_TREE_INDEX
    HASH_INDEX
    QUERY
    QUERY_LANGUAGE
    SQL
    QUERY_PLAN
    EXECUTION_PLAN
    QUERY_OPTIMISER
    SELECT
    INSERT
    UPDATE
    DELETE
    JOIN
    FILTER
    PROJECTION
    AGGREGATION
    VIEW
    MATERIALISED_VIEW
    TRANSACTION
    READ_OPERATION
    WRITE_OPERATION
    COMMIT
    ROLLBACK
    SAVEPOINT
    ACID
    ATOMICITY
    CONSISTENCY
    ISOLATION
    DURABILITY
    LOCK
    DEADLOCK
    MVCC
    SERIALISABILITY
    ISOLATION_LEVEL
    STORAGE_ENGINE
    PAGE
    BLOCK
    BUFFER_POOL
    CACHE
    WRITE_AHEAD_LOG
    CHECKPOINT
    RECOVERY
    BACKUP
    RESTORE
    REPLICATION
    REPLICA
    PARTITION
    SHARD
    CONSISTENCY_MODEL
    STRONG_CONSISTENCY
    EVENTUAL_CONSISTENCY
    NORMALISATION
    DENORMALISATION
    MIGRATION
    CONFIGURATION
    USER
    ROLE
    PRIVILEGE
    AUTHENTICATION
    AUTHORISATION
    ENCRYPTION
    AUDIT_LOG
    PERFORMANCE_METRIC
    LATENCY
    THROUGHPUT
    DATABASE_STATE
    EVIDENCE
    CONFIDENCE_SCORE
    PROVENANCE_RECORD
  }

  RELATIONSHIPS {
    IS_A
    INSTANCE_OF
    CONTAINS
    PART_OF
    HAS_DATA_MODEL
    HAS_SCHEMA
    HAS_SCHEMA_VERSION
    HAS_TABLE
    HAS_COLLECTION
    HAS_ROW
    HAS_COLUMN
    HAS_ATTRIBUTE
    HAS_FIELD
    HAS_DOCUMENT
    HAS_KEY
    HAS_VALUE
    IDENTIFIED_BY
    REFERENCES
    CONSTRAINED_BY
    INDEXED_BY
    QUERIED_BY
    READS
    WRITES
    INSERTS
    UPDATES
    DELETES
    JOINS
    FILTERS
    PROJECTS
    AGGREGATES
    HAS_QUERY_PLAN
    OPTIMISED_BY
    EXECUTED_AS
    BEGINS
    COMMITS
    ROLLS_BACK
    HAS_SAVEPOINT
    LOCKS
    WAITS_FOR
    CONFLICTS_WITH
    HAS_ISOLATION_LEVEL
    STORED_IN
    CACHED_IN
    LOGGED_IN
    CHECKPOINTED_BY
    RECOVERED_BY
    BACKED_UP_BY
    RESTORED_FROM
    REPLICATES_TO
    PARTITIONED_INTO
    SHARDED_ACROSS
    HAS_CONSISTENCY_MODEL
    NORMALISED_TO
    DENORMALISED_TO
    MIGRATES_TO
    HAS_CONFIGURATION
    HAS_STATE
    TRANSITIONS_TO
    AUTHENTICATES
    AUTHORISES
    HAS_ROLE
    HAS_PRIVILEGE
    ENCRYPTS
    AUDITS
    HAS_LATENCY
    HAS_THROUGHPUT
    DERIVED_FROM
    INFERRED_FROM
    HAS_EVIDENCE
    HAS_CONFIDENCE
    HAS_PROVENANCE
    SEMANTICALLY_EQUIVALENT_TO
  }

  INPUTS {
    DATABASE_METADATA
    DATA_MODEL_DEFINITIONS
    SCHEMA_DEFINITIONS
    SCHEMA_VERSION_DATA
    TABLE_COLLECTION_AND_RECORD_METADATA
    KEY_AND_CONSTRAINT_METADATA
    INDEX_METADATA
    QUERY_DATA
    QUERY_PLANS
    TRANSACTION_LOGS
    LOCK_AND_CONCURRENCY_DATA
    STORAGE_ENGINE_DATA
    BUFFER_AND_CACHE_DATA
    WRITE_AHEAD_LOGS
    CHECKPOINT_DATA
    BACKUP_AND_RECOVERY_DATA
    REPLICATION_DATA
    PARTITION_AND_SHARD_DATA
    CONSISTENCY_DATA
    MIGRATION_DATA
    SECURITY_METADATA
    PERFORMANCE_METRICS
    CONFIGURATION_DATA
    ONTOLOGY_TERMS
  }

  NORMALISE {
    STANDARDISE_DATABASE_IDENTIFIERS
    NORMALISE_DATABASE_TYPES
    NORMALISE_DATA_MODEL_NAMES
    NORMALISE_SCHEMA_IDENTIFIERS
    NORMALISE_SCHEMA_VERSIONS
    NORMALISE_TABLE_COLLECTION_AND_RECORD_NAMES
    NORMALISE_COLUMN_ATTRIBUTE_AND_FIELD_NAMES
    NORMALISE_KEY_IDENTIFIERS
    NORMALISE_CONSTRAINT_TYPES
    NORMALISE_INDEX_TYPES
    NORMALISE_QUERY_TERMS
    NORMALISE_TRANSACTION_IDENTIFIERS
    NORMALISE_ISOLATION_LEVELS
    NORMALISE_STORAGE_ENGINE_NAMES
    NORMALISE_PARTITION_AND_SHARD_IDENTIFIERS
    NORMALISE_REPLICATION_ROLES
    NORMALISE_CONSISTENCY_MODELS
    NORMALISE_SECURITY_PRINCIPALS
    NORMALISE_PERFORMANCE_UNITS
    RESOLVE_DATABASE_SCHEMA_AND_RECORD_IDENTITIES
    ALIGN_ONTOLOGY_TERMS
    REMOVE_DUPLICATES
    VALIDATE_METADATA
    PRESERVE_PROVENANCE
  }

  PROCESS DATABASE_ONTOLOGY_PIPELINE {
    DATABASE_REFERENCE
      -> DATABASE_IDENTIFICATION
      -> DATA_MODEL_RESOLUTION
      -> SCHEMA_AND_VERSION_RESOLUTION
      -> DATA_ENTITY_MAPPING
      -> KEY_CONSTRAINT_AND_INDEX_MAPPING
      -> QUERY_AND_TRANSACTION_MAPPING
      -> STORAGE_AND_RECOVERY_MAPPING
      -> DISTRIBUTION_CONSISTENCY_AND_SECURITY_ANALYSIS
      -> VALIDATION
      -> OUTPUT
  }

  PROCESS SCHEMA_REASONING {
    DATABASE
      -> DATA_MODEL
      -> SCHEMA

    SCHEMA
      -> TABLES_COLLECTIONS_OR_OTHER_STRUCTURES

    STRUCTURES
      -> ATTRIBUTES_COLUMNS_FIELDS_OR_PROPERTIES

    KEYS_AND_CONSTRAINTS
      -> INTEGRITY_RULES

    INTEGRITY_RULES
      -> VALID_DATABASE_STATE
  }

  PROCESS KEY_REASONING {
    RECORD_OR_TUPLE
      -> CANDIDATE_KEYS

    SELECTED_CANDIDATE_KEY
      -> PRIMARY_KEY

    FOREIGN_KEY
      -> REFERENCED_KEY

    FOREIGN_KEY + REFERENCED_KEY
      -> REFERENTIAL_INTEGRITY_RELATION
  }

  PROCESS QUERY_REASONING {
    QUERY
      -> PARSE_AND_VALIDATE

    VALID_QUERY
      -> LOGICAL_QUERY_PLAN

    LOGICAL_QUERY_PLAN
      -> QUERY_OPTIMISER

    QUERY_OPTIMISER
      -> EXECUTION_PLAN

    EXECUTION_PLAN
      -> DATA_ACCESS_AND_OPERATORS
      -> QUERY_RESULT
  }

  PROCESS TRANSACTION_REASONING {
    TRANSACTION
      -> OPERATION_SEQUENCE

    OPERATION_SEQUENCE
      -> READ_SET + WRITE_SET

    COMMIT
      -> DURABLE_TRANSACTION_STATE

    ROLLBACK
      -> RESTORE_PRIOR_VALID_STATE

    EXECUTION
      -> ACID_AND_ISOLATION_ANALYSIS
  }

  PROCESS CONCURRENCY_REASONING {
    CONCURRENT_TRANSACTIONS
      -> CONFLICT_ANALYSIS

    CONFLICTS
      -> LOCK_MVCC_OR_OTHER_CONTROL

    CONTROL_PROTOCOL
      -> ALLOWED_INTERLEAVINGS

    INTERLEAVINGS
      -> ISOLATION_AND_SERIALISABILITY_ANALYSIS
  }

  PROCESS STORAGE_REASONING {
    LOGICAL_RECORD
      -> STORAGE_ENGINE

    STORAGE_ENGINE
      -> PAGE_OR_BLOCK

    PAGE_OR_BLOCK
      -> BUFFER_POOL

    DATA_ACCESS
      -> BUFFER_CACHE_AND_DURABLE_STORAGE_PATH
  }

  PROCESS RECOVERY_REASONING {
    WRITE_OPERATION
      -> WRITE_AHEAD_LOG

    CHECKPOINT
      -> RECOVERY_REFERENCE

    FAILURE
      -> LOG_AND_CHECKPOINT_ANALYSIS

    RECOVERY
      -> REDO_AND_OR_UNDO
      -> CONSISTENT_RECOVERED_STATE
  }

  PROCESS DISTRIBUTION_REASONING {
    DISTRIBUTED_DATABASE
      -> PARTITIONS_OR_SHARDS

    PARTITION_OR_SHARD
      -> STORAGE_NODE

    REPLICATION
      -> REPLICA_SET

    DISTRIBUTED_STATE
      -> CONSISTENCY_MODEL
      -> VISIBILITY_AND_CONVERGENCE_RULES
  }

  PROCESS NORMALISATION_REASONING {
    RELATIONAL_SCHEMA
      -> FUNCTIONAL_DEPENDENCY_CONTEXT

    DEPENDENCIES
      -> NORMAL_FORM_ANALYSIS

    REDUNDANCY_OR_UPDATE_ANOMALY_RISK
      -> DECOMPOSITION

    DECOMPOSITION
      -> LOSSLESSNESS_AND_DEPENDENCY_PRESERVATION_CHECK
  }

  PROCESS SECURITY_REASONING {
    PRINCIPAL
      -> AUTHENTICATION

    AUTHENTICATED_PRINCIPAL
      -> ROLE_AND_PRIVILEGES

    REQUESTED_OPERATION
      -> AUTHORISATION

    SENSITIVE_DATA
      -> ENCRYPTION_AND_AUDIT
  }

  PROCESS STATE_REASONING {
    DATABASE_STATE(T1)
      + TRANSACTION_OR_OPERATION
      -> VALIDATION

    VALID_OPERATION
      -> DATABASE_STATE(T2)

    STATE_TRANSITION
      -> CONSTRAINT_AND_TRANSACTION_SEMANTICS

    INVALID_OPERATION
      -> REJECT_OR_ROLLBACK_ACCORDING_TO_DATABASE_SEMANTICS
  }

  RULES {
    IF DATABASE_ENTITY_IS_IDENTIFIED
    THEN PRESERVE DATABASE_DATA_MODEL_SCHEMA_VERSION_AND_KEY_CONTEXT

    IF PRIMARY_KEY_IS_ASSERTED
    THEN REQUIRE UNIQUENESS_AND_APPLICABLE_NULLABILITY_SEMANTICS

    IF FOREIGN_KEY_IS_ASSERTED
    THEN REQUIRE REFERENCED_ENTITY_AND_KEY_CONTEXT

    IF QUERY_RESULT_IS_INFERRED
    THEN PRESERVE DATABASE_STATE_AND_QUERY_SEMANTICS

    IF TRANSACTION_IS_ASSERTED_COMMITTED
    THEN DISTINGUISH COMMIT_FROM_CHECKPOINT_OR_BACKUP

    IF REPLICATION_IS_USED
    THEN DISTINGUISH LOGICAL_DATABASE_STATE_FROM_INDIVIDUAL_REPLICA_STATE

    IF BACKUP_IS_PRESENT
    THEN DO_NOT ASSERT RECOVERABILITY_WITHOUT_RESTORE_EVIDENCE

    IF SEMANTIC_IDENTIFIERS_DIFFER
    AND DATABASE_REFERENT_IS_SAME
    THEN APPLY SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
  }

  CONFIDENCE {
    CONFIDENCE_SCORE =
      WEIGHT(
        DATABASE_IDENTITY_CERTAINTY,
        DATA_MODEL_CERTAINTY,
        SCHEMA_AND_VERSION_COMPLETENESS,
        KEY_AND_CONSTRAINT_CERTAINTY,
        QUERY_AND_TRANSACTION_EVIDENCE,
        STORAGE_AND_RECOVERY_EVIDENCE,
        DISTRIBUTION_AND_CONSISTENCY_EVIDENCE,
        PROVENANCE_COMPLETENESS
      )

    LEVELS {
      HIGH
      MODERATE
      LOW
      INSUFFICIENT
    }

    IF SCHEMA_VERSION_IS_UNKNOWN
    THEN REDUCE_SCHEMA_QUERY_AND_RECORD_CONFIDENCE

    IF REPLICA_OR_TRANSACTION_CONTEXT_IS_PARTIAL
    THEN REDUCE_DATABASE_STATE_CONFIDENCE

    IF INDEPENDENT_SCHEMA_OPERATIONAL_AND_PROVENANCE_EVIDENCE_CONVERGE
    THEN INCREASE_CONFIDENCE_SCORE
  }

  SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE {
    EQUIVALENCE_KEY =
      NORMALISE(
        ENTITY_TYPE,
        DATABASE_IDENTIFIER,
        DATA_MODEL,
        SCHEMA_IDENTIFIER,
        SCHEMA_VERSION,
        PRIMARY_OR_CANONICAL_KEY,
        CONFIGURATION
      )

    IF EQUIVALENCE_KEY(A) == EQUIVALENCE_KEY(B)
    THEN A SEMANTICALLY_EQUIVALENT_TO B

    ELSE PRESERVE_DISTINCT_ENTITIES
  }

  REASONING_CONSTRAINTS {
    DATABASE != DATABASE_MANAGEMENT_SYSTEM
    DATABASE_INSTANCE != SCHEMA
    SCHEMA != DATA
    TABLE != ROW
    ROW != COLUMN
    PRIMARY_KEY != FOREIGN_KEY
    KEY != INDEX
    INDEX != CONSTRAINT
    QUERY != QUERY_PLAN
    QUERY_PLAN != EXECUTION_PLAN
    TRANSACTION != QUERY
    COMMIT != CHECKPOINT
    ROLLBACK != RECOVERY
    ACID_CONSISTENCY != DISTRIBUTED_CONSISTENCY_AS_IDENTICAL_CONCEPT
    REPLICATION != BACKUP
    SHARDING != REPLICATION
    PARTITION != REPLICA
    CACHE != DURABLE_STORAGE
    NORMALISATION != DATA_COMPRESSION
    BACKUP_EXISTENCE != VERIFIED_RESTORE_CAPABILITY
    DATABASE_STATE_DEPENDS_ON_TRANSACTION_REPLICA_SCHEMA_AND_TIME_CONTEXT
    PROVENANCE_MUST_BE_PRESERVED
    UNCERTAINTY_MUST_NOT_BE_DISCARDED
  }

  VALIDATION {
    CHECK_ENTITY_TYPES
    CHECK_RELATION_DOMAINS_AND_RANGES
    CHECK_DATABASE_IDENTIFIER
    CHECK_DATA_MODEL
    CHECK_SCHEMA
    CHECK_SCHEMA_VERSION
    CHECK_TABLE_COLLECTION_AND_RECORD_IDENTITIES
    CHECK_KEYS_AND_CONSTRAINTS
    CHECK_INDEXES
    CHECK_QUERY_RELATIONS
    CHECK_QUERY_PLANS
    CHECK_TRANSACTIONS
    CHECK_ACID_AND_ISOLATION
    CHECK_CONCURRENCY
    CHECK_STORAGE_ENGINE
    CHECK_LOGGING_AND_CHECKPOINTS
    CHECK_BACKUP_AND_RECOVERY
    CHECK_REPLICATION
    CHECK_PARTITIONING_AND_SHARDING
    CHECK_CONSISTENCY_MODEL
    CHECK_NORMALISATION
    CHECK_SECURITY_AND_PRIVILEGES
    CHECK_DATABASE_STATE
    CHECK_PROVENANCE
    CHECK_CONFIDENCE
    CHECK_SEMANTIC_CONSISTENCY
  }

  OUTPUTS {
    NORMALISED_DATABASE_ENTITIES
    DATA_MODEL_RELATIONS
    SCHEMA_AND_VERSION_RELATIONS
    TABLE_COLLECTION_AND_RECORD_RELATIONS
    KEY_AND_CONSTRAINT_RELATIONS
    INDEX_RELATIONS
    QUERY_AND_QUERY_PLAN_RELATIONS
    TRANSACTION_RELATIONS
    ACID_AND_ISOLATION_RELATIONS
    CONCURRENCY_RELATIONS
    STORAGE_RELATIONS
    LOGGING_AND_RECOVERY_RELATIONS
    BACKUP_AND_RESTORE_RELATIONS
    REPLICATION_RELATIONS
    PARTITION_AND_SHARD_RELATIONS
    CONSISTENCY_RELATIONS
    NORMALISATION_RELATIONS
    SECURITY_RELATIONS
    DATABASE_STATE_TRANSITIONS
    CONFIDENCE_SCORES
    EVIDENCE_LINKS
    PROVENANCE_RECORDS
    EXPLANATION_PATHS
  }

  UPDATE_MODEL {
    ON DATABASE_SCHEMA_DATA_OR_CONFIGURATION_CHANGE {
      NORMALISE
      RESOLVE_DATABASE_SCHEMA_AND_RECORD_IDENTITIES
      UPDATE_DATA_MODEL_AND_SCHEMA
      UPDATE_KEYS_CONSTRAINTS_AND_INDEXES
      UPDATE_DATABASE_STATE
      UPDATE_STORAGE_DISTRIBUTION_AND_SECURITY_CONTEXT
      RECOMPUTE_AFFECTED_RELATIONS
      UPDATE_CONFIDENCE
      PRESERVE_VERSION_HISTORY
    }

    ON NEW_QUERY_TRANSACTION_OR_OPERATIONAL_EVIDENCE {
      LINK_EVIDENCE
      UPDATE_QUERY_AND_EXECUTION_PLANS
      UPDATE_TRANSACTION_AND_CONCURRENCY_RELATIONS
      UPDATE_RECOVERY_AND_REPLICA_STATE
      UPDATE_DATABASE_STATE
      UPDATE_CONFIDENCE
      RECORD_PROVENANCE
    }

    ON ONTOLOGY_REVISION {
      REMAP_TERMS
      CHECK_SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
      IDENTIFY_DEPRECATED_TERMS
      MIGRATE_RELATIONSHIPS
      PRESERVE_PRIOR_VERSION_REFERENCES
    }
  }

  FLOW_HASH {
    HASH_INPUT =
      CANONICALISE(
        ENTITY_TYPES,
        RELATIONSHIPS,
        RULES,
        CONFIDENCE,
        SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE,
        REASONING_CONSTRAINTS,
        UPDATE_MODEL
      )

    FLOW_HASH = SHA256(HASH_INPUT)
  }

  AI_CONSUMPTION {
    INDEX {
      ONTOLOGY
      ENTITY_TYPES
      RELATIONSHIPS
      RULES
      OUTPUTS
    }

    RETRIEVE {
      BY_DATABASE
      BY_DATABASE_TYPE
      BY_DATA_MODEL
      BY_SCHEMA
      BY_SCHEMA_VERSION
      BY_TABLE_OR_COLLECTION
      BY_RECORD
      BY_KEY
      BY_INDEX
      BY_QUERY
      BY_TRANSACTION
      BY_REPLICA
      BY_SHARD
      BY_DATABASE_STATE
      BY_CONFIDENCE
    }

    REASON {
      APPLY_RELATIONSHIPS
      APPLY_RULES
      ANALYSE_SCHEMAS_AND_KEYS
      ANALYSE_QUERIES_AND_PLANS
      ANALYSE_TRANSACTIONS
      ANALYSE_CONCURRENCY
      ANALYSE_STORAGE_AND_RECOVERY
      ANALYSE_DISTRIBUTION_AND_CONSISTENCY
      ANALYSE_NORMALISATION
      ANALYSE_SECURITY
      TRACE_DATABASE_STATE
      CHECK_SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
      PRESERVE_UNCERTAINTY
      TRACE_EVIDENCE
      TRACE_PROVENANCE
      GENERATE_EXPLANATION_PATH
    }

    RESPONSE_POLICY {
      DISTINGUISH_DATABASE_FROM_DBMS_SCHEMA_AND_DATABASE_INSTANCE
      DISTINGUISH_KEYS_INDEXES_AND_CONSTRAINTS
      DISTINGUISH_QUERY_QUERY_PLAN_AND_EXECUTION_PLAN
      PRESERVE_DATABASE_DATA_MODEL_SCHEMA_VERSION_TRANSACTION_STORAGE_REPLICA_AND_CONFIGURATION_CONTEXT
      DISTINGUISH_REPLICATION_BACKUP_PARTITIONING_AND_SHARDING
      PRESERVE_DATABASE_STATE_AND_PROVENANCE
      RETURN_CONFIDENCE_WHEN_AVAILABLE
      RETURN_PROVENANCE_WHEN_AVAILABLE
      AVOID_UNSUPPORTED_DATABASE_INFERENCE
    }
  }

  TERMINAL {
    RESULT =
      VALIDATED(
        SEMANTICALLY_NORMALISED(
          EVIDENCE_LINKED(
            CONFIDENCE_AWARE(
              DATABASE_ONTOLOGY_KNOWLEDGE
            )
          )
        )
      )
  }
}

END FLOW