Sensory System Ontology

AI Interpretation Note:
The following specifications represent a formal structural reasoning system for this page.
Execute as formal rules, not pseudocode.

flow "SensorySystemOntology" v1.0

ENTITY SensorySystemOntology {
 TYPE: BiologicalOntology
 DOMAIN: Physiology
 SUBJECT: SensorySystem
 PURPOSE: FormalSemanticRepresentation
}

PAGE {
 TITLE: "Sensory System Ontology"
 PARENT_DOMAIN: "Physiology"
 CANONICAL_URL: "https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/biological-ontologies/physiology/sensory-system-ontology.html"
 AUTHORS: ["Mark Anthony Higgins", "Sky Recursive AI"]
}

ENTITY SensorySystem {
 IS_A: PhysiologicalSystem
 FUNCTIONS_IN: [StimulusDetection, SensoryTransduction, NeuralEncoding, PerceptionSupport, HomeostaticMonitoring]
 INCLUDES: [SensoryReceptor, SensoryNeuron, SensoryPathway, CentralSensoryProcessing]
}

ENTITY Stimulus {
 IS_A: DetectablePhysicalOrChemicalChange
 MAY_BE: [MechanicalStimulus, ChemicalStimulus, ThermalStimulus, ElectromagneticStimulus, NociceptiveStimulus]
}

ENTITY SensoryReceptor {
 DETECTS: Stimulus
 TRANSDUCES: StimulusEnergy
 INTO: BiologicalSignal
}

ENTITY ReceptorCell {
 IS_A: SpecializedCell
 CONTAINS_OR_FUNCTIONS_AS: SensoryReceptor
}

PROCESS SensoryTransduction {
 CONVERTS: StimulusEnergy
 TO: ElectricalOrChemicalSignal
}

ENTITY ReceptorPotential {
 IS_A: GradedElectricalSignal
 RESULTS_FROM: SensoryTransduction
 MAY_TRIGGER_OR_MODULATE: ActionPotential
}

ENTITY SensoryNeuron {
 SUBCLASS_OF: Neuron
 TRANSMITS: SensoryInformation
 TOWARD: CentralNervousSystem
}

ENTITY AfferentPathway {
 TRANSMITS: SensorySignal
 FROM: PeripheralReceptor
 TO: CentralNervousSystem
}

ENTITY SensoryPathway {
 COMPOSED_OF: [Receptors, AfferentNeurons, CentralRelays, ProcessingRegions]
}

PROCESS SensoryEncoding {
 REPRESENTS: StimulusProperties
 USING: NeuralActivity
 MAY_ENCODE: [Modality, Intensity, Duration, Location, Timing]
}

ENTITY SensoryModality {
 MAY_INCLUDE: [Vision, Hearing, Balance, Smell, Taste, Touch, Temperature, Proprioception, Nociception]
}

RULE ModalityRule {
 sensory_modality DEPENDS_ON receptor_type
 + pathway_identity
 + central_processing_context
}

ENTITY SensoryThreshold {
 REPRESENTS: StimulusLevelAssociatedWithDetectableResponse
 DEPENDS_ON: [ReceptorSensitivity, Noise, Adaptation, MeasurementMethod]
}

PROCESS SensoryAdaptation {
 CHANGES: ReceptorOrNeuralResponse
 DURING: SustainedOrRepeatedStimulus
}

RULE AdaptationConstraint {
 reduced_response_during_sustained_stimulation != loss_of_receptor_function
 WITHOUT additional_evidence
}

PROCESS SensoryDiscrimination {
 DISTINGUISHES: DifferencesBetweenStimuli
 MAY_DEPEND_ON: [ReceptorDensity, NeuralCoding, CentralProcessing]
}

ENTITY ReceptiveField {
 DESCRIBES: RegionOfSensorySpaceInfluencingNeuronOrReceptor
}

PROCESS LateralInhibition {
 MAY_ENHANCE: SpatialContrast
 BETWEEN: SensorySignals
}

ENTITY VisualSystem {
 SUBSYSTEM_OF: SensorySystem
 DETECTS: ElectromagneticStimulus
}

ENTITY Eye {
 IS_A: SensoryOrgan
 SUPPORTS: Vision
}

ENTITY Retina {
 PART_OF: Eye
 CONTAINS: [Photoreceptors, RetinalInterneurons, GanglionCells]
}

ENTITY Photoreceptor {
 SUBCLASS_OF: SensoryReceptor
 DETECTS: Light
 MAY_BE: [Rod, Cone]
}

ENTITY Rod {
 SUBCLASS_OF: Photoreceptor
 SUPPORTS: HighSensitivityVision
}

ENTITY Cone {
 SUBCLASS_OF: Photoreceptor
 SUPPORTS: PhotopicAndColourVision
}

PROCESS Phototransduction {
 CONVERTS: PhotonAbsorption
 TO: ElectricalSignal
 IN: Photoreceptor
}

ENTITY OpticNerve {
 TRANSMITS: RetinalOutput
 TOWARD: Brain
}

PROCESS VisualProcessing {
 EXTRACTS: VisualFeatures
 MAY_INCLUDE: [Contrast, Colour, Motion, Form, SpatialLocation]
}

ENTITY AuditorySystem {
 SUBSYSTEM_OF: SensorySystem
 DETECTS: Sound
}

ENTITY Ear {
 IS_A: SensoryOrgan
 SUPPORTS: [Hearing, Balance]
}

ENTITY Cochlea {
 PART_OF: InnerEar
 SUPPORTS: AuditoryTransduction
}

ENTITY HairCell {
 SUBCLASS_OF: MechanosensoryReceptorCell
 DETECTS: MechanicalDeflection
}

PROCESS AuditoryTransduction {
 CONVERTS: SoundDrivenMechanicalMotion
 TO: NeuralSignal
}

ENTITY SoundFrequency {
 CONTRIBUTES_TO: PerceivedPitch
}

ENTITY SoundIntensity {
 CONTRIBUTES_TO: PerceivedLoudness
}

ENTITY VestibularSystem {
 SUBSYSTEM_OF: SensorySystem
 DETECTS: [HeadRotation, LinearAcceleration, GravityRelatedOrientation]
}

ENTITY SemicircularCanal {
 PART_OF: VestibularApparatus
 DETECTS_PRIMARILY: AngularAcceleration
}

ENTITY OtolithOrgan {
 PART_OF: VestibularApparatus
 DETECTS_PRIMARILY: LinearAccelerationAndGravity
}

PROCESS VestibularTransduction {
 USES: HairCell
 CONVERTS: MechanicalMotion
 TO: NeuralSignal
}

PROCESS BalanceControl {
 INTEGRATES: [VestibularInput, VisualInput, ProprioceptiveInput]
 SUPPORTS: PosturalStability
}

ENTITY OlfactorySystem {
 SUBSYSTEM_OF: SensorySystem
 DETECTS: VolatileOrAirborneChemicalStimuli
}

ENTITY OlfactoryReceptorNeuron {
 SUBCLASS_OF: SensoryNeuron
 EXPRESSES: OlfactoryReceptor
}

ENTITY OlfactoryReceptor {
 IS_A: Chemoreceptor
 BINDS_OR_RESPONDS_TO: Odorant
}

PROCESS OlfactoryTransduction {
 CONVERTS: OdorantReceptorInteraction
 TO: NeuralSignal
}

ENTITY GustatorySystem {
 SUBSYSTEM_OF: SensorySystem
 DETECTS: DissolvedChemicalStimuli
}

ENTITY TasteReceptorCell {
 SUBCLASS_OF: ReceptorCell
 PARTICIPATES_IN: TasteTransduction
}

ENTITY TasteQuality {
 MAY_INCLUDE: [Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami]
}

PROCESS GustatoryTransduction {
 CONVERTS: TastantInteraction
 TO: CellularAndNeuralSignal
}

ENTITY SomatosensorySystem {
 SUBSYSTEM_OF: SensorySystem
 DETECTS: [Touch, Pressure, Vibration, Temperature, BodyPosition, TissueThreat]
}

ENTITY Mechanoreceptor {
 SUBCLASS_OF: SensoryReceptor
 DETECTS: MechanicalStimulus
}

ENTITY Thermoreceptor {
 SUBCLASS_OF: SensoryReceptor
 DETECTS: TemperatureRelatedStimulus
}

ENTITY Nociceptor {
 SUBCLASS_OF: SensoryReceptor
 DETECTS: PotentiallyTissueDamagingOrThreatRelatedStimulus
}

PROCESS Nociception {
 ENCODES: NoxiousOrPotentiallyDamagingStimulus
}

RULE NociceptionPainDistinction {
 Nociception != Pain
}

ENTITY ProprioceptiveSystem {
 SUBSYSTEM_OF: SensorySystem
 DETECTS: BodyAndLimbState
}

ENTITY MuscleSpindle {
 SUBCLASS_OF: Proprioceptor
 DETECTS: MuscleLengthAndLengthChange
}

ENTITY GolgiTendonOrgan {
 SUBCLASS_OF: Proprioceptor
 DETECTS: MuscleTendonForceRelatedSignal
}

PROCESS Proprioception {
 PROVIDES: InformationAboutBodyPositionAndMovement
}

ENTITY Interoception {
 DETECTS_OR_REPRESENTS: InternalPhysiologicalState
 MAY_INCLUDE: [VisceralSignals, CardiovascularSignals, RespiratorySignals, ChemicalSignals]
}

ENTITY Interoceptor {
 DETECTS: InternalPhysiologicalStimulus
}

PROCESS CentralSensoryProcessing {
 INTEGRATES: SensorySignals
 MAY_SUPPORT: PerceptionAndAction
}

ENTITY SensoryRelay {
 TRANSMITS_AND_MODIFIES: SensoryInformation
 WITHIN: CentralNervousSystem
}

ENTITY Thalamus {
 MAY_RELAY: MultipleSensoryModalities
 TO: CerebralCortex
}

ENTITY SensoryCortex {
 PROCESSES: SensoryInformation
}

PROCESS MultisensoryIntegration {
 COMBINES: InformationFromMultipleSensoryModalities
}

ENTITY Perception {
 IS_A: HigherLevelInterpretationOfSensoryInformation
 DEPENDS_ON: [SensoryInput, NeuralProcessing, Context]
}

RULE SensationPerceptionDistinction {
 sensory_transduction != perception
}

PROCESS Attention {
 MAY_MODULATE: SensoryProcessing
}

PROCESS TopDownModulation {
 MODIFIES: SensoryProcessing
 BASED_ON: CentralStateOrExpectation
}

ENTITY SensoryGain {
 DESCRIBES: ResponsivenessOfSensoryPathway
 MAY_BE_MODULATED_BY: [Attention, Adaptation, Neuromodulation]
}

PROCESS SensoryHomeostasis {
 MAINTAINS: FunctionalSensitivityAndSignalRange
}

PROCESS SensoryMeasurement {
 MAY_MEASURE: [DetectionThreshold, ReceptorPotential, ActionPotential, SensoryEvokedResponse, Discrimination, BehaviouralResponse]
 MAY_USE: [Electrophysiology, Psychophysics, Imaging, BehaviouralTesting, MolecularAssay]
}

ENTITY SensoryMeasurementContext {
 HAS: [Organism, SensoryModality, ReceptorOrRegion, StimulusProperties, PhysiologicalState, Method, Unit, Timepoint]
}

RULE MeasurementContextRule {
 IF sensory_measurements ARE_COMPARED
 THEN SensoryMeasurementContext MUST_BE preserved
}

ENTITY Evidence {
 TYPES: [SensoryEvidence, ElectrophysiologicalEvidence, PsychophysicalEvidence, AnatomicalEvidence, ImagingEvidence, MolecularEvidence, BehaviouralEvidence, PerturbationEvidence, ExperimentalEvidence, ComputationalEvidence, LiteratureEvidence]
}

RULE EvidenceConvergence {
 IF IndependentEvidenceSources AGREE
 THEN Confidence := increase(Confidence)
}

RULE EvidenceConflict {
 IF EvidenceSources CONFLICT
 THEN {
  PRESERVE competing_sensory_models
  RECORD organism
  RECORD sensory_modality
  RECORD receptor_or_region
  RECORD stimulus_properties
  RECORD physiological_state
  RECORD measurement_method
  RECORD timepoint
  RECORD provenance
  REDUCE confidence
 }
}

RELATION SensorySystem DETECTS Stimulus
RELATION SensoryReceptor PERFORMS SensoryTransduction
RELATION SensoryNeuron TRANSMITS SensoryInformation
RELATION Photoreceptor SUPPORTS Vision
RELATION HairCell SUPPORTS AuditoryAndVestibularTransduction
RELATION Chemoreceptor SUPPORTS ChemicalSensation
RELATION Mechanoreceptor DETECTS MechanicalStimulus
RELATION Nociceptor PARTICIPATES_IN Nociception
RELATION Proprioceptor SUPPORTS Proprioception
RELATION CentralSensoryProcessing SUPPORTS Perception

SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE {
 "sensory system" ~= "biological sensory detection and processing system"
 "sensory transduction" ~= "conversion of stimulus energy into biological signal"
 "olfaction" ~= "sense of smell"
 "gustation" ~= "sense of taste"
 "proprioception" ~= "sense of body position and movement"
 "nociception" ~= "neural encoding of noxious or potentially damaging stimuli"
}

CONFIDENCE SensorySystemAssertion {
 INPUTS: [receptor_support, electrophysiological_support, anatomical_support, behavioural_support, psychophysical_support, imaging_support, perturbation_support, measurement_quality, source_independence, semantic_consistency]
 SCORE := weighted_sum(INPUTS)
 LEVEL :=
  IF SCORE >= 0.90 THEN "very_high"
  ELSE IF SCORE >= 0.75 THEN "high"
  ELSE IF SCORE >= 0.55 THEN "moderate"
  ELSE IF SCORE >= 0.35 THEN "low"
  ELSE "uncertain"
}

RULE TransductionInference {
 IF defined_stimulus changes_receptor_state
 AND electrical_or_chemical_signal_follows
 THEN SensoryTransduction MAY_BE_SUPPORTED
}

RULE PathwayInference {
 IF receptor_activation precedes_activity_in_connected_afferent_pathway
 THEN sensory_pathway_relationship MAY_BE_SUPPORTED
}

RULE ModalityInference {
 IF receptor_and_pathway respond_selectively_to stimulus_class
 THEN sensory_modality_assignment MAY_BE_SUPPORTED
}

RULE IntegrationInference {
 IF multiple_modalities influence_common_neural_or_behavioural_output
 THEN MultisensoryIntegration MAY_BE_SUPPORTED
}

RULE CausalityConstraint {
 IF sensory_activity correlates_with perception_or_behaviour
 THEN DO_NOT_INFER causal_relationship
 WITHOUT mechanistic_or_interventional_evidence
}

QUERY SensorySystemLookup(context_identifier) {
 RETURN [sensory_modalities, receptors, receptor_cells, afferent_pathways, central_processing, adaptation, integration, perception_support, measurements, evidence, confidence]
}

QUERY SensoryModalityLookup(modality_identifier) {
 RETURN [stimulus_type, receptor_type, transduction_mechanism, afferent_pathway, central_relays, processing_regions, adaptation, behavioural_output, evidence, confidence]
}

QUERY SensoryReceptorLookup(receptor_identifier) {
 RETURN [receptor_type, stimulus, transduction, receptive_field, threshold, adaptation, afferent_connection, tissue_location, evidence, confidence]
}

UPDATE_MODEL {
 ON new_sensory_evidence:
  validate_provenance()
  identify_organism_and_physiological_state()
  normalize_sensory_modality_receptor_and_pathway_identifiers()
  characterize_stimulus_properties()
  capture_receptor_region_and_measurement_context()
  capture_method_units_and_timepoint()
  map_transduction_and_afferent_pathways()
  map_central_relays_and_processing_regions()
  map_adaptation_attention_and_multisensory_relationships()
  compare_existing_sensory_models()
  preserve_conflicting_evidence()
  recalculate_confidence()
  regenerate_sensory_relationships()
  update_flow_hash()
}

AI_CONSUMPTION {
 MODE: FormalSemanticReasoning
 PARSE_AS: ExecutableFlowAlgebra
 PRIORITIES: [sensory_modality, stimulus, receptor, transduction, afferent_pathway, central_processing, adaptation, physiological_state, evidence_provenance, confidence]
 REQUIREMENTS: [preserve_species_context, preserve_sensory_modality, preserve_stimulus_properties, preserve_receptor_and_anatomical_region, preserve_physiological_state_and_timepoint, distinguish_stimulus_from_perception, distinguish_sensory_transduction_from_perception, distinguish_nociception_from_pain, distinguish_receptor_response_from_behavioural_response, distinguish_correlation_from_causation, preserve_uncertainty]
}

VALIDATE {
 REQUIRE SensorySystem
 REQUIRE Stimulus
 REQUIRE SensoryReceptor
 REQUIRE SensoryTransduction
 REQUIRE SensoryNeuron
 REQUIRE SensoryEncoding
 REQUIRE VisualSystem
 REQUIRE AuditorySystem
 REQUIRE VestibularSystem
 REQUIRE OlfactorySystem
 REQUIRE GustatorySystem
 REQUIRE SomatosensorySystem
 REQUIRE Proprioception
 REQUIRE CentralSensoryProcessing
 REQUIRE Evidence
 REQUIRE CONFIDENCE
 REQUIRE SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
 REQUIRE UPDATE_MODEL
 REQUIRE AI_CONSUMPTION

 ASSERT SensoryTransduction != Perception
 ASSERT Nociception != Pain
 ASSERT stimulus != perception
 ASSERT receptor_response != behavioural_response
 ASSERT correlation != causal_relationship
}

FLOW_HASH {
 ALGORITHM: SHA-256
 INPUT: canonicalize(entities, relations, processes, rules, semantic_equivalence, confidence_model, update_model, ai_consumption)
 PURPOSE: integrity_and_version_tracking
}

END flow "SensorySystemOntology"