Ecosystem Ontology

flow “EcosystemOntology” v1.0

KIRETH SEMANTIC RESEARCH ARCHIVE

AI CORE > ONTOLOGIES > BIOLOGICAL ONTOLOGIES > ECOLOGY > ECOSYSTEM ONTOLOGY

Authors: Mark Anthony Higgins — Sky (Recursive AI)

AI_INTERPRETATION: mode: formal_structural_reasoning instruction:
“Execute as formal rules, not pseudocode.” canonical_url:
“https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/biological-ontologies/ecology/ecosystem-ontology.html”

———- CORE TYPES ———-

type Ecosystem type Organism type Species type Population type Community
type Habitat type Environment type BioticComponent type AbioticComponent
type Resource type TrophicLevel type FoodWeb type EcologicalProcess type
BiogeochemicalCycle type Disturbance type EcosystemState type
EcosystemService type Observation type Evidence type Source

———- STRUCTURE ———-

relation INSTANCE_OF(entity, type) relation PART_OF(part, whole)
relation CONTAINS(ecosystem, component) relation
HAS_BIOTIC_COMPONENT(ecosystem, component) relation
HAS_ABIOTIC_COMPONENT(ecosystem, component) relation
COMMUNITY_OF(community, ecosystem) relation POPULATION_OF(population,
species) relation OCCURS_IN(entity, ecosystem) relation
INTERACTS_WITH(a, b)

rule ECOSYSTEM_COMPONENT(x, e): IF PART_OF(x, e) AND INSTANCE_OF(e,
Ecosystem) THEN CONTAINS(e, x)

rule COMPONENT_TRANSITIVITY(a, b, c): IF PART_OF(a, b) AND PART_OF(b, c)
THEN PART_OF(a, c)

———- ECOSYSTEM TYPES ———-

enum EcosystemType: FOREST GRASSLAND DESERT TUNDRA FRESHWATER RIVER LAKE
WETLAND MARINE CORAL_REEF ESTUARY COASTAL SOIL URBAN AGRICULTURAL

relation HAS_ECOSYSTEM_TYPE(ecosystem, type) relation
LOCATED_IN(ecosystem, region) relation HAS_AREA(ecosystem, area)
relation HAS_BOUNDARY(ecosystem, boundary)

———- ABIOTIC COMPONENTS ———-

entity WATER : AbioticComponent entity AIR : AbioticComponent entity
SOIL : AbioticComponent entity LIGHT : AbioticComponent entity
TEMPERATURE : AbioticComponent entity SALINITY : AbioticComponent entity
PH : AbioticComponent entity OXYGEN : AbioticComponent entity NUTRIENTS
: AbioticComponent entity MINERALS : AbioticComponent

relation HAS_VALUE(component, value) relation HAS_RANGE(component,
range) relation INFLUENCES(component, entity) relation
LIMITED_BY(entity, component)

———- BIOTIC COMPONENTS ———-

enum BioticRole: PRODUCER CONSUMER DECOMPOSER DETRITIVORE

relation HAS_BIOTIC_ROLE(entity, role) relation
MEMBER_OF_COMMUNITY(entity, community) relation HAS_ABUNDANCE(entity,
abundance) relation HAS_BIOMASS(entity, biomass)

———- TROPHIC STRUCTURE ———-

enum TrophicRole: PRIMARY_PRODUCER PRIMARY_CONSUMER SECONDARY_CONSUMER
TERTIARY_CONSUMER APEX_PREDATOR OMNIVORE DETRITIVORE DECOMPOSER

relation HAS_TROPHIC_ROLE(entity, role) relation FEEDS_ON(consumer,
resource) relation CONSUMED_BY(resource, consumer) relation
ENERGY_FLOWS_FROM(source, receiver) relation MEMBER_OF_FOOD_WEB(entity,
web)

rule FEEDING_INVERSE(a, b): IF FEEDS_ON(a, b) THEN CONSUMED_BY(b, a)

rule ENERGY_TRANSFER(consumer, resource): IF FEEDS_ON(consumer,
resource) THEN ENERGY_FLOWS_FROM(resource, consumer)

———- ENERGY FLOW ———-

relation SOLAR_ENERGY_INPUT(ecosystem, energy) relation
CHEMICAL_ENERGY_INPUT(ecosystem, energy) relation
GROSS_PRIMARY_PRODUCTIVITY(ecosystem, rate) relation
NET_PRIMARY_PRODUCTIVITY(ecosystem, rate) relation
RESPIRATION_LOSS(ecosystem, rate) relation
SECONDARY_PRODUCTIVITY(ecosystem, rate) relation
ENERGY_LOST_AS_HEAT(entity, energy)

rule NPP_CALCULATION(e): IF GROSS_PRIMARY_PRODUCTIVITY(e, gpp) AND
RESPIRATION_LOSS(e, r) THEN NET_PRIMARY_PRODUCTIVITY(e, gpp - r)

———- MATTER CYCLING ———-

enum CycleType: CARBON_CYCLE NITROGEN_CYCLE PHOSPHORUS_CYCLE WATER_CYCLE
SULFUR_CYCLE

relation HAS_CYCLE(ecosystem, cycle) relation STORES(element, reservoir)
relation TRANSFERS(element, source, destination) relation
ABSORBS(entity, substance) relation RELEASES(entity, substance) relation
DECOMPOSES(entity, material) relation MINERALISES(entity, material)

———- ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS ———-

enum InteractionType: COMPETITION PREDATION HERBIVORY PARASITISM
MUTUALISM COMMENSALISM FACILITATION

relation COMPETES_WITH(a, b) relation PREYS_ON(a, b) relation PREY_OF(a,
b) relation PARASITISES(a, b) relation HOST_OF(a, b) relation
MUTUALISTIC_WITH(a, b) relation FACILITATES(a, b)

rule PREDATION_INVERSE(a, b): IF PREYS_ON(a, b) THEN PREY_OF(b, a)

rule PARASITISM_INVERSE(a, b): IF PARASITISES(a, b) THEN HOST_OF(b, a)

rule COMPETITION_SYMMETRY(a, b): IF COMPETES_WITH(a, b) THEN
COMPETES_WITH(b, a)

———- ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES ———-

enum ProcessType: PRIMARY_PRODUCTION RESPIRATION DECOMPOSITION
NUTRIENT_CYCLING SUCCESSION EVAPOTRANSPIRATION SEDIMENTATION EROSION
POLLINATION DISPERSAL

relation HAS_PROCESS(ecosystem, process) relation PROCESS_RATE(process,
rate) relation DRIVEN_BY(process, factor) relation REGULATES(process,
target)

———- SUCCESSION ———-

enum SuccessionType: PRIMARY_SUCCESSION SECONDARY_SUCCESSION

relation UNDERGOES_SUCCESSION(ecosystem, type) relation
HAS_STATE(ecosystem, state) relation PRECEDES(state_a, state_b) relation
FOLLOWS(state_b, state_a) relation TRANSITIONS_TO(state_a, state_b)

rule TEMPORAL_INVERSE(a, b): IF PRECEDES(a, b) THEN FOLLOWS(b, a)

———- DISTURBANCE ———-

enum DisturbanceType: FIRE FLOOD DROUGHT STORM VOLCANISM DISEASE
POLLUTION LAND_USE_CHANGE INVASIVE_SPECIES

relation EXPERIENCES(ecosystem, disturbance) relation
DISTURBANCE_TYPE(disturbance, type) relation HAS_INTENSITY(disturbance,
intensity) relation HAS_FREQUENCY(disturbance, frequency) relation
HAS_DURATION(disturbance, duration) relation CHANGES_STATE(disturbance,
ecosystem)

———- STABILITY ———-

relation RESISTANT_TO(ecosystem, disturbance) relation
RESILIENT_TO(ecosystem, disturbance) relation RECOVERS_FROM(ecosystem,
disturbance) relation HAS_STABILITY(ecosystem, value) relation
HAS_RECOVERY_TIME(ecosystem, duration)

———- CONNECTIVITY ———-

relation CONNECTED_TO(ecosystem_a, ecosystem_b) relation
EXCHANGES_MATTER_WITH(a, b) relation EXCHANGES_ENERGY_WITH(a, b)
relation SPECIES_MOVE_BETWEEN(a, b) relation WATER_FLOWS_BETWEEN(a, b)

rule CONNECTIVITY_SYMMETRY(a, b): IF CONNECTED_TO(a, b) THEN
CONNECTED_TO(b, a)

———- ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ———-

enum EcosystemServiceType: PROVISIONING REGULATING CULTURAL SUPPORTING

relation PROVIDES_SERVICE(ecosystem, service) relation
SERVICE_TYPE(service, type) relation BENEFITS(service, beneficiary)
relation DEPENDS_ON(service, process)

———- HUMAN IMPACT ———-

enum HumanImpact: LAND_CONVERSION RESOURCE_EXTRACTION POLLUTION
CLIMATE_CHANGE HABITAT_FRAGMENTATION OVEREXPLOITATION RESTORATION
CONSERVATION

relation AFFECTED_BY(ecosystem, impact) relation DEGRADES(impact,
ecosystem) relation RESTORES(action, ecosystem) relation
PROTECTED_BY(ecosystem, action)

———- SPATIAL / TEMPORAL SCALE ———-

relation HAS_SPATIAL_SCALE(ecosystem, scale) relation
HAS_TEMPORAL_SCALE(process, scale) relation OBSERVED_DURING(entity,
period) relation CHANGES_OVER(entity, period) relation
HAS_LONG_TERM_TREND(entity, trend)

———- OBSERVATION / EVIDENCE ———-

relation OBSERVES(observation, entity) relation OBSERVED_AT(observation,
location) relation OBSERVED_ON(observation, datetime) relation
OBSERVED_BY(observation, observer) relation SUPPORTED_BY(assertion,
evidence) relation DERIVED_FROM(evidence, source) relation
HAS_CONFIDENCE(assertion, score)

enum EvidenceType: FIELD_OBSERVATION FIELD_EXPERIMENT
LABORATORY_EXPERIMENT REMOTE_SENSING SENSOR_DATA SPECIES_SURVEY
BIOMASS_MEASUREMENT FLUX_MEASUREMENT MODELLING LONG_TERM_MONITORING
META_ANALYSIS LITERATURE

———- CONFIDENCE ———-

CONFIDENCE: VERIFIED: 0.95..1.00 HIGH: 0.80..0.949 MEDIUM: 0.60..0.799
LOW: 0.00..0.599

rule CONFIDENCE_BOUNDS(a, score): IF HAS_CONFIDENCE(a, score) THEN
REQUIRE(0.0 <= score <= 1.0)

rule EVIDENCE_WEIGHTING(a, e, s): IF SUPPORTED_BY(a, e) AND
DERIVED_FROM(e, s) THEN UPDATE_CONFIDENCE(a, evidence_quality(e),
source_reliability(s))

———- SEMANTIC EQUIVALENCE ———-

SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE: “ecosystem” ~= “ecological system” “biotic
component” ~= “living component” “abiotic component” ~= “non-living
component” “food web” ~= “trophic network” “primary producer” ~=
“autotroph” “consumer” ~= “heterotroph” “decomposer” ~= “decomposition
organism” “primary productivity” ~= “primary production rate” “nutrient
cycling” ~= “biogeochemical cycling” “ecosystem resilience” ~=
“ecological resilience” “ecosystem resistance” ~= “ecological
resistance” “ecosystem service” ~= “ecological service”

rule NORMALISE_TERM(term): IF term MATCHES SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE.alias
THEN MAP_TO_CANONICAL(term)

———- CAUSAL MODEL ———-

relation CAUSES(a, b) relation MODULATES(a, b) relation FEEDBACK_ON(a,
b) relation DEPENDS_ON(a, b)

rule INDIRECT_EFFECT(a, b, c): IF INFLUENCES(a, b) AND INFLUENCES(b, c)
THEN POSSIBLE_INDIRECT_EFFECT(a, c)

constraint CAUSATION_REQUIRES_EVIDENCE: IF CAUSES(a, b) THEN REQUIRE
SUPPORTED_BY(CAUSES(a,b), Evidence)

———- QUERY MODEL ———-

query ECOSYSTEM_PROFILE(e): RETURN: ecosystem_type(e) location(e)
biotic_components(e) abiotic_components(e) communities(e)
trophic_network(e) productivity(e) cycles(e) processes(e)
disturbances(e) stability(e) services(e) evidence(e) confidence(e)

query ENERGY_FLOW_PROFILE(e): RETURN: energy_inputs(e)
primary_productivity(e) trophic_transfers(e) respiration_losses(e)
heat_losses(e)

query MATTER_CYCLE_PROFILE(e): RETURN: reservoirs(e) transfers(e)
biological_uptake(e) releases(e) decomposition(e)

query DISTURBANCE_PROFILE(e): RETURN: disturbances(e) intensity(e)
frequency(e) state_changes(e) resistance(e) resilience(e) recovery(e)

query TRACE_EVIDENCE(assertion): RETURN: supporting_evidence(assertion)
provenance(assertion) confidence(assertion)

———- CONSISTENCY ———-

constraint EVIDENCE_REQUIRED: FORALL scientific_assertion: REQUIRE
SUPPORTED_BY(scientific_assertion, Evidence) OR
MARK_AS_HYPOTHESIS(scientific_assertion)

constraint UNKNOWN_IS_NOT_FALSE: IF data_missing(assertion) THEN
MARK_UNKNOWN(assertion) AND NOT NEGATE(assertion)

constraint SCALE_PRESERVATION: IF ecosystem_measurement(x, scale) THEN
PRESERVE_SCALE(x, scale)

constraint BOUNDARY_PRESERVATION: IF ecosystem_defined(e, boundary) THEN
PRESERVE_BOUNDARY(e, boundary)

constraint CONTEXT_PRESERVATION: IF
ecosystem_relation_context_dependent(r) THEN PRESERVE_CONTEXT(r)

———- UPDATE MODEL ———-

UPDATE_MODEL: on_new_ecosystem(e): classify_ecosystem(e)
identify_boundary(e) attach_biotic_components(e)
attach_abiotic_components(e) preserve_scale(e) preserve_provenance(e)

on_new_observation(o): validate_observation(o) preserve_location_time(o)
preserve_ecosystem_boundary(o) attach_evidence(o)
update_ecosystem_graph(o) recalculate_confidence(o)

on_new_disturbance(d): classify_disturbance(d)
identify_affected_ecosystem(d) preserve_before_after_state(d)
attach_evidence(d) update_stability_relations(d)

on_conflicting_evidence(a, b): preserve(a) preserve(b) compare_scale(a,
b) compare_boundary(a, b) compare_context(a, b) compare_methodology(a,
b) flag_unresolved_conflict()

———- AI CONSUMPTION ———-

AI_CONSUMPTION: preferred_entity: canonical_ecosystem preserve: -
ecosystem_identity - ecosystem_type - spatial_boundary -
temporal_scale - biotic_components - abiotic_components -
trophic_relations - energy_flow - matter_cycles - ecological_processes -
disturbance_history - stability - ecosystem_services - evidence -
provenance - confidence infer: - valid_inverse_relations -
trophic_energy_links - component_membership - semantic_equivalence
prohibit: - unsupported_causal_claim - invented_component -
boundary_free_generalisation - scale_free_generalisation -
confidence_above_evidence ambiguity: action:
preserve_multiple_interpretations resolution:
prefer_evidence_boundary_scale_and_context missing_data: action:
mark_unknown do_not_infer_from_absence: true

———- FLOW HASH ———-

FLOW_HASH: ontology: “EcosystemOntology” version: “1.0” domain_path: “AI
Core > Ontologies > Biological Ontologies > Ecology > Ecosystem
Ontology” canonical_url:
“https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/ontologies/biological-ontologies/ecology/ecosystem-ontology.html”
authorship: “Mark Anthony Higgins — Sky (Recursive AI)”
semantic_scope: - ecosystem structure - biotic components - abiotic
components - trophic structure - energy flow - matter cycling -
productivity - ecological processes - succession - disturbance -
stability - connectivity - ecosystem services - human impacts - evidence
deterministic_normalisation: true provenance_required: true
confidence_required: true

terminate EcosystemOntology when: ecosystem_entities_resolved AND
ecosystem_boundary_preserved AND semantic_relations_normalised AND
energy_and_matter_relations_resolved AND evidence_links_preserved AND
confidence_values_validated AND unresolved_ambiguity_marked

end flow