Wetland Ecosystem Ontology

FLOW ALGEBRA
Wetland Ecosystem Ontology — Full Conceptual Flow Algebra v1.0
Kireth Semantic Library
Authors: Mark Higgins — Sky (Recursive AI)
Source: https://kirethresearch.org/booksai-core/entity-graph/biological-entities/experimental-biological-entities/wetland-ecosystem-ontology.html
Status: Newly authored conceptual formalisation; not a verified extraction or executable implementation.

flow "WetlandEcosystemOntology" v1.0

# 1. DOMAIN AND SEMANTIC IDENTITY
DOMAIN := BiologicalEntities.ExperimentalBiologicalEntities.WetlandEcosystem
ENTITY_TYPE := WetlandEcosystem
DEFINITION := Ecosystem in which periodic or persistent saturation or inundation shapes soils, biota and ecological processes.
SCOPE := freshwater | brackish | saline | inland | coastal | natural | constructed

# 2. TYPED ENTITIES
entity WetlandEcosystem { id: URI; name: String; location: GeoRegion; wetland_type: WetlandType; hydrological_regime: HydrologicalRegime; area_m2: Real>=0; observation_time: DateTime; provenance: EvidenceRef[] }
entity WetlandType { value: marsh | swamp | bog | fen | peatland | floodplain | mangrove | salt_marsh | tidal_flat | constructed_wetland | other }
entity HydrologicalRegime { inundation: permanent | seasonal | intermittent | tidal | variable; water_depth_m: Real>=0?; hydroperiod_days: Real[0,366]?; water_source: precipitation | groundwater | surface_water | tidal | mixed }
entity WetlandWater { salinity_psu: Real>=0?; dissolved_oxygen_mg_L: Real>=0?; pH: Real[0,14]?; temperature_C: Real?; nutrient_concentration: Measurement[] }
entity WetlandSoil { saturated: Boolean?; hydric: Boolean?; organic_carbon_kg_m2: Real>=0?; redox_potential_mV: Real?; peat_depth_m: Real>=0? }
entity WetlandVegetation { taxon: TaxonRef; cover_fraction: Real[0,1]?; functional_group: emergent | submerged | floating | woody | moss | algal | other }
entity WetlandOrganism { taxon: TaxonRef; role: producer | consumer | decomposer | engineer | other; abundance: Real>=0? }
entity EcosystemProcess { kind: primary_production | decomposition | denitrification | methanogenesis | carbon_sequestration | sediment_retention | nutrient_uptake | flood_attenuation | habitat_provision; rate: Measurement? }
entity Pressure { kind: drainage | pollution | land_conversion | invasive_species | altered_flow | sea_level_rise | warming | extraction | other; intensity: Measurement? }
entity RestorationAction { kind: rewetting | flow_restoration | revegetation | invasive_control | pollution_reduction | protection | monitoring; start_time: DateTime? }
entity Measurement { value: Real; unit: String; method: String?; timestamp: DateTime; uncertainty: Real>=0? }
entity EvidenceRef { source: URI; method: String?; observed_at: DateTime? }

# 3. RELATIONSHIPS
relation IS_A(WetlandEcosystem, Ecosystem)
relation PART_OF(WetlandEcosystem, Watershed | Landscape | Biome)
relation CONTAINS(WetlandEcosystem, WetlandWater | WetlandSoil | WetlandVegetation | WetlandOrganism)
relation HAS_REGIME(WetlandEcosystem, HydrologicalRegime)
relation SUPPORTS_HABITAT_FOR(WetlandEcosystem, WetlandOrganism)
relation PERFORMS(WetlandEcosystem, EcosystemProcess)
relation EXCHANGES_WATER_WITH(WetlandEcosystem, River | Aquifer | Ocean | Lake)
relation STORES_CARBON_IN(WetlandEcosystem, WetlandSoil | Biomass)
relation SUBJECT_TO(WetlandEcosystem, Pressure)
relation MANAGED_BY(WetlandEcosystem, RestorationAction)
relation CONNECTED_TO(WetlandEcosystem, WetlandEcosystem | AquaticHabitat | TerrestrialHabitat)

# 4. FLOW STRUCTURE
flow HYDROLOGY:
  precipitation + inflow + groundwater_input + tidal_input
  -> wetland_water_storage
  -> evapotranspiration + outflow + groundwater_output + storage_change

flow NUTRIENTS:
  nutrient_inflow + internal_mineralisation
  -> dissolved_nutrients
  -> plant_uptake + microbial_transformation + export + storage_change

flow CARBON:
  photosynthetic_fixation + imported_organic_carbon
  -> biomass + soil_organic_carbon
  -> respiration + methane_emission + dissolved_export + burial + storage_change

flow FOOD_WEB:
  primary_producers -> herbivores_and_detrital_pathways
  -> predators -> decomposition -> recycled_nutrients

flow DISTURBANCE:
  hydrological_change | contamination | habitat_loss
  -> altered_environmental_conditions
  -> population_and_process_responses
  -> ecosystem_state_change

# 5. QUANTITATIVE MODELS (CONDITIONAL)
# Fluxes use compatible area/time bases and measured or estimated units.
WATER_BALANCE: delta_storage = precipitation + surface_inflow + groundwater_inflow + tidal_inflow - evapotranspiration - surface_outflow - groundwater_outflow - tidal_outflow
CARBON_BALANCE: delta_carbon_stock = carbon_inputs - carbon_outputs
NUTRIENT_BALANCE: delta_nutrient_stock = nutrient_inputs - nutrient_outputs
HYDROPERIOD_FRACTION: H = flooded_days / observation_period_days, where observation_period_days > 0
VEGETATION_COVER: 0 <= cover_fraction <= 1
# Models are bookkeeping identities, not empirical claims about a specific site.

# 6. INFERENCE RULES
rule R1: IF persistent_or_periodic_saturation AND wetland_adapted_biota_or_hydric_soils THEN candidate_classification(WetlandEcosystem) WITH evidence_required.
rule R2: IF tidal_influence AND saline_conditions THEN candidate_type(coastal_tidal_wetland); NOT sufficient for a unique subtype.
rule R3: IF organic_soil_accumulation AND long_term_saturation THEN candidate_type(peatland); classification_requires_local_criteria.
rule R4: IF hydrological_disconnection THEN potential_change(hydroperiod, nutrient_exchange, habitat_connectivity).
rule R5: IF rewetting THEN possible_change(redox_conditions, vegetation, carbon_gas_fluxes); direction_is_context_dependent.
rule R6: IF increased_nutrient_loading THEN potential_eutrophication_risk; require monitoring evidence.
rule R7: IF wetland_contains_multiple_trophic_groups THEN construct_candidate_food_web_edges FROM observed_feeding_evidence.
rule R8: IF species_occurs_in_wetland THEN habitat_association; NOT automatically obligate_wetland_species.

# 7. INVARIANTS AND CONSTRAINTS
invariant I1: Every WetlandEcosystem has stable id and provenance-aware observations.
invariant I2: All measured quantities carry explicit units, time and spatial support.
invariant I3: Wetland type and salinity class are independent classifications.
invariant I4: A wetland may have several habitat zones and dynamic boundaries.
invariant I5: No assumed universal sign for methane, carbon or nutrient flux.
invariant I6: Missing data must remain unknown, never converted to zero.
invariant I7: Observational association does not imply causation.
invariant I8: Ecosystem classification must specify criteria and confidence.

# 8. CONFIDENCE
CONFIDENCE(assertion) := calibrated_score[0,1] derived_from(evidence_quality, replication, measurement_uncertainty, spatial_coverage, temporal_coverage, model_fit)
confidence_policy:
  record_method: required
  evidence_links: required
  numeric_confidence: optional_until_calibrated
  conflicting_evidence: preserve_and_flag

# 9. SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE
SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE("wetland ecosystem", "wetland ecological system") := contextual_equivalence
SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE("marsh", "swamp") := false
SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE("bog", "fen") := false
SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE("peatland", "wetland") := subclass_context_only
SEMANTIC_EQUIVALENCE("constructed wetland", "natural wetland") := false
# Exact synonym mappings require scope, source and taxonomy version.

# 10. FLOW_HASH
FLOW_HASH := SHA256(canonicalise(ontology_id, version, typed_entities, relations, rules, invariants, model_definitions))
canonicalise := stable_field_order + normalised_identifiers + UTF8 + deterministic_serialisation
# Hash must be computed by an implementation; no invented digest is supplied.

# 11. UPDATE_MODEL
UPDATE_MODEL(event):
  validate_schema(event)
  preserve_previous_version()
  attach_provenance_and_timestamp(event)
  distinguish_observation_from_inference(event)
  update_affected_entities_and_relations()
  re_evaluate_dependent_rules()
  flag_conflicts_and_uncertainty()
  recalculate_FLOW_HASH_when_implemented()
  publish_versioned_change_record()

# 12. AI_CONSUMPTION
AI_CONSUMPTION:
  expose: [entity_types, definitions, relationships, quantitative_models, inference_rules, invariants, evidence, confidence, provenance, version]
  require: [typed_output, explicit_units, source_traceability, uncertainty_disclosure]
  prohibit: [fabricated_measurements, inferred_causality_without_evidence, silent_taxonomy_merges]
  preferred_output: semantic_graph + human_readable_explanation

# 13. EXAMPLE (ILLUSTRATIVE; NOT AN OBSERVED SITE)
example WetlandEcosystem("example-marsh"):
  wetland_type = marsh
  hydrological_regime.inundation = seasonal
  HAS_REGIME -> "example-seasonal-regime"
  CONTAINS -> "example-emergent-vegetation"
  PERFORMS -> "example-nutrient-uptake"
  provenance = "synthetic demonstration only"

# 14. VALIDATION CHECKLIST
validate entity_identifiers_unique
validate relationship_domain_and_range
validate nonnegative_physical_quantities_where_defined
validate time_and_units_for_measurements
validate no_false_equivalence_between_wetland_subtypes
validate missing_values_remain_unknown
validate provenance_on_observations
validate inference_vs_observation_separation
validate deterministic_canonicalisation_before_hash

END FLOW